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GCP/RAS/280/JPN
Field Document No. 7/2015
The FAO Regional Training Workshop:
Design and Evaluation of Mycotoxin
Sampling Protocols
11-12 September 2014, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Bangkok, 2015
Support to Capacity Building and Implementation of
International Food Safety Standards in ASEAN Countries
(GCP/RAS/280/JPN)
i
GCP/RAS/280/JPNField Document No. 7/2015
The FAO Regional Training Workshop:
Design and Evaluation of Mycotoxin
Sampling Protocols
11-12 September 2014, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Bangkok, 2015
“Support to Capacity Building and Implementation of
International Food Safety Standards in ASEAN Countries”
(GCP/RAS/280/JPN)
ii
This publication is printed under
The FAO regional projectSupport to Capacity Building and Implementation of
International Food Safety Standards in ASEAN Countries(GCP/RAS/280/JPN)
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product donot imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory,city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this informationproduct. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded andprinted for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercialproducts or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source andcopyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or servicesis not implied in any way.
All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercialuse rights should be addressed to Ms Shashi Sareen, Senior Food Safety and NutritionOfficer and Lead Technical Officer and Mr Makoto Sakashita, Project Coordinator,(GCP/RAS/280/JPN), FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 39 Phra Athit Road,Bangkok 10200, Thailand.
Project information products are available on the project Web site(http://foodsafetyasiapacific.net/)
For copies contact:
Ms Shashi Sareen Mr Makoto SakashitaSenior Food Safety and Nutrition Officer Project CoordinatorFAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific FAO Regional Office for Asia and the PacificMaliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Athit Road Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Athit RoadBangkok 10200 Bangkok 10200Thailand ThailandTel: (662) 6974143 Tel: (662) 6974354Fax: (662) 6974445 Fax: (662) 6974457E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
iii
CONTENTS
Page
Abbreviations and acronyms ........................................................................................ iv
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1
2. Main activities and findings .................................................................................. 2
2.1 Opening session .............................................................................................. 2
2.2 Technical session ............................................................................................. 3
2.2.1 Mycotoxins sampling in food commodities ....................................... 3
2.2.2. FAO sampling tool .............................................................................. 3
2.2.3 Food safety monitoring and surveillance ............................................ 3
2.2.4 Using the tool and practical examples ................................................ 4
2.3 Closing session ................................................................................................ 4
3. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 5
Annexures
Annexure 1 Agenda ........................................................................................... 6
Annexure 2 List of participants ......................................................................... 9
Annexure 3 Welcome and introductory remark by Mr Atsuhiro Meno ............. 14
Annexure 4 Welcome address by Undersecretary Segfredo R. Serrano............ 16
Annexure 5 Welcome message by Dr Rubina O. Cresencio ............................. 18
Annexure 6 Mycotoxin sampling in food commodities .................................... 20
Annexure 7 FAO sampling tool ......................................................................... 28
Annexure 8 Mycotoxins food safety monitoring and surveillance .................... 31
Annexure 9 Practical examples ......................................................................... 50
Annexure10 Evaluation of the training workshop by the participants ............... 54
iv
Abbreviations and acronyms
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
BAFS Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards
BAI Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agriculture, Philippines
DA Department of Agriculture
EC European Commission
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations
FAORAP FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
LGU Local Government Unit
OIC Officer in Charge
RASFF Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed
SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary
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FAO Regional Training Workshop:Design and Evaluation of Mycotoxin Sampling Protocols
(GCP/RAS/280/JPN)
11-12 September 2014, Metropolitan Manila Philippines
1. Introduction
The regional training workshop titled Design and Evaluation of Mycotoxin Sampling Protocols,which is part of the FAO regional project Support to Capacity Building and Implementation ofInternational Food Safety Standards in ASEAN Countries (GCP/RAS/280/JPN), was held on11-12 September 2014 in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines. The five-year regional project waslaunched in December 2011 with financial assistance from the Government of Japan. Theproject’s goal is to strengthen the capacities of ASEAN countries in contributing to Codexstandards-setting and implementing the adopted Codex standards.
Two regional workshops and two regional training courses have so far been conducted underthe project. These are:
• an inception workshop titled Principles and Further Activities for CodexImplementation, held in September 2012 in Bangkok, Thailand;
• a training workshop titled Food Recall and Traceability – Application in NationalFood Safety Control, organized in February 2013 in Chang Mai, Thailand;
• a training course titled Strengthening Capacity of Data Collection and Generation forFood Safety Risk Analysis, conducted in June 2013 in Tokyo, Japan; and
• a training course titled Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria,conducted in November 2013 in Hanoi, Viet Nam.
With the rising concern for food safety, particularly that affecting national and internationaltrade, one of the aspects being monitored is the presence and impact of mycotoxins inagricultural commodities. Mycotoxins are toxic and/or carcinogenic metabolites produced byseveral fungi that can grow on grains, nuts and many other agricultural crops.
FAO has recently developed a mycotoxin sampling tool for designing sampling plans fordifferent mycotoxin/commodity combinations being studied to determine the impacts ofmycotoxin contamination. The sampling tool provides support in analyzing the performance ofsampling plans and determining the most appropriate plan to meet a user’s defined objectivessuch that the user can:
• evaluate the effect of varying sampling plan design parameters, such as sample size,on the performance of the sampling plan; or
• determine the most appropriate mycotoxin sampling plan to minimize the risk ofmisclassifying lots, considering the available resources using the performanceinformation.
