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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
112TH ANNUAL MEETING
of
THE FLORIDA STATE
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
Library of Congress Catalogue No. 9-1702**
Held at
Indian River Plantation
Marriott Resort
Stuart, Florida
October 31 to November 2, 1999
**This Library of Congress number is on-going, having been assigned to these Proceedings in 1909.
FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
Board of Directors
1999
Dr. David W. Buchanan, President, 1999
Hawthorne
CHAIRMAN, BOARD
Dr. Larry Beasley
Oviedo
SECRETARY
J. David martsolf, Jr.
Gainesville
PROGRAM COORDINATOR
Jacqueline K. Burns
Lake Alfred
SECTIONAL VICE PRESIDENTS
TREASURER
Norman Todd
LaBelle
CITRUS
Michael J. Stewart
Venus
KROME MEMORIAL
Ian M. Wedderspoon
Miami
HANDLING AND PROCESSING
Michael T. Talbot
Gainesville
VEGETABLES
Charles S. Vavrina
IMMOKALEE
ORNAMENTALS
KimberlyA. Klock-Moore
Ft. Lauderdale
GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE
Ellen W. Demmy
Pensacola
MEMBERS-AT-LARGE
Scott Everson
Tampa
Fred S. Davies
Gainesville
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Norman F. Childers, Editor
Gainesville
CITRUS
James P. Syvertsen
Lake Alfred
KROME MEMORIAL
EdgardoJ. Echeverria
Lake Alfred
HANDLING AND PROCESSING
Mark A. Ritenour
Ft. Pierce
NEWSLETTER
Carolyn H. Best
PUNTA GORDA
PROMOTION
Gordon Smith
Nokomis
VEGETABLES
James P. Gilreath
Bradenton
ORNAMENTALS
Dennis McConnell
Gainesville
GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE
Malcomb Manners
Lakeland
MEMBERSHIP
AndrewJ. Rose
Inverness
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
Board of Directors
2000
CHAIRMAN, BOARD
David W. buchanan
Hawthorne
Dr. Will E. Waters, President, 2000
Bradenton
SECRETARY
SalvadoreJ. Locascio
Gainesville
PROGRAM COORDINATOR
Jacqueline K. Burns
Lake Alfred
SECTIONAL VICE PRESIDENTS
TREASURER
Norman Todd
LaBelle
CITRUS
Stephen H. Futch
Lake Alfred
KROME MEMORIAL
Jonathan H. Crane
Homestead
HANDLING AND PROCESSING
Kevin Goodner
Winter Haven
Richard J. Campbell
Miami
MEMBERS-AT-LARGE
VEGETABLES
Brett Highland
Nokomis
ORNAMENTALS
Stephen H. Brown
Ft. Myers
GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE
Joseph F. Garofalo
Homestead
Fred S. Davies
Gainesville
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Norman F. Childers, Editor
Gainesville
CITRUS
James P. Syvertsen
Lake Alfred
KROME MEMORIAL
EdgardoJ. Echeverria
Lake Alfred
HANDLING AND PROCESSING
Mark A. Ritenour
Ft. Pierce
NEWSLETTER
Vacant
PROMOTION
Gordon Smith
Nokomis
VEGETABLES
James P. Gilreath
Bradenton
ORNAMENTALS
Dennis B. McConnell
Gainesville
GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE
Malcomb M. Manners
Lakeland
MEMBERSHIP
Andrew J. Rose
Inverness
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112:1999. in
Proceedings
of the
FLORIDA STATE
Horticultural Society
1999
Volume CXII Printed June 2000
CONTENTS
Board of Directors for 1999 ii
Board of Directors for 2000 iii
Presidential Address, David W. Buchanan vii
Keynote Address, Michael V. Martin xi
Luncheon Speaker, John Morris xiii
Awards of Honorary Membership xvi
Awards of The Society xviii
Commercial Horticulturist of the Year xix
List of Presidents, Honorary Members: 1888 to Present xx
Endowment Contributions xxi
FSHS Activities xxii
Letter to Society Members, Norman F. Childers 346
Horticultural Breakfast Discussion, Dr. Terril Nell 347
United We Stand, Bill Grierson 349
By-Laws 350
Report of the Board of Directors 1999 354
Minutes, 1999 Annual Meeting 358
FSHS Membership Graph 358
Walter A. Duda (deceased 1999) 360
J. R. "Rip" Graves (deceased 1999) 360
Kenneth F.Jorgensen (deceased 1999) 361
Dr. Allen G. Smajstrla (deceased 1999) 363
Edward C. Tigchelaar (deceased 1995) 364
Refereed Papers 365
Manuscript Preparation Guide for Authors 367
List of Available Proceedings 371
Conversion Table: U.S. & Metric Measures 372
Editorial Policy 372
Membership List 373
Index 382
CITRUS SECTION
Effects of Foliar Applications of Urea or Nutriphite on Flowering and
Yields of Valencia Orange Trees, L. Gene Albrigo 1
Silicon Fertilizers for Citrus in Florida, V. Matichenkov, D. Calvert
and G. Snyder 5
Fertigation Frequency, Wetting Patterns and Nitrate Leaching from
Lysimeter-Grown Citrus Trees, J. P. Syvertsen and S. M. Sax 9
A 54-months Record of Groundwater Nitrate Levels in Five Florida
Citrus Groves, H. K. Wutscher 14
Water and Nitrogen Status Modify Root Growth of Two Citrus Root-
stock Seedlings, A. M. Paolillo, J. M. S. Scholberg, L. R. Parsons,
T. A. Wheaton and K. T. Morgan 18
Gibberellic Acid Application Timing Effects on Juice Yield and Peel
Quality of 'Hamlin' Oranges, F. S. Davies, C. A. Campbell, G. R.
Zalman and M. Fidelibus 22
A Novel Plant Growth Regulator, MBTA, Increases Soluble Solids (Brix)
of 'Valencia' Orange, C. A. Campbell, T. Taggart and J. Keithly 25
Effects of Abscission Chemical Spray Deposition on Mechanical Har
vest Efficacy of 'Hamlin' Orange, Y. M. Koo, M. Salyani and J. D.
Whitney 28
Microsprinkler Irrigation Effects on Foliar Freeze Damage of Mature
'Hamlin' Orange Trees, J. J. Ferguson and F. S. Davies 34
Risk Management for Florida Citrus Growers, J. A. Strieker, T. D.
Hewitt and R. P. Muraro 37
Decision Information Systems for Citrus: Software Implementation
and Testing, N. Lin, H. Beck, F. Zazueta, G. Albrigo, A. Wheaton,
B. Castle, R. Peart, J. Valiente, D. Martsolf, J. Ferguson and
P. Spyke 40
Reset vs. Replant: the Case of High Annual Tree Loss, R. P. Muraro,
F. M. Roka and P. A. Stansly 43
Yield and Relative Cost of Controlled-Release Fertilizer on Young Bear
ing Citrus Trees, R. E. Rouse, T A. Obreza andj. B. Sherrod 46
Economical Analysis of Weed Control, S. H. Futch and M. Singh 51
A New Hybrid Citrus Rootstock for Florida: US-852, K. D. Bowman,
H. K. Wutscher and D. T. Kaplan 54
Evaluation of Citrus Trees Planted Directly from the Nursery and
Trees Grown for Two Additional Years in Bags Before Transplant
ing in the Field, M. Zekri 56
Bud Failure on Swingle Citrumelo in a Florida Citrus Nursery Caused
by Xanthomonas axonopodis Pv. Citrumelo, J. H. Graham, D. L.
Drouillard, D. L. Bannwart and J. R. Dilley 60
Sodium Tetraborate Induced Ovarian Changes in Anastrepha suspensa
Loew, L. K. Yang, H. N. Nigg, D. S. Achor and S. E. Simpson 69
Assessment of Monitoring Techniques for Diaprepes abbreviates (L.)
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), H. N. Nigg, S. E. Simpson, L. E. Ramos
andN. Cuyler 73
Fipronil for Diaprepes abbreviates (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larval
Control in Container-Grown Citrus, H. N. Nigg, S. E. Simpson, L.
E. Ramos, A. T. Tomerlin and N. W. Cuyler 77
The Eriophyoid Mite Complex on Florida Citrus (Acari: Eriophyidae
and Diptilomiopidae), C. C. Childers and D. S. Achor 79
Flower Thrips: Frankliniella Bispinosa (Morgan), E Kelliae Sakimura
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Postbloom Fruit Drop Disease are
Economic Pests on Florida Citrus, C. C. Childers 88
What Freezes of the Past Century Taught Us, J. David Martsolf 95
GARDEN & LANDSCAPE SECTION
Horticultural Therapy Bridges the Generation Gap and Involves the
Sarasota Gardening Community, C. Herzog andj. Morris 99
Overseed Trials on Fairway and Putting Green Bermudagrass, S. F.
