The Evolving Network:

Trends in the connected home,

SMB and Enterprise Services marketsSMB and Enterprise Services markets

Clarence Black

ANMTA Spring Conference 2014

Introduction

Network Engineer with Plateau Telecommunications in Clovis, NM

Just starting a website / IT blog:

www.r66networks.comwww.r66networks.com

Future Training Sessions?

• Service Provider Metro Ethernet and MPLS Networks

• IPv6

• Security

First Key Takeaway - Wireless• Understanding Wireless networks and their impact on:

– The connected home• IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac

• IEEE 802.15.4 - Zigbee

• ITU G.9959 – Z-Wave

– Cellular Data Networks• 2G EDGE

• 3G CDMA

• 3.5G HSPA+

• 4G LTE• 4G LTE

– Small and Medium Business Networks• Multi Access point and Controller Based solutions

– Enterprise• Authentication – 802.1x, AAA

• Implementation of Network Admission control

– Service Provider• Service Provider Wifi (walled garden, paywall, etc).

• Applying this knowledge to understand the hardware capability of Wireless devices

Second Key Takeaway – Routers (RSGs)

• Residential Gateway Routers have become advanced with Enterprise class features:

– A look at all-in-one RSGs w/SFP fiber termination capability.capability.

• We will review new features in these gateways that offer new Network capabilities for the home and SMB.

• Live demo of router emulators.

State of the AZ / NM Networks

• Tier 1 Cellular providers showing up in rural areas.

• Fiber on the rise. – Although declining, copper is still a significant percentage

(~50%?) of all plant.

• Wi-Max or Fixed LTE supplements some ILEC/ CLEC markets.

• Wi-Max or Fixed LTE supplements some ILEC/ CLEC markets.

• No IPv6 in New Mexico or Arizona (?) [yet!]

• Stimulus networks now entering service – lots of DWDM.

• Metro-Ethernet interconnects with other Telcos are now more common at 1gbE or 10GbE.

State of the Network, Continued…

• For average bandwidth, NM and AZ are in the

bottom 25% of the Class of 2013:

Source: http://www.akamai.com/stateoftheinternet/

State of the Internet, Security and IPv6

• Security:– Port 445 (Microsoft-DS) remained the most

targeted port in the fourth quarter, growing to 30% of observed attacks.

• IPv6• IPv6– Comcast in November 2013:

“Today, over 25% (and growing) of Comcast’s Xfinity Internet customers are actively provisioned with native dualstack broadband Internet service. Native IPv6 support has been deployed to over 75% of our broadband network, and our goal is 100% in early 2014.”

– Google Fiber – all dual stack IPv4 and IPv6.• Google assigning a /56 IP address.

Wireless data growing by Leaps and Bounds…

• Based on traffic data collected by Ericsson, the

volume of mobile data traffic increased by 70% from

the fourth quarter of 2012 to the fourth quarter of

2013, and grew approximately 15% between the

third and fourth quarters of 2013.third and fourth quarters of 2013.

Source: http://www.akamai.com/stateoftheinternet/

Technologies:

• Access Network Technology review• Physical mediums – a review of layer 1

• Are NIDs having an identity crisis?

• The definition of MSAP - has the Multi-Service Access • The definition of MSAP - has the Multi-Service Access

Platform peaked?

802.11, 3GPP

Wireless Networks

Wireless Standards

Wireless

Standard

Frequency Throughput Year

Ratified

Technology Details

802.11 2.4ghz 2mbps 1997 DHSS legacy

802.11a 5.0ghz 54mbps 1999 OFDM Separate

radio, lower

distance distance

than 2.4ghz

802.11b 2.4ghz 11mbps 1999 DSSS

802.11g 2.4ghz 54mbps 2003 FHSS

802.11n 2.4ghz +

5.0ghz

300 –

450mpbs

2008 MIMO-OFDM Dual band

radios

802.11ac 5.0ghz only 1Gbps 2014 MU-MIMO

(v2 spec)

“VHT”

Wireless Security

• Open Authentication

• WEP (legacy)

• WPA/ WPA2 with either TKIP or AES

– TKIP is WEP based– TKIP is WEP based

• Strongest –

– WPA2/AES

Wireless Mechanics

• With 2.4ghz:

– 3 non overlapping channels.