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In relation to this, FAORAP has organized a training workshop to ensure the clear understandingand proper use of the tool among stakeholders in ASEAN countries.
The general objective of the training workshop was to enhance the capacity of expected usersof the mycotoxin sampling tool. The specific objectives were as follows:
1. to understand the role of sampling and testing in modern food control;
2. to understand the definition of sampling protocols and the theory of sampling;
3. to understand the specific challenges related to mycotoxins sampling in foodcommodities;
4. to understand the functions and features of FAO’s mycotoxin sampling tool;
5. to enhance the capacity to use the tool through hands-on-training using practicalexamples; and
6. to understand the possible future applications of the tool.
The training workshop was attended by twenty participants from ten ASEAN countries, namelyBrunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines,Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. There were also thirteen observers from the Philippines,one from India and two from Japan.
Two resource speakers – one from the United States and one from the European Union (EU) –were the key presenters during the workshop assisted by the FAO staff. They highlighted thebasic principles of mycotoxin sampling in food commodities, the challenges that need to beaddressed and the key steps in conducting sampling. They also gave basic instructions on howto use the FAO mycotoxin sampling tool. In addition, food safety monitoring and surveillancewere discussed during the training workshop.
The training workshop methodology consisted of lectures and practice of using the tool,including hands-on-training through practical examples.
The agenda and the list of participants are given in Annexure 1 and Annexure 2 respectively.
2. Main activities and findings
2.1 Opening session
The welcome and introductory remarks were provided by Mr Atsuhiro Meno of FAORAP. Heexplained the project’s activities, including the results of previous workshops and trainingcourses and clarified the objectives and background of the present training workshop afterexpressing his appreciation for the generous contribution of BAFS, Department of Agricultureof Philippines for organizing the workshop.
Mr Segfredo R. Serrano, Undersecretary for Policy and Regulations, gave the welcome addressemphasizing various food safety concerns as well as the significance of food in providingnourishment to the human body. Dr Rubina O. Cresencio, Director of the Bureau of AnimalIndustry, delivered the welcome message mentioning the implementation of the mycotoxincontrol programme in the Department of Agriculture and mentioning her expectations withrespect to the outcomes of the training workshop.
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Full texts of the aforementioned messages are in Annexures 3, 4 and 5.
Mr Meno explained the components and schedule of the two-day programme and asked allparticipants to make brief self-introductions before commencing the lecture sessions.
2.2 Technical session
2.2.1 Mycotoxins sampling in food commodities
Mr Andrew Slate, research professional, North Carolina Slate University, United States, startedthe technical session of the training workshop by elucidating the challenges being encounteredin detecting mycotoxin concentration in a certain commodity involving both the seller andbuyer. He mentioned that variability in the mycotoxin test procedure could lead to two types oflots misclassification: a) possible rejection of good lots – called seller’s risk and b) possibleacceptance of bad lots – called buyer’s risk. Mr Slate demonstrated that in order to determinewhether a certain lot will pass the standard set for the mycotoxin level, a lot sample should betaken wherein its mycotoxin level will be compared to the established standard. He alsohighlighted the importance of sampling protocol establishment as the commonly obtainedvarying values of test results could be greatly affected by the said protocol.
The following, he explained, are included in the plan elements: a) test procedure includinglaboratory sample, sample preparation and analytical method; and b) acceptance/rejection limit.In his explanation, he iterated that biases should be avoided particularly in sample collection asit is considered to be a large source of testing variability. He suggested that this could be donethrough representative sampling in a random selection process, ensuring that every kernel hasan equal chance of being chosen.
Mr Slate emphasized that a comminuted laboratory sample should be homogenous in order toobtain a representative test portion reducing variability of the outcome. He concluded thatseveral methodologies could be carried out in order to reduce uncertainty on the valuescomputed such as increasing sample size, using a finer grind, increasing the test portion size,increasing the number of measurements and improving the technology (see Annexure 6 for thepresentation).
2.2.2 FAO sampling tool
In the next part of the technical session, Mr Slate presented the FAO mycotoxin sampling tooland guided the participants in using it. He also demonstrated methods that can be applied insampling plan design parameters in order to reduce the risks associated with the tool. Inconclusion he explained that a sampling design is a compromise between cost and risk(see Annexure 7 for the full presentation).
2.2.3 Food safety monitoring and surveillance
Dr Frans Verstraete, European Commission (EC), through a video conference call sharedpractices and principles regulating mycotoxins in feed and food.
He informed the participants that the principles and requirements regarding regulatingmycotoxins follow a “farm to fork” approach whereby all stages of the production, processing
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and distribution of food and also feed produced being fed to food-producing animals arecovered. He stressed that a high level of protection for human and animal health has to bepursued since the free movement of food compliant with EU legislation is being practiced.
International standards are being used as references as well as the principle of risk analysiswhose interconnected components are risk assessment, risk management and riskcommunication. Furthermore, pending further scientific information needed for a morecomprehensive risk assessment the EU uses the precautionary principle that provides provisionalrisk management measures for identified possible harmful effects on health.
Dr Verstraete continued his discussion by enumerating several challenges encountered in theenforcement of feed and food mycotoxins regulations that include: a) the development ofadequate sampling procedures that are representative and feasible with heterogeneous aggregatesfor large size batches and sampling uncertainty; and b) measurement of uncertainty on theconfirmatory and screening methods of analyses. He also indicated that in the EU the threevalues being used are maximum levels, guidance values and indicative values.