Anderson and A. E. Dudeck 101
Bamboos: The Monster Grasses, D. Burch and E. W. Demmy 106
Lower Maintenance Roses for Florida, M. M. Manners 108
Phytophthora Bud-Rot of Palms in South Florida, J. F. Garofalo and
R. T. McMillan.Jr. 110
The History and Management of Lethal Yellowing in Collier County,
R. L. Petersen and T. L. Fedelem 112
Propagation and Cultivation of Selected Gingers in North Florida,
R. S.Adams 114
IV Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
HANDLING & PROCESSING SECTION
Effect of BioSave® and Carnauba wax on Decay of Cranberry,
X. Chen, L. A. Grant and F. Caruso 116
Evaluation of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide for Control of Posthar-
vest Diseases of Florida Citrus, G. E. Brown and M. Chambers 118
Effects of Gibberellic Acid on the Harvest and Storage Quality of
Florida Citrus Fruit, M. A. Ritenour and E. Stover 122
Effects of Coatings on Quality of Florida Valencia Oranges Stored for
Summer Sale, W. W. Peeples, L. G. Albrigo, S. Pao and P. D.
Petracek 126
Preliminary Results of Flavor Generation in Citrus Utilizing fl-Glu-
cosidase, K. L. Goodner, P. E. Shaw and R. Goodrich 131
Fresh Citrus Juice—An Update, R. M. Goodrich 133
Ethylene Levels and Fruit Quality of Silverleaf Whitefly-Infested
Dwarf Cherry Tomato, S. Hanif-Khan, J. K. Brecht, C. A. Powell
andP.J.Stoffella 134
Exposure of Green Tomatoes to Hot Water Affects Ripening and
Reduces Decay and Chilling Injury, J. K. Brecht, W. Chen, S. A.
Sargent, K. Cordasco and J. A. Bartz 138
The Potential for Bell Pepper Harvest Prior to Full Color Develop
ment, A. F. Molinari, L. R. de Castro, S. Antoniali, P. Porncha-
loempong, A. J. Fox, S. A. Sargent and E. M. Lamb 143
Shock and Vibration Forces Influence the Quality of Fresh-Cut
Watermelon, J. M. Fonseca, J. W. Rushing and R. F. Testin 147
Removing and Handling Modular Vegetable Seedlings from Nursery
Trays, L. N. Shaw I53
Engineering Economic Analysis for Automatic Grading of Florida
Citrus, W. M. Miller and G. P. Drouillard 156
Reduction of Postharvest Pitting of Citrus by Changing Wax Compo
nents and Their Concentrations, H. Dou, M. A. Ismail and P. D.
Petracek 159
Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between Fluorescence and Pit
ting of Citrus, H. Dou, M. A. Ismail and P. D. Petracek 163
Inheritance of Berry Size, Color and Flower Sex in Muscadine
Grapes, Z. Ren andj. Lu 167
Delayed Ripening Does Not Alleviate Symptoms of Internal Bruising
in Tomato Fruit, C. L. Moretti, S. A. Sargent, D. J. Huber, R.
Puschmann and R. R. Fontes 169
KROME SECTION
Fertilizer Management Survey for Tropical Fruit Crops in South Flor
ida^. LiJ. Crane, B. Boman and C. Balerdi 172
Preliminary Results on the Effectiveness of Two Organosilicone Adju
vants Plus Iron to Correct Leaf Iron Chlorosis of Containerized
Carambola (Averrhoa carambola) Trees, J. Green, J. Crane, Y. Li,
R. Sanford and O. Rodriguez 176
Multi-Sensor Capacitance Probes for Monitoring Soil Water Dynam
ics in Tropical Fruit Orchards in South Florida, M. Zekri, R.
Nunez-Elisea, B. Schaffer, S. K. O'Hair and J. H. Crane 178
Toward Reliable Flowering of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in South
Florida, T. L. Davenport, Y. Li and Q. Zheng 182
Homogeneity of Xylella fastidiosa Pierce's Disease Strains from Bunch
Grapes and Muscadines in North Florida, J. Chen and R. Albibi... 185
Evaluation of Loquats (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) at the
Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, M. L. Cal-
deira and J. H. Crane 187
Armillaria Root Rot in Peaches is Controlled by Methyl Bromide,
W. B. Sherman and T. G. Beckman 190
Keyplex Effect on Sigatoka of Banana, R. T. McMillan, Jr., W. Graves
and H. J. McLaughlin 192
Genetic Diversity of the Papaya Ringspot Virus in Florida, M. J. Davis
andZ.Ymg 194
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
Genetic and Pathological Diversity of the Mango Anthracnose Patho
gen in Florida, M. J. Davis 197
New Method for Obtaining Transgenic Papaya Plants by Agrobacte-
rm??*-Mediated Transformation of Somatic Embryos, Z. Ying, X. Yu
and M. J.Davis 201
Guava Arthropod Seasonality and Control of Fruit Flies in South Flor
ida, J. E. Pena, R. Duncan, T. Vasquez and M. Hennessey 206
Seasonality and Control of Arthropods on Carambola Cultivars in
Southern Florida, J. E. Pena and R. Duncan 210
Evaluation of Direct and Indirect Action of Insecticides and Acari-
cides for Control of Lime and Avocado Pests, J. E. Pena, R. Dun
can, E. Klema and A. Hunsberger 213
Jackfruit Breeding at Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, FL, USA,
J. Wasielewski and R. J. Campbell 218
The 'Fairchild' Mango, R. J. Campbell and C. W. Campbell 220
Predatory Spiders in Lime Orchards and Their Importance in the
Control of Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera:
Gracillariidae), D. M. Amalin andj. E. Pena 222
A Century of Research with USDA in Miami, R. G. Mcguire, R. J.
Schnell 224
Florida's Contribution to the World Avocado Industry, R. J. Knight
and C. W. Campbell 233
Postharvest Characteristics of Moderate-Chill Peach Varieties, T. G.
Beckman and G. W. Krewer 236
Postharvest Characteristics and Consumer Acceptance of Non-melt
ing Peaches, J. G. Williamson and S. A. Sargent 241
ORNAMENTAL SECTION
Questions and Answers About the Cycad Aulacaspis Scale Insect,
F. W. Howard and T. J. Weissling 243
How to Set Up an Integrated Pest Management Program, S. Wain-
wright 246
Integrated Management of Palm Pests, T. J. Weissling and T. K
Broschat 247
Landscape Palms Available for the New Millennium, M. J. Corman ... 251
Blackberry-Lily, a Flowering Perennial for Florida, J. F. Garofalo 252
Distinctive Destinations of Discovery, S. A. Slora and K. A. Klock-
Moore 254
Sowing the Seeds of a New Horticulture Sciences Teaching Program,
M. E. Tignor and S. B. Wilson 255
Fertilization Techniques for Culture of Pond Apple, L. A. Gettys and
D. L. Sutton 261
A Facility for Documenting the Effect of Urban Landscape Type on
Fertilizer Nitrogen Runoff, J. E. Erickson, J. C. Volin, J. L. Cisar
and G. H. Snyder 266
Influence of Ecomin on Growth of Hibiscus, K. A. Klock-Moore and
G. E. Fitzpatrick 270
Waste Composts as Components of Container Substrates for Rooting
Foliage Plant Cuttings, J. Chen, C. A. Robinson, R. D. Caldwell
and D. B. McConnell 272
Pathogenicity of the Fern Anthracnose Fungus, Colletotrichum acu-
tatum, on Wild and Cultivated Ferns in Florida, J. O. Strandberg.. 274
Effect of Growth Regulators on Four Potted Asiflorum Lily Cultivars,
G.J.Wilfret 277
Potted Anthurium: an Interior-Flowering Foliage Plant, J. Chen, R. J.
Henny, C. A. Robinson, T. Mellich and R. D. Caldwell 280
Effects of Four Elements on Color, Yield and Vase Life of Tree "Fern"
{Asparagus virgatus), R. H. Stamps and D. K. Rock 282
Soil Fumigant and Herbicide Combinations for Soilborne Pest Con
trol in Caladium, J. P. Gilreath, R. McSorley and R. J. McGovern.. 285
Impatiens Necrotic Spot Tospo Virus, R. T. McMillan, Jr. and
W. Graves 290
VEGETABLE SECTION
Effect of Methyl Bromide, 1,3-DichIoropropene + Chloropicrin with
Pebulate and Soil Solarization on Soilborne Pest Control in
Tomato Followed by Double-Cropped Cucumber, J. P. Gilreath,
J. W. Noling, S. J. Locascio and D. O. Chellemi 292
Alternative Treatments To Methyl Bromide For Strawberry, S. J.
Locascio, D. W. Dickson, D. J. Mitchell, S. M. Olson, J. P. Gilreath,
J. W. Noling, C. A. Chase, T. R. Sinclair and E. N. Rosskopf 297
Further Studies of Brown Stem of Celery Caused by Pseudomonas
cichorii K. Pernezny, L. DatnoffandJ. Collins 302
Tomato Plants Heterozygous for Fusarium Wilt Race 3 Resistance
Develop Larger Fruit than Homozygous Resistant Plants, J. W. Scott 305
Identification and Incidence of Fusarium Stem Rot in Greenhouse
Peppers in South Florida, E. M. Lamb, R. M. Sonoda, E. F.
