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The Failed State Index, 2011. Taken From: Foreign Policy . 2011. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/17/2011_failed_states_index_interactive_map_and_rankings. What makes a country a “failed state?”. Definition of a “state.”. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Failed State Index, 2011
Taken From: Foreign Policy. 2011. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/06/17/2011_failed_states_index_interactive_map_and_rankings
What makes a country a “failed state?”
Definition of a “state.”
• Set of institutions that successfully create and implement policy.
• Monopoly of the use of force within a defined territory.
• Institutions and government are sovereign.
Strong Weak Failing Failed
Somalia
Chad
Sudan
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Haiti
Failed States Index, 2011
• Nigeria 14th 99.9• Iran 35th 90.2
• China 72nd 80.1• Russia 82nd 77.7• Mexico 93rd 75.1• U.S. 158th 34.8• UK 159th 34.1
• Finland 177th 19.7
“Think Again: Failed States”
• Some can be helped if they are willing to be helped.– Ruthless leaders often prevent.
• Military intervention: sometimes appropriate.– Can remove despots.
• Some states were born to fail.– State boundaries drawn by imperialists (Africa).– Combine multiple ethnicities
“Think Again: Failed States”
• Imperialism and the West: sometimes a factor– Congo: Belgium brutalized people and stripped
resources.– Afghanistan: victim of the Cold War
• Imperialism and the West: sometimes not– Haiti: 200 years since France– Iraq: Initially succeeded after colonization
• Some are ungoverned: Somalia (hapless)• Some are misgoverned: Pakistan/Sudan– Self-destructive policies
Economic Development Strategies
• Import Substitution:– Stimulate domestic industries with tariffs and
other trade barriers.– “substitute imports” with domestic goods.
• Structural Adjustment:– Integrate into global markets through globalization– Currently emphasized by World Bank and
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Financial Institutions
• World Bank– Gives loans and grants to LDCs– Countries contributing the most have the most
influence.• International Monetary Fund– Promotes international monetary cooperation and
currency stability.– Loans based on “conditionality.”• Structural adjustment and other conditions.
THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
• 153 countries– All major economies, but Russia.
• Emphasis on FREE trade• Create and administer trade agreements.