In order to help the participants better understand the sampling strategy, Dr Verstraete gaveseveral sampling procedures including sample collection, sample preparation and laboratoryanalysis. He added that non-compliance of a consignment is considered if the analytical result,corrected for recovery, exceeds the maximum level taking into account the measurementuncertainty.
Dr Verstraete explained the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). He told theparticipants that RASFF findings help serve as a driving force for new legislation in the EU asthis acts as the basis for safeguarding the measures and frequency of inspections. He explainedthat the effectiveness of the enforcement of legislation and regulations regarding sampling andanalysis is ensured through a plan-do-check-act cycle (see Annexure 8 for the full presentation).
2.2.4 Using the tool and practical examples
For better appreciation and understanding of the FAO mycotoxin tool, Dr Slate provided severalexamples for the participants. In his presentation he briefly mentioned several aflatoxin studiesconducted on the basis of risk categories, sorting efficiency, sampling statistics and marketmodel. After this, he gave a series of practical exercises to the participants to familiarize themwith the use of the said tool. He further highlighted that the effect of sample size is verysignificant and adjusting the sample size may greatly affect the probability of having favorableresults (see Annexure 9 for the full presentation).
2.3 Closing session
During the concluding session Mr Meno presented the participants’ evaluation of the trainingcourse. Many participants positively evaluated the quality of faculty and the result of thetraining course. Some participants pointed out that additional time should have been allotted forthe hands-on-training with actual examples. Unfortunately, questionnaires were collected beforethe hands-on-training session of the afternoon of the last day and the results might have beendifferent had this been otherwise.
Mr Slate replied to some technical queries described in the questionnaires such as the plan for
5
small packages or other microbial aspects. Mr Meno expressed his intention to share usefulinformation raised during the training with officials in headquarters including requests for newmycotoxin/commodity combinations and fixing technical bugs in the system.
Registered participants from ASEAN countries were given a certificate of completion of thetraining course.
The details of the questionnaire are given in Annexure 10.
3. Conclusions
At the end of the training workshop, the general and specific objectives were achieved and theoverall outcomes were the following:
a. Participants were able to improve their understanding on the importance of samplingprocedures and their effect on detecting the presence of mycotoxins.
b. The group was able to appreciate the use of the FAO mycotoxin sampling tool andits advantages in designing a sampling strategy and in decision-making.
c. The majority of participants recommended that the workshop be improved byextending the length of time to discuss the topics covered more extensively.
6
Agenda of the training workshop
Thursday 11 September
108:00-08:30 Registration
08:30-09:00 Opening session (Agenda Item 1)
Welcome and Introductory remark
Mr Atsuhiro Meno, Project Coordinator, FAO Regional Office for Asia andthe Pacific
Welcome Address
Undersecretary Segfredo R. Serrano
Undersecretary for Policy and Planning
Department of Agriculture, Philippines
Welcome Message
Dr Rubina O. Cresencio, OIC-Executive Director
Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI)
Department of Agriculture, Philippines
Photo session
09:00-09:15 Introduction (Agenda Item 2)
Objective of the training workshop
Introduction of participants and faculties
Mr Atsuhiro Meno
09:15-10:05 Session I: Mycotoxins sampling in food commodities (Agenda Item 3)
• Why mycotoxins sampling is challenging?
• What are the key steps in mycotoxins sampling?
➣ Define sampling protocol
➣ Sample Selection
➣ Uncertainty
➣ Misclassification of lots
Mr Andrew Slate, Research professional, North Carolina Slate University,USA
10:05-10:20 Coffee break
10:20-11:00 Questions and answers – Open discussion
Annexure 1
7
11:00-12:10 Session II: FAO Mycotoxin Sampling Tool (Agenda Item 4)
• Present the tool’s functions and features
Tab 1 – Manual
Tab 2 – Edit Plans
Tab 3 – Chart Results
Mr Andrew Slate
12:20-14:00 Lunch
14:00-15:30 Food Safety monitoring and surveillance (Agenda Item 5)
• Food Safety monitoring and surveillance system
– how national authority to carry out monitoring system and set upsurveillance system
• Role of sampling in Food Safety monitoring and surveillance
– systematic collection, collation, analysis and interpretation of data ineffective surveillance systems
Dr Frans Verstraete, European Commission(by videoconference)
15:30-15:45 Coffee break
15:45-16:30 Session II: FAO Mycotoxin Sampling Tool (Agenda Item 6)
• Present the tool’s functions and features
-Continued-
Tab 4 – Table Results
Tab 5 – Plan Summary
Tab 6 – Export to EXCEL
Mr Andrew Slate
16:30-17:00 Questions and answers – Open discussion
Friday 12 September
09:00-10:30 Session III: Using the Tool (Agenda Item 7)
• How the tool can be used to adjust sample design parameters to reducerisks of misclassifying lots?
➣ Sample size
➣ Number of samples
➣ Accept/reject limit relative to the Maximum Limit
Mr Andrew Slate
10:30-10:45 Coffee Break
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10:45-11:00 Session IV: Practical Examples (Agenda Item 8)
• Effect on Mycotoxin Removal from Food Supply
• Effect on Monitoring and Surveillance
➣ Codex – Tree nuts – 3 x 10 g < 10 ppb
➣ EU – Figs – 3 x 10 kg < 10 ppb
➣ GIPSA – Shelled corn – 1 x 5 kg < 20 ppb
Mr Andrew Slate
11:00-12:00 Questions and answers – Open discussion
12:00-13:00 Lunch
13:00-15:00 Session V: Practical Examples (Agenda Item 9)
• What the tool could eventually could do in the future
• What will be needed to expand the tool functionalities (ee data etc.)