Oxman, J. E. Curry and E. N. Rosskopf 308
"Elephant's Foot", a Plant Disorder in Hydroponic Greenhouse
Sweet Pepper, E. Jovicich, D. J. Cantliffe and G. J. Hochmuth 310
Outdoor Floating Hydroponic Systems for Leafy Salad Crop and
Herb Production, R. V. Tyson, J. M. White and K. W. King 313
Tomato Fertilization, Ground Cover, and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Move
ment, F. M. Rhoads, C. S. Gardner, O. S. Mbuya, G. L. Queeley
and H. M. Edwards 315
The Gradient Concept: A Nutritional Paradigm Shift, C. M. Gerald-son (Retired) 329
Greenhouse Evaluation of Sulfur Requirements of Tomato, A. D. Susila and S. J. Locascio 323
Phosphorus Rate Demonstration Trials on Lettuce in the Everglades Agricultural Area, R. Rice 325
Nitrogen and Irrigation Management for Squash Production in
North Florida, L. Couto, D. Z. Haman, G. J. Hochmuth and A. G. Smajstrla 329
Yield and Nutrient Uptake of 'Capistrano' Bell Peppers in Compost-
Amended Sandy Soil, A. A. Csizinszky 333
Sweet Corn Seed Enhancement Increases Early Plant Fresh and Dry Weights And Yield, J. M. White 337
Refuge and Cover Crop Plantings for Beneficial Insect Habitats, H. Bottenberg, G. Frantz and H. C. Mellinger 339
Evaluation of Various Cultivars of Pepper for Resistance Against Pepper Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), D. R. Seal and K. Bondari 342
VI Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
DR. DAVID W. BUCHANAN
President, Florida State Horticulture Society, 1999
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999. vn
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS
THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
David W. Buchanan
Director, retired, University of Florida, IFAS
Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center
Fellow members and distinguished guests, I would like to
express my appreciation to each of you for allowing me to
serve as your President. It is indeed an honor and a privilege to
serve the members of the Florida State Horticultural Society.
I want to add a special thanks to the members of the com
mittees that make this Society function so effectively. These
committees select the best papers in the Krome Memorial,
Citrus, Vegetable, Garden and Landscape, Ornamentals,
Handling and Processing, President's Industry Award, Gold
Metal and Industry Paper of the Year. Then there is the Nom
inating Committee, Newsletter Writer and Editor, Local Ar
rangements committee and many others that I will not
mention due to time constraints. The Program Coordinator,
Proceedings Editor, Secretary, Treasurer, Vice Presidents,
and Chairman of the Board have made my job very easy this
year. The success of the Florida State Horticulture Society is
in the hands of this dedicated group of volunteers. It has been
a great pleasure to work with these people.
A Look at FSHS
With your permission, I would like to spend a few minutes
looking at the Society, The Industry and the University of
Florida in the 20th Century and to describe my ideas of the
challenges for this Society and the Horticultural Industry in
the 21st Century. As we approach theend of one century and
the beginning of another, it can be both interesting and re
vealing to reflect on the past in order to be better prepared
for the future. The FSHS has come a long way since its first
meeting in Ocala in April, 1888. At that first organizational
meeting, there were 18 members. Look around you now. It is
readily obvious that the membership has increased.
Although this is the 112th Annual Meeting of the Society,
I am not the 112th person honored to serve as your President.
According to my counting, I am the 65th President. You see, in
the early days of our Society, it was not uncommon for the pres
idents to serve long terms. Harold H. Hume served as presi
dent of our Society for 12 years, George L. Tabor served for 7
years and six other presidents served multi-year terms. It was
not until the 1940s that the precedent of the Society presidents
serving one year terms of office became firmly established.
During the 1940s several other noteworthy changes oc
curred in our Society. In 1945, the date of the annual meeting
was changed from Spring to Fall. We have been following this
practice for more than a half a century; but isn't it interesting
that for most of the Society's existence, we have always held
our annual meeting in the Spring. Also in 1945, our Society
began assigning time limits for speakers. Prior to this time,
speakers were allowed to take as long an amount of time as
they wanted; and it was not uncommon for some sessions in
our annual meetings to last into the wee hours of the night.
Aren't you glad to be a member now in the latter part of the
20th Century instead of the period prior to the 1940s?
As you may have probably guessed by now, I have consult
ed many back issues of the Society's proceedings in preparing
for this presidential address. Needless to say, since we are ap
proaching a new millennium, it may be a good idea to look
over the words of George L. Tabor, who was our Society's pres
ident the last time we experienced a turn of the century. As
our Society approached the 20th Century, President Tabor's
address in the Proceedings occupied 10 printed pages. Such a
speech must have taken well over an hour to deliver. Now,
aren't you glad that there is now a time limit for presidential
addresses? Although President Tabor's speech was much
longer than we are now accustomed to, I read it with great in
terest, as he devoted a major portion of his address on how to
protect citrus trees from cold damage, a topic that is near and
dear to my heart, since I worked in this area for 16 years.
Some Horticultural Problems Today
I was impressed that horticultural problems, like cold har
diness, are practically timeless. We are just as concerned
about them today as the people who proceeded us a hundred
years ago. I also was impressed with how much knowledge we
have gained, not just in the area of cold protection, but in all
of the other aspects of plant production. The Society's pro ceedings is a living testimonial to the hard work and dedica
tion of the people who have been leading the way to the
discovery of new knowledge to improve horticultural produc tivity over the centuries. If you read the Proceedings, you can
easily be convinced that technology and research helped make Florida horticulture the best in the nation.
In 1963, as a lowly graduate student at Rutgers, my old ma
jor advisor, Dr. Norman F. Childers, a professor of plant nutri
tion, said the best research on plant nutrition in the world came
from the State of Florida. He said most of this research was done
of necessity because the producers in Florida were trying to
grow trees in a "fine sand" that had no nutrient or water holding
capacity and it was necessary to determine the nutrient require
ments of plants and adjust fertilizer practices accordingly.
Critical Actions of FSHS Board of Directors
From the beginning of the 20th Century, the organizers of
the Society recognized the need for problem solving research.
These early Board of Directors lobbied the Florida Legislature
for money for research for the University and the Federal
agencies. The Board of Directors of 1911 sent a resolution to
the University of Florida president requesting that courses be
added on methods of controlling insect pests and nutritional studies of plants. This Board of Directors also was concerned
about the devastating freezes, the need to develop cold hardy
citrus varieties, the need for irrigation studies and for fungi
cides to control plant diseases—to mention only a few.
As a result of talented leadership like this on the Board of Di
rectors in the early years of the 20th Century, the Florida State
Horticultural Society became a strong and vibrant organization with its strength coming from its members, which include its
producers, Federal and state research, extension workers, plant
protection agencies, and regulatory agencies, agriculture chem
ical representatives and equipment manufacturers.
viii Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
In the end it has been the industry's ability to produce su
perior horticulture products more cheaply than our compet
itors nationally and internationally that has determined how
successful our industry has been. I believe this success has
been in large part due to the dissemination of science based
information that has been available to the producers through
the Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society.
In the past two decades there has been a significant
change in the way University faculty view the Florida State Hor
ticultural Proceedings. It has become less attractive for re
search scientist to publish their research results in the
Proceedings. There was a time when the Florida State Horti
cultural Meeting was one of the most important meetings at
tended by faculty and where they published their research
findings. About two decades ago, the University research sci
entist was supported almost completely from state and federal
resources. Currently, much of the money for research comes
from granting agencies and contracts from large companies.
Promotions and salaries at all of the major universities are now
oriented toward those faculty who publish their research re
sults in national and international journals.
Grants
Grants from the National Science Foundation, National In
stitute of Health, Environmental Protection Agency as well as
others are considered very prestigious for faculty, because their
grants are very difficult to acquire and the research is very basic
in nature. Administrators are impressed with faculty that con
duct basic research and have the ability to acquire these million
dollar grants. Faculty learn very quickly that promotions and
higher salaries are available to those that are capable of compet
ing in this arena. Large grants often allow sufficient latitude that
scientists can hire graduate students, post doctorates, techni
cians, purchase new laboratory equipment and travel to nation
al and international meetings. Faculty that work in these arenas
are in demand at other institutions and receive larger salaries
and better facilities than their horticultural counterparts.
I know that many faculty with these large grants often
bootleg their applied horticulture research using grant mon
ey that hired the graduate students, post doctorates and se
nior technicians. This will not change until the Florida
Legislature increases state funding that can be used by faculty
for applied horticulture research. I do not see this occurring
unless our industry first demands a change.
I am sure that I have painted a picture that appears to be
pretty bleak; however, there are opportunities to change this
direction, and this Society can make these changes by voicing
their concerns.
Early in the 20th Century, the University of Florida made
some strategic moves that will continue to serve Florida agri
culture in the 21st Century. The thirteen research and educa
tion centers serve the diverse Florida agriculture industry very
well. These strategically located experiment stations have fac
ulty on the front line that continue to develop better adapted
plants, solve disease and insect problems and a plethora of
other crop disorders. In addition since 1984, the University
established undergraduate degree programs at some of these
centers. These programs developed because the industry
urged the Legislature to initiate academic programs at the lo
cal level. These programs offer a college education to stu
dents that are place-bound by jobs, family and other
responsibilities. Many of these programs are very successful
and should be strongly encouraged by this Society.
