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The evolution of European security research and innovation programmes:
changing purposes and rationales
Jean-Marc Suchier
ETTIS R&I strategies and policy priorities in new mission-oriented programs: The case of security”
Brussels, 18 September 2014
THE FIRST STEPS IN EUROPE 1/2
Situation of security research in 2000 Not covered at EU level No national programme
The triggers End of Cold War Development of international terrorism: it can strike anywhere September 11, 2001
12/12/2003 - European Council document : “European Security strategy”
“A secure Europe in a better World” We need new security instruments We need common instruments for all Member States
THE FIRST STEPS IN EUROPE 2/2
March 2004 - Recommendations from Group of Personalities (GOP) to develop a European Security Research Programme (ESRP)
For improving European security For improving European competitiveness In full respect of civil liberties and ethical principals
ESRP must Be complementary to nationals efforts Finance mission oriented research from capability to demonstrator projects Be focused on technology
Technology is not security, but no there is security without technology Take benefit of dual civil/military research
Recommendation to put in place an advisory board to help prepare an agenda for implementation of ESRP
FEW COMMENTS ON SECURITY CONTEXT IN 2003 1/2
What is security ? Vague and inconsistent definitions among Member States (MS) Covers many different and disconnected domains
Who is in charge of security? The Member States security is under MS responsibility
With various organisation/management of security matters EU defines security rules for a few domains (airports,..)
But MS decide on implementation MS usually have very limited resources available for security investments
What are the key perceived threats? Mainly terrorism and organised crime Perception of “insecurity” widely dependant on country, culture, age,… and events Societal aspects: only a concern to take in consideration
FEW COMMENTS ON SECURITY CONTEXT IN 2003 2/2
Who develops security solutions? Mainly defence and aeronautic companies, located in a few MS
What is the security market? Regulated
Operators invest in security solutions only to follow regulations‒ No ROI for security
Fragmented MS defines their rules and protect their national market
No major investment from industry Industry needs market visibility In security, the market is mainly defined when regulation is clear and stable and when
funding for implementation programme is available
PREPARATION OF ESRP 1/2
The Preparatory Action for Security Research (PASR) A 3 year programme (2004-2006) before FP7 Limited budget (15M€ /year) for small projects Goals
To investigate a few research topics To help defining the ESRP content
Outcome Not very useful for preparing ESRP content, because of projects schedule But helped putting in place a new security research community
Managed, at DG Entr, by a team with a successful experience in air transportation ACARE, SRIA
PREPARATION OF ESRP 2/2
The European Security Research Advisory Board (ESRAB) 2005-2006 50 members from
Governmental agencies Research labs Industry
Tasked by EC to propose a content and priorities for ESRP Focused on short term technology needs
No basic research, but applied research on existing technology for security solutions Mission oriented
Border, Critical infrastructures, Crisis management,.. Does not cover digital security (DG Infso)
Societal aspects covered in parallel (Security & Socierty) Outcome (ESRAB report)
Good results for short term technology priorities The societal aspects not seen as a major potential problem for security research Good basis for the first calls of FP7 security theme (ERSP)
EUROPEAN SECURITY AND INNOVATION FORUM
In parallel with ESRP, a new advisory board in place: ESRIF (2007-2009) The goal: to define a strategic security research agenda (ESRIA)
For mid and long term needs Based on the ACARE model
Concept of security covers man-made and natural catastrophic events The main difficulty
No major European policy document yet published (beyond the high level definition of “European Security Strategy”)
Which strategy options to use for the agenda? Outcome
A strong message requesting that societal aspects be of major concern in ESRP‒ DG Entr put in place a Societal Impact Expert Group (2008 – 2013)
A raising understanding that ‒ Technology is only one of the parameter‒ Resilience is an important aspect of security‒ European citizens must be involved
A weak and almost useless “strategic agenda”
STATUS AT FP7 ESRP COMPLETION
Overall, ESRP is a successful programme >1,4B€, >200 funded projects
Modest impact on European security Many new technology products But limited real innovation
No major new security solutions so far It takes years from research to innovation
Raising understanding that societal issues are crucial
The weaknesses Work programme more a concatenation of MS needs than answer to EU policies Lack of fast track mechanism Very difficult to build a long term strategy in security
TOWARDS HORIZON 2020
Focused on societal challenges (Secure societies) , and pushing for More innovation
Looking for higher TRLs PCP (Pre Commercial Procurement) and PPI (Public Procurement of Innovative solutions)
Deeper cooperation of all stakeholders Enhancement of the societal dimension
Covering Cyber security
Proposing a new fast track mechanism ?
A few open questions Will PCPs and PPIs be efficient? How to extract from EU policy initiatives effective research agendas? How to effectively enhance the societal dimension? All topics of interest for ETTIS
Thank you for your attention