Mr Andrew Slate
15:00-15:45 Closing session (Agenda Item 10)
• Conclusion and Award of Certificate
Mr Atsuhiro Meno
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
INDONESIA
5. ERNA RIYANTI WARDHANIHead of Section on Estate Crops andLivestockDirectorate Quality and Standardization,Directorate General Processing andMarketing of Agriculture Product.Ministry of Agriculture Republic of IndonesiaD Building, 3rd Floor, JI. Harsono RM No. 3Ragunan, Jakarta SelatanTel: +6221 7815380 ext. 5310Fax: +6221 7811468E-mail: [email protected]
6. ANDI WIBOWOFood InspectorDeputy for Food Safety and HazardousSubstance ControlDirectorate For Food Inspection andCertification, National Agency for Drug andFood ControlJI. Percetakan Negara No. 23 Gedung F,Lantai 2 Jakarta Pusat 10560Tel: +62 21 4241781
+62 81 1999365Fax:+62 21 4241781E-mail: [email protected]
LAO PDR
7. KHONESAVANH CHITTARATHPlant pathologistPlant Protection Center, Department ofAgriculture, Ministry of Agriculture andForestryPlant Protection Center, Nahai Village,Hatxaiphong District, Vientiane CapitalTel: +856 21 812164Fax: +856 21 214015E-mail: [email protected]
Annexure 2
BRUNEI
1. HAJI MOHAMMAD RAHMAT HJSUHAILIFisheries Licensing OfficerDivision Biosecurity,Ministry of Industry of Primary Resources,Fish landing complex Muara, JabatanPerikanan, jalan perusahaan serasa, BT1728Tel: +673 8 725 207/2 773 155Fax: +673 2 774 260E-mail: [email protected]
2. PENGIRAN MOHAMAD RETAUDDINBIN PENGIRAN HAJI ABD. RAZAKJunior Assistant AgricultureDepartment of Agriculture and Agrifood,Old Airport, Brunei BB3510Tel: +673 2 388 075/76Fax: +673 2 388 011E-mail: [email protected]
CAMBODIA
3. CHYSIN HENGDeputy Director of Industrial LaboratoryCentre of CambodiaInstitute of Standard of Cambodia (ISC)Ministry of Industry and HandicraftPhum Boeung Chhouk,Sangkat Kilometre No. 6,Khan Russeykeo, Phnom PenhTel: +855 12 249141E-mail: [email protected]
4. CHEA EAK KHIMDeputy LabCAMCONTROLMinistry of Commerce# 50, Str. 144; Phsar Kandal-1, Daun-PenhTel: +855 92 722566E-mail: [email protected]
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8. DOUANGCHAY MALYVANHHead of Food DivisionFood and Drug Quality Control Center,Ministry of HealthFood and Drug Quality Control Center,Khouvieng road, Sisattanak districtVientiane capitalTel: +856 21 217284Fax: +856 21 217503E-mail: [email protected]
MALAYSIA
9. S . GOVINDASAMY A/L GSUBRAMANIAMPrincipal Assistant Director/Senior FoodTechnologistFood Safety and Quality DivisionMinistry of HealthLevel 3, Block E7, Parcel E,Federal Government Administrative Centre62590 PutrajayaTel: +603 88833517Fax: +603 88893815E-mail: [email protected],
10. ABDUL HAKIM BIN ABDUL KARIMFisheries OfficerDepartment of Fisheries Pesak State Ministryof AgricultureDOF Perak, 8th Floor, Islam Darul RidzuanComplex, Jalan Panglima Bukit GantangWahab, 30628 Ipoh, PerakTel: +605 2554637Fax: +605 2554955E-mail: [email protected],
MYANMAR
11. THIN SU KYAWMedical TechnologistDepartment of Food and Drug AdministrationMinistry of HealthNo. (35), Minn Kyaung Street, DagonTownship, Yangon.Tel: +95 1 377028Fax: +95 1 377028E-mail: [email protected]
12. WAR WAR OOLaboratory OfficerDepartment of Food and Drug Administration,Mandalay Ministry of Health35 st, between 65-66 st, MandalayTel: +95 96500285
+95 9254324659Fax: +95 262118E-mail: [email protected]
PHILIPPINES
13. PHELAN G. APOSTOLFood Drug Regulation Officer IIFood and Drug Administration (FDA)Tel: +632 8571948E-mail: [email protected]
14. DIANA P. BELOOIC- Aflatoxin LaboratoryBureau of Animal IndustryTel: +632 9266883E-mail: [email protected]
SINGAPORE
15. LIM KAR CHENSenior Executive ManagerAgri-Food & Veterinary Authority ofSingapore5 Maxwell Road #02-00 Tower Block MNDComplex Singapore 069110Tel: +65 6325 7684E-mail: [email protected]
16. PNG LUQIANGSenior Executive ManagerAgri-Food & Veterinary Authority ofSingapore10 Perahu Road 718837Tel: +65 6795 2848Fax: +65 6861 2775E-mail: [email protected]
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THAILAND
17. VIRACHNEE LOHACHOOMPOLStandards OfficerMinistry of Agriculture and Cooperatives50 Paholyothin Rd., Ladyao, ChatuchakBangkokTel: +662 561 2277 ext.1425Fax: +662 561 3357E-mail: [email protected]
18. NANTHANA SUWANPETFood and Drug AdministrationBureau of Food, Food and DrugAdministrationMinistry of Public HealthTiwanon Road, Muang, NonthaburiTel: +662 590 7212Fax: +662 591 8462E-mail: [email protected]
VIET NAM
19. TRAN SONHead of LaboratoryNational Institute for Food ControlMinistry of Health,13 Phan Huy Chu, Hoan Kiem districtHanoiTel: +84 43 9728880Fax: +84 43 9716140E-mail: [email protected]
20. HUONG LE LANOfficialNational Agro– Forestry– Fisheries QualityAssurance DepartmentMinistry of Agriculture & Rural Development10 Nguyen Cong Hoan, Ba DinhHanoiTel: +84 43 7712574Fax: +84 43 8317221E-mail: [email protected]
RESOURCE PERSONS
21. ANDREW SLATEResearch AssistantNorth Carolina State University, USATel: +1 919 515 6735Fax: +1 919 515 6760E-mail: [email protected]
22. FRANS VERSTRAETEDirectorate General for Health andConsumers, Unit E3: Chemicals,Contaminants and PesticidesEuropean CommissionRue du Froissart 101 (F101-4/56)B-1049 Brussels/BelgiumTel: +32 2 295 6359E-mail: [email protected]
PHILIPPINES SECREATARIAT