Florida Ranks High in Horticulture
It will be necessary for this Society and the horticulture in
dustry to pursue the industry needs in the 21st Century vigor
ously with the Legislature and the University. None can deny
that the horticulture industry has made amazing progress in
the 20th Century. In 1996 Florida ranked 5th nationally from
crops with cash receipts of 4.9 billion dollars. In cash receipts
from agriculture, Florida ranks 9th nationally. This came
about despite the fact that Florida has higher energy input
per acre than any other state in the Southeast. Florida still
ranks 2nd nationally in vegetable production at 1.4 billion
dollars. In 1997, the ornamental industry generated 1.4 bil
lion dollars in plant sales. This industry is characterized by
small family run businesses. Floriculture accounted for 10.7%
of the horticulture business and ornamental plants for 7.8%
in 1997. Of course, Florida is number one in citrus with
858,000 acres. In 1996 citrus accounted for 22% of the horti
culture in Florida. Florida has enjoyed phenomenal growth of
horticulture in the latter years of the 20th Century.
We have to remember that state demographics have
changed and the population growth is far out distancing the
growth of agriculture in Florida. Florida was the 4 largest state
in the nation in 1996 with a population of 14.4 million peo
ple. This is projected to increase to 17 million by 2005, when
Florida may be the 3rd largest state in the nation. The popu
lation increased 32.5% from 1980 to 1990 and our population
is now 85% urban. Most of the people are concentrated in
central and southern counties. Miami-Dade, Broward and
Palm Beach counties have 4.7 million people. This is a greater
population than the total population of 31 other states. Non-
agriculture employment increased from 1.9 million jobs in
1968 to 6.7 million jobs in 1998.
Horticulture's Future in Florida
With an expanding population, horticulture producers
will find more competition for our natural resources. The
horticulturist of the 21st Century will be impacted by more
government regulations which will make production more
expensive and difficult. In south Florida urban dwellers are
Dave Buchanan occasionally comes up with a real good smile. Dave Tucker
must have had a good one, as he received the Society's Honorary Member
ship Award.
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999. IX
concerned about agricultural chemicals that go on the golf
courses that border their housing developments. They come
to the Water Management drainage canals and challenge
spray crews about the chemicals that are sprayed on the ditch
banks. In our aquatic training sessions at the Fort Lauderdale
REC, we spend a significant amount of time training spray
crews and management on how to educate the public, or at
least do no damage. It will be the responsibility of the Florida
State Horticultural Society and the University scientists to an
ticipate, monitor and solve these problems and educate the
public before these problems become insurmountable.
In the 21st Century water shortages will occur in the coast
al cities and counties due to excessive consumption at the lo
cal level. Ground water is the source of drinking water for
90% of Florida residents and the sole source of drinking wa
ter for the urban areas of Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm
Beach counties. Agricultural irrigation represents the largest
user of fresh water in Florida. Florida's unique feature of a
light soil, high water table, porous limestone and high density
population which results in a ground water resource that is
extremely vulnerable to contamination. Toxic organic mate
rials from the agriculture industry, municipal waste water,
septic tanks and transportation will damage this ground water
if not correctly managed.
Rapid population growth may force a decline in acreage
of agriculture crops but probably not horticulture. Urban
growth pressure on agriculture land, regulatory programs
and foreign competition will likely lead to an increased im
portance of ornamental plants, landscaping, nursery and turf
grass industries in the state. The value of agriculture land and
agriculture products will increase. Air quality will be increas
ingly important in the 21st Century. Contaminants in the air
will be odors from agricultural chemicals, particulates from
forest fires, pollutants from automobiles, power plants, and
industrial plants. Florida's urban population may be unwill
ing to tolerate these contaminants, even though they will be
contributors as well.
You can depend on increasing conflicts as urbanization
increases. The public will become increasingly concerned
about climate change as new evidence of pollutants in the air
is collected and they will attempt to influence air quality man
agement. This Society and the University must find a way to
work with this large urban population. Many urban home
owners have an interest in horticulture. They are interested in
a nice lawn, ornamentals for their landscaping, beautiful flow
er gardens, door yard fruit and a growing media for their to
matoes.
This Society will grow and prosper if its leaders are moti
vated and can adapt to these changing circumstances and at
tract the interest of these new residents. The garden and
landscape section is presently in a position to attract the inter
est of these urban homeowners.
There will be many opportunities for this Society to ex
pand its influence. However, the Society will have to change
to meet these challenges in the 21st Century as it did so well
in the 20th Century.
We had this space available after Dr. Buchanan's address, so we inserted a record of the many expressions of our President as he awards the Best Scientific
Paper Awards to: Row one, left to right: to Eric Waldo's paper in Vegetables as Charles Mellinger picks it up and Audrey Beany in Garden and Landscape; Row
% Jorge Pena for Krome; Eldon Brown for Handling and Processing: and Row 3, Masoud Salejaui in Citrus; and Robert Bullock for the Presidential Gold Medal Award.
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Michael V. Martin
KEEPING FLORIDA FIRST
pectations, diverse cultures, a wide range of talents, and in
some cases—pressing needs.
Beyond the projection that the number of resident Florid-
ians will reach about 18 million by 2010, demographics pre
dict that Florida's population will become increasingly
bimodal in age distribution. The most rapid growth will occur
among older citizens, with modest growth in the younger age
cohorts. These groups each demand significant levels of quite
different public services.
At the same time, the working age populations of Florida
will grow rather slowly. Thus, in relative terms labor will be
scarce.
Continued urbanization, suburbanization and exurban-
ization also will bring human incursion to fragile agricultural
and forest land and wildlife habitats. Competition for land
and water will likely be quite intense. However, the intensity
of this competition, and occasional conflict will vary across
the state.
Florida First!
While Florida's economy is fully "globalized" the implica
tion and consequences of globalization are only now being
manifested. Every Floridian will experience the consequenc
es, positive or negative, of being a citizen of the world.
Though inevitable, some, perhaps many, view all this change
with trepidation. At UF/IFAS we view it with excitement. As a
land-grant institution we are compelled by law and empow
ered by tradition to take an active role in shaping a bright fu
ture for the state and all that call, and will call, it home. As
daunting as the challenge may seem, we are committed to use
research and education to serve the greater social good. To
that end, we are finalizing a long-range plan of action we call
the Florida FIRST program. Florida FIRST is an acronym for
Focusing IFAS Resources on Solutions for Tomorrow. It draws
on extensive conversations with the people of Florida and
identifying their issues and their needs.
By
Michael V. Martin
Vice-President, for Agriculture and Natural Resources
University of Florida, Gainesville
By most standards I am a new Floridian, having assumed
my University of Florida role as Vice President for Agriculture
and Natural Resources and relocated in early October, 1998.
However, over the intervening months I have learned a great
deal about the state, its people and the roles the Institute of
Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) can play in shap
ing their future. Any observant new arrival can't help but be
struck by the magnitude and place of change occurring across
Florida's economic, social, demographic, cultural and envi
ronmental landscape. I would venture that no other place in
America and few other places on the planet are the subject of
such dynamic and powerful forces for change.
The simple growth in population alone would overwhelm
most other states. I'm told that 600 people per day relocate to
the sunshine state. They come from all over the country and
from many foreign origins. They come with well-formed ex-
Mike Martin as Key Note speaker receives a Society plaque of Honor from
David W. Buchanan, President, Florida State Horticulture Society, November
1999.
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999. XI
Among the tasks on which we believe we must focus are
the following:
• Improving health, nutrition and well being, particularly
for youth and the elderly.
• Labor saving and labor extending technologies for Flori
da's natural resource industries.
• Continually enhancing the work skills, professional capa
bilities and, in turn, incomes for those who utilize the new
technologies.
• Developing technologies, strategies and policies which en
sure a safe, available supply of water.
• Providing new technologies and approaches for the envi
ronmentally sensitive profitable use of resources for agri
culture, aquaculture, forestry and recreation.
• Collaboratively developing new crops, products, services
and processes for domestic as well as international markets.
• Producing educated citizens, employees, and decision-mak
ers through both our undergraduate and graduate pro
grams, who can lead productive and progressive change.
• Offering programs and assistance, which improve the eco
nomic environmental quality of urban and rural dwellers
alike.
As we talk about invasive pests, global competitiveness, ur
ban sprawl, water quality and new crop development we are
certainly talking about Florida's horticultural industry. It is
clear that much of the growth in the state's agriculture and
many of the challenges it faces will involve horticulture. As
UF/IFAS implements its Florida FIRST plan, we'll be "Putting
Florida's Horticultural Producers FIRST".
Permit me a few final observations about Florida and Flo-
ridians. Every place I've visited, I've found people to be
friendly, hospitable, interested and interesting. They exhibit
a genuine pride in what Florida is and a heartfelt concern
about what it will become.
The incredible diversity in the state's population, econo
my and environments is the source of enormous strength. Ar
eas from the Panhandle to Key West are in so many ways as
different from each other as can be. However, they each offer
special characteristics which will reinforce the socio-econom
ic fabric of the state.
Finally, I'm pleased to report that the UF/IFAS faculty,
staff and partners are all up to the task of assisting in meeting
the state's many challenges and capitalizing on its many op
portunities.
xn Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
FVCA LUNCHEON SPEAKER
THE CITRUS INDUSTRY CONSOLIDATION By
John "Jack" Morris
Palm City, Florida
John "Jack" Morris
happening in practically every other industry or business.
All one has to do is observe what has and is taking place in
the financial and investment communities, electric utilities,
automotive, department stores, building supplies, and on
and on. Have you ever thought about what has been taking
place with our suppliers? Look at the consolidation in the
agricultural equipment field. How many choices of tractors
do we have today as compared to a few years ago? Look at
what has taken place in the pharmaceutical and agricultural
chemical industries, Novartis, Mansanto. . . . Some of these
companies are now in production agriculture. Consolida
tion is going on all around us so why should we expect citrus
to be different?