– 40mhz channels are not possible.

• At 5.0ghz:At 5.0ghz:

– 24 non overlapping channels at 20mhz, or

– 11 40mhz channels

– 4 channels for bonding

5ghz less congested.

Bluetooth operates at 2.4ghz

802.11 Wireless Networks

• 775mhz of free spectrum to use for wifi.

• Cellular carriers are implementing Wi-Fi offload due to limited and costly cellular spectrum, and abundance of free unlicensed spectrum.free unlicensed spectrum.

• Majority of devices today do not have a wired Ethernet connection.

• 2015 - # of networked devices equal 2x global population.• Source: Ruckus Wireless

802.11 performance

Enterprise AP Residential Gateway

iPad3 41d, 39u 36d, 32u

iPhone 5 76d, 48u 41d, 37u

Google Nexus 10 33.9d, 29d 63d, 29u

Google Nexus 5 81d, 103u 44d, 51u

802.11 Signal Strength

• 80dbm is about the threshhold for good signal

strength.

• 65dbm is recommended for data intensive • 65dbm is recommended for data intensive

sessions.

802.11n Terminology• Spatial multiplexing

• Beamforming.

• MIMO

• Dual band 2.4ghz/ 5ghz

• Spatial streaming - multiple streams of data are sent simultaneously, which increases throughput. sent simultaneously, which increases throughput. Requires more antennas.

Chart source:

Ruckus Wireless

802.11-AC

• Called “VHT” – Very High Throughput

• Operates on 5Ghz only, why?– More channels for bandwidth!

• 80/160mhz channels with 802.11ac

• 256 QAM, but at short distances.

There will be two releases of 802.11-AC. Current releases do not include MU-MIMO, which is the true gigabit Wifi spec.

It is hardware, not software updates to get to the version 2 spec.

Wireless Tools

• Free:– Wifi Analyzer – iPhone or Android App.

• Not the best antennas – vertical or horizontal polarity can be a factor.

– Fing – Wifi Network scanning tool.• An enumeration tool• An enumeration tool

• Pro:– Air Magnet – Air PCAP and Wireshark output

– Channelizer Pro with Wi Spy spectrum analyzer.

Mobile Wireless

Technology Description Throughput Comments

2G GSM Edge Up to 384kpbs

Actual ~ 40kbps

Quad Band GSM

850/900/1800/1900

MHz

3G CDMA 2mbps

3G (HSPA+) UMTS Voice -

W/CDMA

42mbps Known as “4G” for

ATT and T-Mobile W/CDMA ATT and T-Mobile

subscribers.

UMTS

850/900/1700/1900

/2100 MHz

4G LTE IMS Voice

(VoLTE coming soon)

4G LTE data

80Mbps /

Scalable to

higher speeds

LTE

Primarily 700MHz

IEEE 802.15.4 AND ITU G.9959

The Connected Home

The Connected HomePCs, Laptops, Printers

Entertainment

Mobility Home Automation

Source: http://m.eet.com/media/1202350/F1large.jpg

Two related Protocols

• IEEE 802.15.4– Zigbee

• ITU G.9959– Z-Wave

– defines a set of guidelines for sub-1-GHz narrowband wireless devices.

• Both ZigBee and Z-Wave are supporting mesh network topology, which is a strong requirement towards the revolution of “internet of things”.

• With a “Gateway” device, you can control any piece of equipment that has a built-in Z-Wave or Zigbee device. This list includes security systems, Smart Thermostat, your automatic door locks, video surveillance lighting and small appliance controls.