23. ISRAEL Q. DELA CRUZOIC-Chief Science Research SpecialistBureau of Agriculture and FisheriesStandards (BAFS)Department of AgricultureBPI Compound, Visayas AvenueDiliman, Quezon City 1101Tel: +632 4552858Fax: +632 4552858E-mail: [email protected]
24. FARLASH D. PANCHOResearch Assistant IIBureau of Agriculture and FisheriesStandards (BAFS)Department of AgricultureBPI Compound, Visayas AvenueDiliman, Quezon City 1101Tel: +632 4552858Fax: +632 4552858E-mail: [email protected]
25. HAZEL ANN L. ILAGANResearch Assistant IIBureau of Agriculture and FisheriesStandards (BAFS)Department of AgricultureBPI Compound, Visayas AvenueDiliman, Quezon City 1101Tel: +632 4552858Fax: +632 4552858E-mail: [email protected]
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26. JERSON RAPHAEL A. BONTOGONResearch Assistant IIBureau of Agriculture and FisheriesStandards (BAFS)Department of AgricultureBPI Compound, Visayas AvenueDiliman, Quezon City 1101Tel: +632 4552858Fax: +632 4552858E-mail: [email protected]
FAORAP
27. ATSUHIRO MENORegional Project CoordinatorFAO Regional Office for Asia and the PacificMaliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Athit RoadBangkok 10200Tel: +662 6974354Fax: +662 6974477E-mail: [email protected]
28. LUISA KOSAISAEVEEProject AssistantFAO Regional Office for Asia and the PacificMaliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Athit RoadBangkok 10200Tel: +662 6974355Fax: +662 6974477E-mail: [email protected]
OBSERVERS
PHILIPPINES
29. ARLENE F. TANSECODivision Chief IIINational Food Authority (NFA)7/F Sugar Center BuildingNorth Avenue, DilimanQuezon City 1101Tel: +632 9292126Fax: +632 9289474E-mail: [email protected]
30. JUDITH A. MANAHANSenior Research SpecialistNational Food Authority – Food DevelopmentCenter (NFA-FDC)Corner DBP and FTI Avenue FTI ComplexTaguig CityTel: +632 8384478Fax: +632 8384692E-mail: [email protected]
31. MERCEDITA S. URRUTIASenior AgriculturistLaboratory Services DivisionBureau of Animal Industry (BAI)Department of AgricultureVisayas AvenueDiliman, Quezon City 1101Tel: +63 9399309196Fax: +632 9281022E-mail: [email protected]
32. MARIA THERESA C. CORPUZChemist IIILaboratory Services DivisionBureau of Plant Industry (BPI)692 San Andres, Malate, ManilaTel: +632 3537042E-mail: [email protected]
33. MARY GRACE R. MANDIGMAOIC-Chief Science Research SpecialistBureau of Agricultural and FisheriesStandards (BAFS)Department of AgricultureBPI Compound, Visayas AvenueDiliman, Quezon City 1101Tel: +632 4566552Fax: +632 4566552E-mail: [email protected]
34. ALPHA P. MATEOScience Research Specialist IIBureau of Agricultural and FisheriesStandards (BAFS)Department of AgricultureBPI Compound, Visayas AvenueDiliman, Quezon City 1101Tel: +632 4550031Fax: +632 4552858E-mail: [email protected]
13
35. IBRAHIM A. RACMATScience Research Specialist IIBureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Standards(BAFS)Department of AgricultureBPI Compound, Visayas AvenueDiliman, Quezon City 1101Tel: +63 9272461777E-mail: [email protected]
36. EDRALINA P. SERRANOProfessor 5Postharvest Horticulture Training andResearch CenterUniversity of the PhilippinesLos BañosTel: +63 9195193724Fax: +63 495363138E-mail: [email protected]
37. ROLANDO B. GOMEZAssistant Division ChiefNational Food Authority (NFA)7/F Sugar Center BuildingNorth Avenue, DilimanQuezon City 1101Tel: +632 9292126Fax: +632 9289474E-mail: [email protected]
38. MARIA CELESTE M. BAROÑAResearch SpecialistNational Food Authority –Food Development CenterFTI Complex, Taguig City, PhilippinesTel: +632 8384478Fax: +632 8384017E-mail: [email protected]
39. GRETCHEN MAY P. OCAMPOTechnical StaffNational Corn Competitiveness Board2nd Floor Bureau of Soils and WaterManagement BuildingVisayas Avenue, Quezon City 1101Tel: +632 3326168Fax: +632 3326168E-mail: [email protected]
40. MARIA JESSAMAE S. ALCALAChemist ISugar Regulatory AdministrationNorth Avenue, DilimanQuezon City 1101Tel: +632 4558887E-mail: [email protected]
INDIA
41. SATISH CHANDRA SHUKLAAssistant DirectorExport Inspection CouncilMinistry of Commerce & IndustryGovernment of IndiaPilot Test House, E3-MIDCAndheri-east, Mumbai, IndiaTel: +91 22 28363401Fax: +91 22 28369868E-mail: [email protected]
JAPAN
42. MASAYUKI ODASection Chief,Food Safety and Consumer Policy Division,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau,Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries1-2-1 Kasumigaseki Chiyoda-kuTokyo 100-8950Tel: +81 3 3502 8731Fax: +81 3 3597 0329E-mail: [email protected]
43. TOSHIAKI YAMATASenior Analyst,Feed Analysis II Division,Fertilizer & Feed Inspection DepartmentFood and Agricultural MaterialsInspection CenterTel: +81 50 3797 1859Fax: +81 48 601 1179E-mail: [email protected]
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Welcome and introductory remark
Mr Atsuhiro Meno,
Project Coordinator,FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Undersecretary Segfredo R. Serrano, Undersecretary for Policy and PlanningDepartment of Agriculture, Philippines;
Dr Rubina O. Cresencio, Official International Contact (OIC)-Executive Director, Bureau ofAnimal Industry (BAI), Department of Agriculture, Philippines;participants; resource persons; ladies and gentlemen:
On behalf of FAORAP, I take great pleasure in welcoming you to the FAO Regional TrainingWorkshop titled Design and Evaluation of Mycotoxin Sampling Protocols. This workshop isorganized under the Japanese funded FAO project Support to Capacity Building andImplementation of International Food Safety Standards in ASEAN Countries (GCP/RAS/280/RAS).
At the outset, I would like to express my great appreciation for the generous contribution of theGovernment of the Philippines for hosting this training workshop in this dynamic city,including the excellent arrangements of this meeting venue and logistics. At the same time,I would like to express my gratitude to the Government of Japan for funding the project.
Food safety and quality, including consumer protection against food fraud have major health,social and economic implications. The role of Codex standards in the area of food safety, as youare aware, has become very important with the advancement of globalization, tradeliberalization and the establishment of the WTO and signing of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS) Agreement, which references Codex documents as the baseline for the purpose of humanhealth.
Recognizing these important food safety and Codex standards, the FAO regional projectSupport to Capacity Building and Implementation of International Food Safety Standards inASEAN Countries GCP/RAS/280/JPN was launched in December 2011 as a five-year regionalproject for strengthening the capacities of ASEAN countries in contributing to Codexstandards-setting and implementing the adopted Codex standards.
The project has already organized two regional workshops, two training courses and onenational training workshop. These have contributed to enhancing knowledge on risk analysisincluding food recall and traceability in food safety emergencies and to the development andimplementation of international food safety standards.
One of the training events which was held in Tokyo last year related to capacity on datacollection/generation with knowledge on data analysis, sampling and quality assurance ofmonitoring/surveillance data. This led to capacity enhancement of participants for preparingreliable and robust data, which are required for international standard setting activities as wellas national standard setting. During that training course some participants requested to have
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more opportunity to enhance their knowledge using more specific examples or scenarios forapplying in real situations.
In addition, the training course on Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteriawas held in November 2013 in Hanoi and was designed to enhance the knowledge ofmicrobiological criteria and capacity for establishment and application of Revised Principlesand Guidelines for the Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria for Foods.
Ladies and gentlemen,
as you are aware FAO has recently developed a mycotoxin sampling tool for designingsampling plans for different mycotoxin/commodity combinations regarding the impacts ofmycotoxin contamination. It is important to be able to detect and quantify mycotoxinconcentration in foods and feeds destined for human and animal consumption and remove lotsfrom the supply chain when the estimated lot concentration exceeds maximum levelsestablished by the food/feed regulatory agencies.
This mycotoxin sampling tool provides support in analyzing the performance of sampling plansand determining the most appropriate plan to meet a user’s defined objectives, such asevaluating the effect of varying sampling plan design parameters on the performance of thesampling plan or determining the most appropriate mycotoxin sampling plan to minimize riskof misclassifying lots taking into account available resources. Interest in adapting andeffectively using this tool has been raised in many ASEAN countries.
With this background, the training course on Design and Evaluation of Mycotoxin SamplingProtocols is being held to enhance understanding and strengthen the capacity for proper use ofthe mycotoxin sampling protocols.
This training course has the following specific objectives:
1) to understand the role of sampling and testing in modern food control;
2) to understand the definition of sampling protocol and the theory of sampling;
3) to understand the specific challenges related to mycotoxins sampling in foodcommodities;
4) to understand functions and features of the FAO mycotoxin sampling tool;
5) to enhance the capacity to use the tool through hands-on-training using practicalexamples; and
6) to understand the possibility of future application of the tool.
This course will enable participants to understand the basic concept of sampling and testing infood control and to learn the contents of the sampling protocol, how to use the tool by hands-on-training and future applications of the tool.
To conclude, I would once again like to thank the Government of the Philippines for hostingthis training and the governments of the ASEAN countries for their active cooperation incarrying out the project activities including this training workshop. Last but not least, I thank allthe participants for their presence and hope they will find the training useful.