An area of consolidation that is having a major impact on
production agriculture from a trickle down effect is that of
the retail food markets. I heard recently that five supermarket
chains now control over 40% of the retail food sales in this
country, some are foreign owned. These companies are pow
erful, and they exert their presence throughout the food sup
ply chain, down to and including production agriculture.
Why Is This Happening? Profitability and Survival!
The consumer and market place are changing at a rapid
pace, demanding more and more from suppliers to produc
tion through retail. We have global competition, environ-
Editor's Note: This is a talk given to the Fruit and Vegetable Crops
Luncheon at the Florida State Horticultural Society 112th Annual
Meeting, Stuart, Florida.
Good afternoon. It is a pleasure for me to be here this af
ternoon to speak to you on the subject of citrus industry con
solidation. It is great to be apart of such a prestigious
organization and to be among so many friends, many of
whom I have known for years. Also, as a resident of Martin
County, let me add my welcome to all of you. Glad you can be
here.
As you can see from the title of my presentation, I plan to
talk on the effect of consolidation on people, our educational
and research system, and the associations to which we belong
that have supported the industry for so many years. I am sure
I won't be telling you anything you don't already know, but I
will attempt to put things in perspective. I am not going to dis
cuss whether the present situation is good or bad, because it
will mean different things for different people. Change is in
evitable, and we have seen substantial change in the recent
past, the difference is that change is now taking place at a
pace that few of us can comprehend, and we have little or no
control over it.
It is difficult to talk about the citrus industry alone be
cause what is happening here is taking place in almost every
segment of agriculture, and not just here in Florida. It is also
At the luncheon, Bill Wiltbank, emeritus, University of Florida, offered the
prayer and Hap Carson, President of the Club introduced Mr. Morris.
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999. xm
mental issues, urban pressures, labor issues and government
regulation. The information technology and communica
tions revolution is significantly changing the way we do busi
ness. We can expect to see increased consumer product
opportunity, partnerships and alliances, potential unstable
market places similar to what we have seen in Asia, changing
trade barriers and restrictions, and increased food safety con
cerns. Agriculture's conventional approach to the produce
supply chain is falling. Our philosophy can no longer be to
sell what we produce, focus on supply and production costs,
rely on relationship buying and selling, and look forward to
the next two to six weeks. There is a more complex and diver
sified consumer base. Increased demand for value-added pro
cessing, and new competitors that must be recognized.
Organizations must be able to cope with these new and differ
ent pressures, and this demands additional depth and sophis
tication.
As a part of the consolidation phenomena, entities, as
they become large, become more public and/or corporate in
structure. Frequently those in upper management positions
and people who serve on boards of directors, etc., have little
or no agricultural experience and no attachment to the soil.
They tend to be experienced, successful business people who
expect the same financial results from their agricultural in
vestments as they do from any other investment. It is some
times difficult for them to understand the vagaries of
agriculture-weather, insects, diseases, etc. The supply side is
having to adapt to what is often times a frustrating and differ ent type of relationship.
Closer to home, we are seeing changes at a pace never
seen before. Over 40% of the state's processing capacity is
owned by entities based outside of Florida, some outside
the United States. Where we used to have over 40 active
processors, we are now down to less than twenty and that
number is decreasing. But-total capacity is greater then ev
er. The fresh fruit industry is consolidating too. Some
packing houses are closing, others are getting bigger, sales
and marketing organizations are merging or forming an al liance.
On the production side the same thing is happening.
There is now one entity in Florida with approximately 40,000
acres with rumored additional expansion. Others are follow
ing. Actually, this is not new. The difference is the speed in
which it is happening. In the 50's and 60's, Minute maid ac
quired groves throughout the state in order to provide their
processing plants with a supply of fruit at an affordable price.
They amassed over 30,000 acres at one point and owned sev
en or eight processing plants. At that time, Minute Maid, later
to be come Coca-Cola, was the only truly public company in
the industry. I recall this was the cause of considerable con
sternation. Now we are seeing some of these large acreages
being acquired by others, creating even larger holdings,
sometimes owned by out-of-state interests, often times public in structure.
What does this mean to us and those that will follow? I
don't have a crystal ball and certainly don't know, but with the
challenges facing the industry today, I expect one reason we
are seeing consolidation take place is that the smaller entity is
having difficulty going it alone. I don't see this as doom and
gloom. There are many small entities today that are extremely
successful and will continue to be. But it does mean that there
must be niche operations, innovation, skilled use of technol
ogy and alliances.
Impact on Jobs
Let's talk a little on the impact on jobs and job opportuni
ties. Proper education and training are becoming more criti
cal than ever before. There is a growing need at every level of
the industry for those with additional skills, knowledge, and
expertise. As mechanical harvesting becomes more prevalent
and it will, there will be a need for major skills in the proper
application of chemicals and computer and engineering skills
are necessary at every level of our business. Marketing skills to
sell a product, whether from the grove, processing plant or
packing house, human resource skills are vital, environmen
tal issues demand close scrutiny. I could go on and on. All of
this is in addition to the traditional skills necessary in the in
dustry in order to grow and produce quality products. I have
never forgotten a story that I heard when I was growing up
about the grower who under no circumstances would allow
his tractor driver to drive his Cadillac, but thought nothing of
sending him into the grow with a new tractor and Speed
Sprayer to apply expensive chemicals that improperly applied
could determine the success or failure of his crop, and of
course at a minimum wage. Are we any different today?
As I see it, we will continue to have the need for those in
the business who will be specially trained for specific purpos
es, and these jobs will be critical to the success of the business.
They might include equipment operators, staff personnel, en gineers, and research scientists. At the same time, there is a
growing need for those who aspire to upper management lev
els to have training and experience necessary to cope with the
myriad of responsibilities that are common in business today.
In addition to having the skills and polish necessary to deal
with top management MBA's, CPA's and boards of directors
who frequently will have little or no understanding of agricul ture. This is true, no matter what part of the industry we are
discussing, whether it be production agriculture, packing, processing or any of the service industries.
Our educational system, at every level, must be attuned to
these needs. I'm speaking of the technical schools and com
munity colleges, as well as our four-year colleges and universi
ties. I know that these needs are being recognized by the
respective colleges and universities and steps are being taken
to make the changes necessary if they are not already in place.
The industry needs to stay behind and support this effort to
the fullest extent if there are to be people to fill these posi tions.
The demands on research will be impacted in a way not
seen before. There will be increased competition for research
dollars. If a grower or other member of the industry is in need
of specific research, it is more likely that it will be awarded on
a more competitive basis, even going out of state if necessary.
Loyalties are not as they used to be; whomever can give the
best service and quality at the best price will get the job. The
Agricultural Extension Service is facing major change. I know that those in Extension are very involved in determining what
the future holds for them and making the necessary moves.
There is an urban population that is demanding service and
the needs of the agricultural communities are changing dra
matically. The larger grower either has his own specialist or
he goes directly to the researcher to get the information
needed. The communications revolution has made it possible
to provide information in a totally new and efficient manner.
Our associations have historically played a vital role in the
organization, direction and governance of our industry. They
xiv Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
have represented their members at the local, state and federal tinue to be a strong healthy industry well into the future. I'm levels and have fulfilled needs that few individuals or compa- confident that it can be, but we must recognize and accept the nies have resources to handle. I'm talking about FCM, GCGA, fact that we are a global industry operating in an urban state PRVCGA, HCCGA, FFBF, FFVA, FFAA, FCPA, FCP, IRCL, and under pressure that has never before been known. CGA, and I know I am leaving out others. I'm also talking I don't pretend to know the answers. Agriculture across about the FDOC, even the FSHS and the Box Tax. Consolida- the country is changing; the family farm is in jeopardy, and we tion is having a major impact on many of them right now, and in Florida are a part of this. Consolidation is happening at an I'm sure there will be more to come. The larger more public ever increasing rate. Is all this the end of the world as we know or corporate organizations are very bottom-line oriented and it? I don't think so. Just as the local hardware store owner has are looking for ways to reduce costs. They are not willing to continued to thrive trough alliances such as ACE, I think the pay dues to multiple associations. As companies consolidate, smaller grower has the opportunity to do the same. Ingenuity, they frequently look to see what organizations can best fulfill innovation, hard work and perseverance will still work, but re-their needs. Voluntary organizations are feeling the squeeze lying on the family name and heritage alone is not going to
and the tax supported organizations are finding themselves get the job done. under more political pressure to reduce or eliminate costs. I think there will be exciting job opportunities with the The industry is not as cohesive as it once was, and as I said, larger companies, but it will require different training and ed-many of the leaders do not have the loyalty to the industry or ucation than we have previously known. People who run these organizations as once was prevalent. Consolidation frequent- companies are money mangers, and their responsibility is to ly means reduced dues, even if membership continues. Orga- their investors. They will expect more and different thing;s nizations are being required to be innovative and do more from their employees. Our research organizations and associ-with less. What is the answer? Again, I don't know. Is it re- ations also will have to be more innovative and bottom-line duced services, merges, belt tightening, innovation, or simply oriented in order to survive and serve the changing popula-more for less? tion- Schools must produce capable leaders, specialists, tech-
As a person such as myself who has grown up in the indus- nicians and researchers who can provide us with credible try and spent a career closely involved in it, I want to see it con- information in order to keep us competitive.