Z-Wave Kits

DYI models:

• Lowe's IRIS • Lowe's IRIS

– Bundles - $299 - SmartKit - gateway - $99, motion detector - $25, two door/window sensors - $20 each -range extender - $30, keypad - $50, smart plug - $30, thermostat - $299, $74 less than individual)

• MiCasaVerde Vera

Z-Wave

• Z-Wave operates in the 900MHz band

• It is proprietary.

• Z-Wave product is limited to 232 devices

• Less interference at the lower frequency, and • Less interference at the lower frequency, and a longer wavelength that more easily penetrates walls and objects.

• Control lights, electrical outlets, fans, shades, drapes, irrigation, thermostats, security systems, door locks

Z-Wave

• Low Powered RF

• Supports data rates up to 100Kbps

• AES encryption, IPv6, multichannel

• No broadband connection needed for local • No broadband connection needed for local control

• Must have at least two devices to start

http://www.z-wavealliance.org/

Z-Wave

• With Mesh Networking, the more devices that are added the better the network becomes.

– Opposite of Wifi

• As devices are added, they automatically join the mesh. mesh.

• They then create the most optimal pathways to send data, with each device able to act as a repeater for other devices.

• Should one device fail, the mesh self-heals, instantly creating a new transmission pathway.

Z-Wave

• Z-Wave Alliance was established in early 2005

by a group of control manufacturers

• Now has support from over 300 companies,

including:including:

– Honeywell, GE, Black & Decker

– Over 1000 devices supported

Z-Wave compatibility

• IRIS and ZWAVE compatibility

Source: http://www.lowes.com/cd_Competitor+Comparison_593210683_

• http://www.lowes.com/cd_Services_9450173

24_

iVera

• https://home.getvera.com/users/login

Demo:Demo:

UN: guest

PW: guest

Vera Packages

• http://shop.getvera.com/SearchResults.asp?Cat=1837

Zigbee

• 802.15.4

– LR-WPANs – low rate wireless personal area

networks.

– low cost, low speed– low cost, low speed

– 30 feet range, 250Kbps

– Operates in the 2.4Ghz range

– A Standardized protocol with very good

interoperability between Manufacturers

– No broadband connection needed for local control

ZigBee

• ZigBee networks can support 65,000 devices

ZigBeeZigBee

http://www.zigbee.org/About/UnderstandingZigBee.aspx

Comparing Zwave and ZigBee

• Home-area networks (HANs)

Source: http://electronicdesign.com/communications/what-s-difference-between-zigbee-and-z-wave

Z vs. Z, cont…Z vs. Z, cont…

http://edn.com/design/analog/4426050/2/The-future-of-home-automation---ZigBee-or-Z-Wave-

Z vs. Z

• What do ADT, ViVINT, AT&T, and Verizon use?

Z-Wave!Z-Wave!

The Walmart Selection

IOS Devices

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_iOS_devi

ces#iPad

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_iOS_devices#iPad

Android Phones

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Nexus_smartphones

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Nexus_tablets

RESIDENTIAL SERVICES GATEWAYS

Routers

RSGs do most everything

• FTTP Access Gateways

– All in one w/Voice

Key RSG Features

• Dual WAN failover mode (supports two ISPs)

• Gigabit WAN ports with VLAN capability.

• Gigabit LAN ports with VLAN capability.

• DMZ – advanced security.• DMZ – advanced security.

• SNMPv2/ v3

• Some Access control list capability.

• TR-69

First Looks at RSGs

• Let’s look at some Home routers and their

features:

http://ui.linksys.comhttp://ui.linksys.com

SMB Router Feature Sets

• Remote Access VPN

• Site to Site VPN

• Security Feature Set

• Load Balancing / WAN failover• Load Balancing / WAN failover

Let’s take a look at a SMB router emulator:

http://www.tp-link.us/support/emulators/

Comparing RSGs

Source: http://www.buffalotech.com/products/wireless

Thank you!