Thank you
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Welcome address
Undersecretary Segfredo R. SerranoUndersecretary for Policy and PlanningDepartment of Agriculture, Philippines
On behalf of the Department of Agriculture
Welcome to the Philippines!
When I looked at the invitation from our colleagues from the Bureau of Agriculture andFisheries Standards, I realized that this was to be a very technical meeting. I recalled that myvery few instances of encountering mycotoxin issues were when I was studying Animal Scienceas part of my bachelor’s degree in Agriculture, I took courses in Animal Nutrition, wheremycotoxins, particularly aflatoxin, are very important.
Also, I did realize later, that I am going to be dealing with mycotoxins when I was dealing withtrade issues. Some of our products have been detained in the EU and some of our other tradingpartners have issues primarily regarding mycotoxins. So it is very important to be familiar withthese technical issues. And last year, the Congress of the Philippines, the legislative branch ofthe government, passed a consolidated Food Safety Law for which we are struggling toformulate rules and regulations and here again we are encountering a lot of technical issues, asare of course other government agencies dealing with food safety.
The issue of food safety for some is just something that is mentioned in the newspapers or insome political speeches. To those of us have worked in the government, particularly in theagriculture or health ministries, dealing with food security issues and food production issues isnot just a matter of producing enough food or having sufficient supplies. The food that isavailable to our population, to our citizens, must be safe. If food does not pass our safetystandards, it puts a double prejudice on the food security of the country.
Well you might have alleviated hunger, but if people become sick or problems occur because offood, the primary purpose of which in the affairs of state and society is not only to nourish butto help nurture the human body, is lost. It is very important for us to make sure that especiallythe next generation is properly nourished.
Food safety is very important. I notice in many societies that food safety sometimes isa peripheral issue. The more important issues are how much food is available, how much islocally produced, to what extent are societies self-sufficient? I think FAO has done a lot to raisethe issue of food safety as an important component of food security. In fact, nutritional securityis a very important aspect of any food security programme.
You are going to tackle a very technical aspect of food safety. I was told that you are going totackle a sampling tool. In fact, I took an advanced course in sampling theory. I was reallysurprised when my graduate committee prescribed a sampling theory course for me, but it wasa very important and useful course. Just yesterday, I was meeting with a group of inspectors andthe issue of sampling design came up in our discussion. I was able to recall everything that was
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taught to me during my undergraduate and PhD studies, especially the importance of using anappropriate sampling design.
Because when I was told that they did a simple random sampling and when I looked at thesample size, I realized that the sample size would be because they will not be able to adjust thedesign to certain parameters. Therefore, the importance of the sample size must be adequate tomeet the level of confidence. Of course, there are some who are totally precautionary anddemand a very high level of safety. In fact 100 percent safety. But total coverage isprohibitively costly in most cases. That is something we realize in situations when we aredealing with food safety or the safety of other products. Likewise, precision is extremelyimportant. I believe that this workshop will provide you with a sampling method with a certainlevel of precision. I expect that all of you will analyze what is going to be propounded to youby your resource speaker. Try to determine if it is appropriate for the purposes of our respectivecountries. I presume that the sampling tool of FAO has undergone to a lot of development andtesting. It will be a very good thing to understand and use it.
So again, I would like to thank you for coming here. I am very glad that you arrived safely herein Manila. You are very lucky there is a very fine weather at this time. There is not much rain.There is still heavy traffic. Traffic jams are very famous in this city. I came from a distance ofabout 72 kilometers, so you can imagine I had to leave very early this morning.
I hope you will able to interact a lot with each other and exchange some notes on yourexperiences. In the ASEAN community harmonization is very important for us as well. Wehave a lot of initiatives in harmonization to facilitate trade as well as to ensure that we move asone. ASEAN is one. I hope that you will be able to carry something valuable back to your owncountry from this workshop.
I also hope you arrive safely to be reunited with your families, colleagues and your friends.
Good day to all of you!
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Welcome message
Dr Rubina O. Cresencio, Officer-in-Charge (OIC)-Executive Director
Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI)Department of Agriculture, Philippines
Distinguished participants,
ladies and gentlemen:
It is a pleasure to welcome every one of you this morning to the Training Workshop on Designand Evaluation of Mycotoxin Sampling Protocols.
As part of the FAO-ASEAN-Japan regional project titled Support to Capacity Building andImplementation of International Food Safety Standards in ASEAN Countries GCP/RAS/280/JPN, today’s training workshop seeks to enhance our knowledge on sampling and testing inmodern food control, mycotoxin sampling in food commodities, and the application of the FAOmycotoxin sampling tool.
Ensuring food safety has been a major focus of international and national action over the lastyears. Microbial and chemical hazards have been identified as being of major concern, and oneof these is food or feed contamination caused by mycotoxins.
As you may be aware, mycotoxins are a group of compounds produced by some strains ofcertain fungi produced on agricultural produce often from farm, during processing and storageup to the dining table. These fungal metabolites are capable of producing acute toxic or chroniccarcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic or enterogenic responses in animals.
Mycotoxins are generally odourless and colourless to the naked eye, hence are quite difficult toobserve. However, when an already mouldy meal is washed “clean” and made ready forconsumption, the meal (may) still remain unwholesome.
When a mycotoxin-contaminated meal is consumed repeatedly, disorders in vital organs of thebody and immunosuppression are expressed. Aside from this, among the economic andnutritional implications of mycotoxin contamination of foods and feeds include reduced exportvalue, increased consumer cost, and less nutritious food and feedstuff. Common agriculturalcommodities contaminated with mycotoxins include: peanuts, cottonseed, corn, rice, soya,wheat, copra, sorghum, barley, cocoa and coffee.