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999. xv
AWARDS OF HONORARY MEMBERSHIP
David P. H. Tucker
Dr. David P. H. Tucker was reared in the British West In
dies and received his undergraduate degree at the University
of Birmingham, U.K., his M.S. at Cambridge University in
U.K. and his Ph.D. degree at the University of California, Riv
erside, in 1966 in plant science. He began his professional ca
reer at the Citrus Research and Education Center in Lake
Alfred in 1966 as Assistant Professor of Horticulture and Ex
tension Horticulturist. He was promoted to Associate Profes
sor in 1975 and to Professor in 1978.
Dr. Tucker has been a member of the Society for thirty-
three years and has been an author and coauthor for more
than fifty papers in the Proceedings of the Florida State Hor
ticultural Society. Two of the papers were awarded the Out
standing Paper award in 1983 and 1987. He served as Citrus
Sectional Vice President, Florida State Horticulture Society
in 1980.
Dr. Tucker has made major contributions to the Florida
citrus industry in pioneering many of the concepts of weed
control in Florida citrus over the past thirty-three years. His
research and demonstration efforts have lead to the adoption
of many of the currently used herbicides and development of
biological control of the milkweed vine. In addition to his
weed control work, he has been a key member of projects in
the areas of citrus blight, nutrition, irrigation, tree size con
trol and many horticultural concepts readily accepted by the
industry in today's citrus production. Through his efforts and
outstanding publication record of more than 280 publica
tions in various journals and University of Florida, the indus
try has been provided with an outstanding source of
information which has been used by past and current growers
in the Florida citrus industry.
Over a twenty-year period, Dr. Tucker coordinated the
Florida Citrus Growers' Institute and Trade Shows which was
held in Bartow and Lakeland. He participated in other insti
tutes and seminars throughout the state. Regular attendance
of 1200 to 1500 growers at the Florida Citrus Growers' Insti
tute meetings made this the premier citrus event of the year.
Dr. Tucker's efforts to promote and educate the industry
has earned recognition by the following awards and honors in
addition to those listed above:
• Outstanding University of Florida Extension Specialist Award, 1987
• Florida Citrus Production Managers' Association recogni
tion Award for service as coordinator of the Florida Citrus
Growers' Institute and Trade Shows for 20 years
• Sectional Vice-President International Citrus Congress, 1977 *
Dr. Tucker is an Extension Horticulturist located at the
University of Florida's IFAS Citrus Research and Education
Center in Lake Alfred. During his service to the Florida citrus
industry, his work has involved 75-85% extension and 15-25%
cooperative applied research. Dr. Tucker has worked closely
with the Citrus Research and Education Center faculty, the
Fruit Crops Department of the University of Florida, United
States Department of Agriculture and the staff of various State
agencies in all aspects of citrus production. His leadership,
training and educational programs have assisted county ex
tension personnel in all citrus growing counties develop ef
fective extension programs.
These accomplishments have certainly qualified Dr. Tucker
for the distinction of Honorary Membership in the Florida
State Horticultural Society. By Steve Futch
President Dave Buchanan presents Dr. David P. H. Tucker the Honorary
Award of membership in the Florida State Horticultural Society.
XVI Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
G. Frederick (Fred) Saunders
Fred Saunders is a fifth generation Floridian, Born May 2,
1935 in Dunedin, Pinellas County. He spent a lot of time early
in life with his maternal grandparents on their farm and
grove. He graduated from the University of Florida in agricul
ture with a major in Fruit Crops Citrus Production. His first
job was with the Soil Science Foundation working under Dr.
O. C. Bryan. In April 1959 he became Assistant Citrus Produc
tion Manager for R. D. Keene in Winter Garden. He was pro
moted to Production Manager in September of that year. In
1996, the harvesting responsibility was included in his duties.
He has been with R. D. Keene for over 40 years.
Trying a new crop has always been of interest to Fred. In
the 1960s he planted a substantial field of blackberries. In
1978 he planted the first commercial blueberry farm south of
Ocala. He since has been quite involved in the blueberry in
dustry of Florida, serving eleven years on the Board of Direc
tors of the Florida Blueberry Growers Association and four
years as the President. He also has taken part in the Michigan
Blueberry Growers Association, serving as a member of that
Board since 1997.
Fred Saunders has been active in a number of professional
organizations, namely: Past President and Chairman of the
Board of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 1997-98.
member of the State Committee Farm Service Agency; Flori
da Citrus Production Managers Association; the University of
Florida Fruit Crops Association; Program Chairman of the
Lake County Extension Advisory Committee; served on the
Board of Directors of the Hughes Memorial Foundation and
took part twice in the Extension Lay Leaders Training, Wash
ington, D.C.
He has been active in local Community Organizations:
the Clermont Little League, The Clermont Babe Ruth
League, the Clermont High School Athletic Booster Club and
was awarded the "Silver Beaver" as a Scoutmaster for 10 years.
He is a member of the United Methodist Church of Cler
mont, Past Chairman of the Administrative Board and the Fi
nance Committee, as well as a former Sunday School
Teacher. He also was Chairman of the Staff/Parish Relations
Committee. Among his awards and honors received are: Cler
mont Kiwanis 'Youth Activities Award", 1978; the University
of Florida Fruit Crops "Outstanding Leadership" Award,
1982; The University of Florida Fruit Crops "Man of the Year"
Award, 1989; The Gamma Sigma Delta "Award of Merit for
Distinguished Service", 1988; the Orange County Extension
Service "Volunteer of the Year" Award, 1990 and the Michi
gan Blueberry Growers Marketing "Cooperator of the Year"
Award. Fred has acted as a Consultant for John Smoak &
Sons, Turner Foods, Wheeler Groves, Fruit Harvesters Inter
national and Cauklin, Porter and Holmes.
For a period of over 20 years, Fred Saunders has taken the
time to come to the University of Florida and spend the day
in a classroom to show his color slides and talk with students
majoring in citrus and horticulture. Fred Saunders has cer
tainly contributed his share of service to Florida Horticulture
and Agriculture and the Florida State Horticultural Society of
which he has been a member since 1959. The Society takes
great pleasure in awarding G. Frederick Saunders an Honor
ary Membership in the Society. By Norm Childers
President Dave Buchanan presents a plaque of Honorary Membership Award
to G. Fred Saunders.
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999. xvii
AWARDS OF THE SOCIETY
Presidential Gold Medal Award Best Paper Awards
Citrus Section
Sprayer pump and nozzle capacity affect volume
rate errors in citrus applications.—Masoud
Salyani
Masoud Salyani
Ornamental Section
Growth rates are reduced for field grown Quer-
cus virginiana Mill, with increasing nitrogen
fertilization.—Richard C. Reason, Jr.
Richard C. Beason
Garden and Landscape Section
Production, fruit quality, nutritional value
and consumer preference of spaghetti squash.—
Audrey H. Beany, Peter J. Stofella and
David Picha
Robert C. Bullock
Award granted to Robert C. Bullock, Associate Professor
of citrus, University of Florida, Indian River REC, Ft. Pierce,
FL for having contributed most to Florida horticulture
through work published in the Proceedings of the Florida
State Horticultural Society over the preceding six-year period.
Past Presidential Gold Medal Award Winners
Audrey H. Beany
Vegetable Section
Growing 'Galia* muskmelons using walk-in
tunnels and a soilless culture system in Florida
and the economic feasibility of using these sys
tems.—Eric A. Waldo, George J. Hoch-
muth, Daniel J. Cantliffe and Steven A.
Sargent
Eric A. Waldo
R. C. J. KOO
R. A. Conover
J. R. Orsenigo
W. E. Waters
J. F. Morton
S. J. Locascio
C. A. Conover
J. H. Bruemmer
Derek G. Burch
W. M. Miller
W. Grierson
A. H. Rouse
Paul F. Smith
T. W. Young
James W. Strobel
W. S. Castle
C. W. Campbell
R. M. Craig
V. L. Guzman
J. P.Jones
C. A. Conover
John Paul Jones
J. O. Whiteside
C. R. Barmore
J. F. Price
L. A. Risse
A. G. Smajstrla
W. B. Sherman
Ann R. Chase
H. K. Wutscher
Paul M. Lyrene
Steven A. Sargent
Robert C. Bullock
Handling and Processing Section
Evaluation oftebuconazole for control of post-
harvest diseases of Florida citrus.—G. Eldon
Brown and M. Chambers
G. Eldon Brown
Krome Memorial Section
Current and potential arthropod pests threaten
ing tropical fruit crops in Florida.—Jorge E.
Pena
Best Student Papers Jorge E. Pena
Ajia Paolillo
First—$250
S. Chandramohan
Second—$150
Outstanding Commercial
Horticulturist Award
Larry K. Jackson
President's Industry Award
No Candidate Larry K. Jackson
Jorje M. Fonseca
Third—$75
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURIST OF THE YEAR
Proceed11
Larry Jackson (center
right) was an excel
lent citrus teacher at
the University of Flor
ida. (Photo by Norm
Childers.)
Larry K. Jackson, the Honored Winner
Although born in Indiana in 1939, Larry K. Jackson grew
up in Lakeland, Florida and graduated from the local high
school in 1957. He attended Florida Southern College in
Lakeland and received a Bachelor of Science degree in citrus
in 1962. While attending school in Lakeland, Larry earned his
way in a variety of jobs as stock clerk and bag boy in Publix
Markets, a welder helper, fork lift truck operator, time keeper
for FMC Corporation and as a service station attendant.
From 1962-64 he attended the University of Florida,
Gainesville, and received his Master of Science degree, study
ing the effect of nutrition on citrus hardiness. From 1964-68
he was an Extension Agent for the University of Florida, then
returned to Gainesville as a part-time instructor and graduate
student completing his doctorate in 1972. His thesis was on
seedlessness in citrus. He then joined the Fruit Crops Depart
ment as Extension Specialist and Assistant Professor at the
University. He became Associate Professor in 1977 and
moved to Professorship in 1982. In 1986 he became Head of
the Department of Fruit Crops for 5+ years and then moved
to the Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, in
1991. In 1994 he retired as Emeritus Professor.
Larry Jackson spent 32 years with the University of Florida
in extension and teaching of citrus production. He has orga
nized and taken part in numerous citrus meetings with grow
ers, authored over 260 publications including a 293 page
book on Citrus Growing which is used as a text in many citrus
classes over the world.
Dr. Jackson was active in the American Society for Horti
cultural Science (ASHS) and the Florida State Horticultural
Society (FSHS). In ASHS, he served as Chairman of the Citrus
Working Group (1980-83), as Extension Vice-President
(1985-86) and, was elected, a Fellow in 1987. In the FSHS he
served as a Member At Large (1979), Citrus Vice-President
(1984),President (1990) and Chairman of the Board (1991).
Larry has served as a citrus consultant in China, Egypt and 10
countries in Latin America. He currently serves as Scientific Co
ordinator for the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory
Council. This involves the coordination of a $1.5 million annual
grant program to scientists funded by the Florida citrus growers.
With Dr. Larry Jackson's long service in the Florida State
Horticultural Society, The University of Florida and for his
many contributions to the Florida citrus growers, he is well
deserving of the "Commercial Horticulturist of The Year." By
Norm Childers
Society President, David W. Buchanan presents Larry Jackson the Award of
"Commercial Horticulturist of the Year".
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999. xix
Presidents of the Florida State Horticultural Society from 1888 to Present
Year Presidents
1888-1896 Dudley W. Adams
1897-1904 George L. Tabor
1905-1906 C. T. McCarty
1907-1908 P. H. Rolfs
1909 William C. Richardson
1910-1922 H. H. Hume
1923-1929 L. B. Skinner
1930-1936 John S. Taylor
1937 C. W. Lyons
1938-1940 Charles I. Brooks
1941 T. Ralph Robinson
1942 Henry C. Henricksen
1943-1947 Frank M. O'Byrne
1948 William F. Ward
1949 Frank Stirling
1950 Leo H.Wilson
1951 G. Dexter Sloan
1952 Frank L. Holland
1953 R. S. Edsall
1954 M. U. Mounts
1955 H. A. Thullbery
1956 R.A. Carlton
Anderson, J. B. 1922
Beckenbach,J. R. 1967
Berckmens, P.J. 1893
Berger, E. W. 1940
Berry, Robert E. 1987
Blackmon, G. H. 1964
Bosanquet, L. P. 1924
Brown, Arthur C. 1952
Burgis, Donald S. 1980
Calvert, David V. 1997
Camp, A. F. 1956
Campbell, C. W. 1988
Carlton, R. A. 1962
Chase, J. C. 1939
Chase, S. O. 1939
Childers, N. F. 1993
Clayton, H. G. 1956
Colburn, Burt 1970
Commander, C. C. 1952
Cooper, W. C. 1981
Dickey, R. D. 1968
Edsall, R. S. 1967
Everett, Paul H. 1986
Fairchild, David 1922
Fifield, Willard M. 1955
Flagler, H. M. 1903
Floyd, Bayard F. 1944
Floyd, W. L. 1939
Ford, Harry 1985
Forsee, W. T., Jr. 1973
Gaitskill, S. H. 1909
Gardner, Frank E. 1967
Garrett, Charles A. 1951
Goldweber, Seymour 1984
Grierson, William 1979
Guzman, Victor L. 1987
Haden, Mrs. Florence P. 1934
Harding, Paul L. 1968
Hart, W. S. 1909
Hastings, H. G. 1939
Hatton, Thurman T. 1987
Hayslip, Norman C. 1981
*Date year award made.
1957 R. E. Norris
1958 A. F. Camp
1959 S.John Lynch
1960 W. L. Thompson
1961 Ruth S. Wedgworth
1962 John H. Logan
1963 Herman J. Reitz
1964 Willard M. Fifield
1965 Ernest L. Spencer
1966 Arthur F. Mathias
1967 Ed H. Price, Jr.
1968 J. R. Beckenbach
1969 G. M.Talbott
1970 F. E. Gardner
1971 O. R. Minton
1972 R.A. Dennison
1973 B. E. Colburn
1974 G. G. Norman
1975 Leon Miller
1976 John W. Sites
1977 J. B. Pratt
1978 R. R. Reed
1979 J. F. Morton
HONORARY MEMBERS*
Henricksen, H. C. 1939
Holland, Frank L. 1962
Holland, Spessard L. 1945
Hoyt, Avery S. 1950
Hoyt, R. D. 1914
Hubbard, E. S. 1922
Hume, H. Harold 1927
Ismail, Mohamed A. 1996
Jamison, F. S. 1962
Johnson, Warren O. 1965
Jones, John Paul 1997
Koo, R. C.J. 1978
Krezdorn, A. H. 1979
Krome, William H. 1973
Krome, William J. 1927
Krome, Mrs. Isabelle B. 1960
Lawrence, Fred P. 1973
Lipsey, L. W. 1924
Locascio, SalvadoreJ. 1996
Logan, J. H. 1965
Lynch, S.John 1975
MacDowell, Louis G. 1968
Magie, Robert O. 1977
Mathias, A. F. 1972
Matthews, Richard F. 1992
Mayo, Nathan 1940
McCornack, A. A. 1986
Menninger, Edwin A. 1964
Miller, Leon W. 1972
Miller, Ralph L. 1972
Montelaro, James 1985
Morton, Julia F. 1989
Mounts, M. U. 1958
Mowry, Harold 1950
Murdock, Del I. 1984
Newell, Wilmon 1940
Norman, Gerald G. 1967
Norris, Robert, E. 1962
O'Byrne, Frank M. 1962
Overman, A. J. 1988
Painter, E. O. 1909
Peterson, J. Hardin 1950
Pratt, J. B. 1980
Redmond, D. 1893
Reed, R. R. 1970
1980 C. Wayne Hawkins
1981 W. Grierson
1982 Roger Young
1983 Charles A. Conover
1984 Carl W. Campbell
1985 Fred Bistline
1986 Al H. Krezdorn
1987 Richard F. Matthews
1988 T. T. Hatton
1989 W. H. Krome
1990 TomJ. Sheehan
1991 Larry K. Jackson
1992 Daniel J. Cantliffe
1993 Michael O. Taylor
1994 SalvadoreJ. Locascio
1995 Mohamed A. Ismail
1996 Walter J. Render
1997 Fred Saunders
1998 Larry E. Beasley
1999 David W. Buchanan
2000 Will E. Waters
Reitz, Herman J.
Reitz, J. Wayne
Robinson, T. Ralph
Rolfs, P. H.
Rolfs, Mrs. P. H.
Ruehle, George D.
Saunders, Fred
Sharpe, Ralph H.
Shaw, Miss Eleanor G.
Showalter, Robert K.
Singleton, Gray
Skinner, L. B.
Sloan, G. Dexter
Smith, Paul F.
Smoot,JohnJ.
Spalding, Donald H.
Spencer, E. L.
Steffani, C. H.
Stephens, James M.
Stevens, H. B.
Swingle, W. T.
Taber, George L.
Tait, W. L.
Talbott, George M.
Tenny, Lloyd S.
Thompson, Ralph P.
Thompson, W. L.
Thullbery, Howard A.
Todd, Norman
Tucker, David P.
Veldhuis, M. K.
Ward, W. F.
Waters, Will E.
Webber, H. J.
Wedgworth, Ruth S.
Wenzel, F. W.
Wheaton, T. Adair
Wilfret, GaryJ.
Wilson, Lorenzo A.
Wiltbank, William J.
Winston, J. R.
Wolfe, H. S.
Young, T. W.
Yothers, W. W.
Ziegler, L. W.
1970
1955
1942
1921
1921
1958
1999
1974
1927
1984
1962
1931
1964
1972
1986
1987
1962
1958
1995
1934
1941
1914
1941
1980
1956
1962
1962
1962
1991
1999
1972
1962
1997
1941
1965
1973
1994
1998
1934
1987
1960
1964
1978
1976
1976
OUTSTANDING GROWERS OR COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURISTS Norman Todd
Grove Crafters, Labelle, FL., 1997
Ted Grinsberg
Green Cay Farms, Boynton Beach, FL., 1998
Larry K. Jackson
Horticultural Consultant, Auburndale, FL., 1999
XX Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
FSHS ENDOWMENT FUND CONTRIBUTIONS: 1988 TO MAY 2000
The following listing could be incomplete. We are further researching our files and may add to the list later. Any errors, please us know. The Society does appreciate your support of this Fund, only the interest from which is used mainly for student help and scholarships in the Society. This money has been added to a Jumbo CD. to get the higher interest rate. Contributors
will be published by year hereafter.