Mycotoxin contamination has resulted in trade disputes and bans across nations. Hence,awareness and adoption of appropriate management and control measures are necessary.
Our agency, the Bureau of Animal Industry in the Philippines has long recognized this issue andhence has an official control system to ensure feed safety.
In addition to our regulatory powers, we are also implementing the mycotoxin controlprogramme to increase mycotoxin awareness among corn, peanut and coconut growers,
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livestock producers and feed millers. Moreover this programme has also sought to establishquality control for feeds and feed ingredients and formulate an effective, economical andpractical method for the control of mycotoxins in animal feed.
Moreover, our Corn Program through the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standardsconducts the National Quality Corn Achievers Award in order to recognize the achievement oftop performing local government units (LGUs) in producing quality corn in support of thedevelopment of the corn industry. This activity also aims to encourage strong Department ofAgriculture (DA)-LGU partnership in the production of quality corn and enhance awareness ofthe LGUs to the programme and activities of the DA. The National Quality Corn AchieversAwards evaluates, validates and tests the produce of corn farms during the planting andharvesting season.
To all the participants, I am sure that you realize that you have a very crucial role in ensuringthe quality and safety of the feed provided to our food animals, which in turn we eat to nourishour bodies.
In closing, and on behalf of the BAI, I would like to express my appreciation to the FAO andBAFS for conducting this training workshop. Indeed, I am positive that today’s activity will bevery useful in “sharpening” the knowledge we have on hand. To our ASEAN delegates andfriends, may you have a pleasant stay in the Philippines.
More power, mabuhay and may God bless us all!
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Annexure 10
Evaluation of the training workshop by the participants
1. How do you evaluate the quality of the training course in general?
Excellent Very Good Adequate Poor Very Poor
a. Subject coverage 13 15 3
b. Material and handouts 10 20 1
c. Organization of the Programme 12 18 1
d. Technical inputs by experts 13 16 2
2. How do you evaluate the quality of each subject in the training course?
Excellent Very Good Adequate Poor Very Poor
a. Mycotoxins sampling in foodcommodities 4 15 2
b. FAO mycotoxins sampling tool 10 19 2
c. Food safety monitoring and surveillance 6 16 5
d. Using the FAO mycotoxin sampling tool 15 12 2
e. Practical examples
• effect on mycotoxin removal fromfood supply 10 15 3 1
• Effect on monitoring andsurveillance
f. Practical examples 5 19 2
• Possibility of future application
ii) Enhanced understanding of the definition of sampling.
YES 31
NO
YES 30
NO
iii) Enhanced understanding of the specific challenges related to mycotoxins sampling in foodcommodities.
YES 29
NO
3. Have the following objectives set forth for the training course been achieved?
i) Enhanced understanding of the role of sampling and testing in modern food control.
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iv) Enhanced understanding of functions and features of the FAO mycotoxin sampling tool.
v) Enhanced capacity to use the tool through hands-on-training using practical examples.
vi) Enhanced understanding of the possibility of future application of the tool.
YES 30
NO
YES 29
NO 1
YES 30
NO
4. Based on the conduct of the training workshop are you in a position toaccomplish the following tasks:
i) use the tool for sampling under actual monitoring and surveillance conditions in yourcountry.
YES 25
NO 5
ii) develop or implement future application of the tool.
YES 24
NO 6
Other Not nowcomment (2)
5. If the answers to the above questions are negative, what are the additionalaspects that need to be covered/your suggestions for improvements?
Some specific suggestions were:
➢ provide a sampling tool to use in monitoring microbial contents such as yeast, mould andsome bacteria;
➢ provide tools for mycotoxin sampling for ground nutmeg and aflatoxin M1 for milk;
➢ mycotoxin sampling tool needs to include more commodities that can be contaminatedwith mycotoxins such as nutmeg. Explanations concerning the regulation of samplingmethod from Codex, European Commission Directorate and others;
➢ the workshop should be at least three days to go in depth during practical sessions;
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➢ need to be include field exposure for better understanding;
➢ focus on specific problems using the sampling tool;
➢ more practice on participants’ side before using the tool for actual monitoring; and
➢ more information on how to separate infected feeds from those that are not infected.
6. Any suggestions on how the training course needs to be improved
➢ should include active sampling and analyses;
➢ hands-on-exercise for getting sample from lot;
➢ wider conference room and milder air conditioning;
➢ more practical examples or exercises to practice the use of the tool;
➢ to include information about mycotoxin in yellow rice;
➢ how to carry out sampling in the market, especially for small packages of only 1kg ina plastic bag. In cases where aflatoxin is found in the sample, how to destroy it (themechanism of destroying it);
➢ add aflatoxin of chili in mycotoxin sampling tool (version 1.1);
➢ video conference should be replaced or improved as not as effective as face-to-facecommunication;
➢ need for at least 1 week comprehensive training course to make it easier to understand thetopic or course material;
➢ more commodities covered such as spices and processed food;
➢ hands-on-sampling procedure for mycotoxin be included in the training. How to developand design the tools (sampling) also included in training programme;
➢ training needs more time (duration 3 or 4 days) and should include practice of sampling inthe field to apply the sampling design that has been developed;
➢ more lively discussion and more involvement or participation of delegates;
➢ this training course should focus specifically on food safety;
➢ actual hands-on-training is necessary; and
➢ I would like if possible practical work in the laboratory to be included.