Name
Childers, Norman
Overman, Amegda
Todd, Norman
Holcomb, Edgar, Jr.
Campbell, Carl
Beasley, Larry
Knight, Robert, Jr.
Ibarra, Juliano
Lehman, Ronald
Snively, Harvey, Jr.
Adams, WM.
Morrison, John
Zorn, Frank
Company, or
UF Hort. Science
UF GCREC
Grove Crafters
UF SWFREC
UFTREC
A Duda and Sons, Inc.
UFTREC
IT Supply, Inc.
Ronelle Groves
Grower
Adams Citrus Nursery
River House Marketing Corp.
Santa Rosa Tropicals, (California)
Name
2,592.50 Speese, Orrinna
1,500.00 Whitney, Jodie
1,000.00 Crabes, Hubert, Jr.
750.00 Grierson, William
550.00 Klinger,Paul,Jr.
500.00 Rollins, William, Jr.
440.00 Jackson, Larry
400.00 Melton, Frank
315.00 Sharpe, Ralph
270.00 Norris, Robert
200.00 Rozar, Luther, Jr.
165.00 Stamps, Robert
155.00 Myersjoseph
150.00 Hule, Stephen
Company, or
UF
Hubert Graves Citrus, Inc.
Retired, UF
Lake Brantley Plant
Coe Collier Citrus Harvesting
Horticultural Consultant
Manatee Co. Ext. Svc.
Univ. of Florida
UF County Agent, retired
UF County Agent, retired
UF CFREC
Town and nnnntrv Real Estate
145.00
135.00
120.00
120.00
120.00
115.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
90.00
90.00
90.00
81.00
80.00
Less than $80 Total
Name
Babb, Raymond
Baldwin, Elizabeth
Balerdi, Carlos
Burns Jacqueline
Byrnes, Robert
Calvert, David
Clarke, Anthony
Crawford, Richard
Curran, Robert
Davies, Frederick
Douglas, Spencer
Doyle, Gary
Driscoll, Paul
Fazli, Syed
Forget, Louis
Fort, Raymond, Jr.
Griffith, Morris
Hatton, Thurmman, Jr.
Hayot, C. Way
Hayslip, Norman
Hodyss, Loretta
Karst, Loyd
Company, or
USDA Citrus and Subtropical
UF Dade Co. Ext. Svc.
UF CREC
Trail Ridge Nursery
UF IFAS IRREC
Mountain Lake Corp.
Crawford Groves
Roohm and Hass Co.
UF Hort. Sciences
Douglas Fertilizer and Chemical Co.
Horticulture Plus
Driscoll Citrus Savs.
Planta Boys, Inc.
Forget Bros. Groves
Peace River Packing Co.
Elf Atochem Decco
USDA, retired
Tree Trimmere & Assoc.
UF IRREC
St. Johns Co. Extension
Karst, Inc.
Name
Krezdorn, Rosemary
Lambeth, George, Jr.
Oswalt, Thomas
Parsons, Lawrence
Parvin, Phillip
Pucillo, Don
Pulling, John
Reese, Lucille
Reitz, Herman
Reynolds, Charles
Schnell, Raymond
Shembarger, Rick
Southwell, Jerald
Stephens, James
Strazzulla, Joseph
Talbot, Michael
Tress, Mitchell
Tucker, Edward
Vincent, Robert
Waters, William
Williams, Torri
Wolf, Benjamin
Company, or
Homemaker, retired
Golden River Fruit Co.
Polk Co. Ext. Service
UFCREC
Lldochem, Inc.
Pullings Tree Farm Temple
Reese Groves Partnership
Director, Lake Alfred, retired
USDAARS
Alpat Grove Care Co.
Hydro Agrl North America
UF Hort. Sciences Dept.
Strazzulla Bros. Co.
UFABE
XEBEC Corp.
IT Supply, Inc.
BVA Oils
UF GGREC
Novartic Seed, Inc.
Dr. Wolfs Agricultural Labs
TOTAL May 2000 11,855.50
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999. xxi
Row 1: (left to right) Monday morning general Society Session, after Continental Breakfast sponsored by Helena Chemical Co.; Dave Buchanan pave his presidential address; Larry Beasley receives a plaque of appreciation from Dr. Buchanan for his well earned Presidency 1998
Row 2: Former Society President, Walt Render and Kay and John Norris at Sunday night reception; new-comers, Jay and Debbie Pearson Diamond R Fertilizer Co., Winter Haven; and George Fitzpatrick tells 'em the way it is. '
Row 3: Julie Jackson, Joyce Buchanan and Martha Childers at reception; David McLean, Broward Community College and Carl Whitcomb Lauback Inc Stillwater, OK.; sorry, unidentified, Jan DeBoom, CPA, Wauchula and Syed F. Fazli, Trop. Amer. Ag. Consultant Services, Ft. Lauderdale Florida ' "
Row 4: David McLean and Derrick Burch, Ft. Lauderdale REC; Carolyn Best, FSHS Newsletter Editor, Punta Gorda UF Extension Center- thanks to Carlos Balerdi and Jonathan Crane of Homestead UF REC with Gene Joyner, West Palm Beach UF Extension, for the excellent tropical fruits display. Congrats to Harvey B. Snively, Winter Haven, who attends regularly and donates to Society Endowment Fund; Martha Childers and Andy Rose get acquainted
Row 5: Masoud and Mrs. Salyani and Fawzeya Ismail at reception; Lawrence Shaw, retired, Ag. Bio. Eng., Gainesville and Carlene Chase, Post-Doctorate Gainesville, working with Jim Gilreath of Bradenton; Bob Rouse, Immocalee REC and Herm Reitz, retired, Lake Alfred REC, in the hall.
XX11 Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
Row 1- (left to right) Dr. Jim T. Griffiths, Lakeland, Dr. and Mrs. Heinz K. Wutscher, Orlando at break time; Mike Stewart, Consolidated Citrus LP. Venice and Bel BudigSus REC Lake Alfred; Edna and retired Rubert Prevatt, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, and Martha Childers, Ga.nesv.lle; and Manon
R:w2P^eP:V^. SL (Russia), Ft. Pierce REC; Gene Albrigo, UF Citrus REC, Lake Alfred; Joe Garofalo UF Extension, Home-stead°MiL Talbot, UF Ag Bio. Eng., Gainesville; Dick Henley, UF REC, Apopka; and Shahab Hanifkhan, Horticulture Grad. Stud., UF Hort. So., Gamesvule,
fr° RowtyRetiring Secretary of Society, Dave Martsolf, UF Hort. Sci., Gainesville and Carl Campbell, retired, UFREC, Homestead; Edgar Holcomb, UF Ex-tension Immokalee REC; and the FCA Luncheon with John Norris, speaker.
Row ̂ Rosemary Krezdorn, Marco Island, at President's cocktail party; the Ronnie Reeds, former FSHS President and Treasurer at party Tamp* Scott Emerson, Editor, Citrus and Vegetable magazine, Tampa; Gordon Smith, FSHS Publicity Chairman, Nokomis; Herm Reitz, retired Director, Citrus UFREC, Lake Alfred- and a special of Mrs. Ronnie Reed, who attends FSHS Ann. Meetings regularly.
Row5^ Dave and Mary Martsolf at President's party, Gainesville; President Dave Buchanan and Joyce beneath "Buchanan's" ad at party; Dave Buchanan speaking to audience at President's Dinner; and the popular Larry and Julie Jackson, Auburndale.
Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999. XXlll
Row 1: (left to right) Pardon sonic duplication; giving a full record. Will Waters, incoming FSHS President and wife, Elizabeth, with Fawzeya Ismail-George Fitzpatrick helping with drinks at President's cocktail party and Larry Jackson egging him on; Mike Taylor, Mary Lambert Fitzpatrick, Scott Emerson and Kimberly A. Klock-Brown.
Row 2: Pete Spyke with friend, Cindy Cullen at President's party; Mary and George Fitzpatrick at the piano; Fawzeya IsmaU, Mary Beasley and EUzabeth Waters; Fawzeya and Mohamad Ismail singing at the piano at President's party.
Row 3: Another angle of President's Banquet; UF horticulture graduate students who presented papers: Graham Barry (S. Africa), Anas Siisila (Indonesia) Eho Jouicich (Argentina), Shahab Hanifkhan (Malaysia) and Andrea Molinari (Brazil); Florida Southern students attending and helping with the meeting (left to nght) Derek Duke, Dick Compton, Ajia Paolillo and Jason Short.
Row 4: Attending the Student Luncheon were faculty members: Malcomb Manners, Mary Lambert and George Fitzpatrick, Kim Klock-Moore and Tohn Griffis; at the Barbecue and Tour at end of Annual Meeting held at Ft. Pierce UF REC and new USDA facilities: the gathering at preview of Tour organized by directors; overflow members in foyer enjoying the Barbecue: Martha Childers, Joyce Buchanan, Elizabeth Waters and Norm Childers
Row 5: More members in foyer enjoying Tour food with Norm Todd; entering the USDA facility on Tour, and checking out the new facilities (Photos bv Norm Childers)
xxiv Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112: 1999.
