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rk>rqgweHRtHR(2016eH.)vXw>Ckoh.ng'D;w>uJG;eD.rRCgtylR<w>ymzsg0J'.=vX[D.cd.'Dbh.M.w>bl.w>bgtuvkm
vXtvDRqDvdmto;td.0J(4200)uvkmM.vDRIw>bl.w>bgvDRqDvdmto;tuvkmrh>tgxJM.ngb.q.<w>bl.w>bg
cd.oh.vXySRwl>vdm'D;pl>tDRemtDRtguwX>vX[D.cd.csXtHRtd.0JxJvHG>cgvXtrh>0J=[hh.'l.<bl;';<c&Hmzd'D;th;pvR(r)w>
bgM.vDRI
rh>'fod;(vDRqD'.w>)c&Hmzdol.bD.o;p>rk>rqgweHRtHRwz.uoh.ngb.0J'D;uohxd.o-wDR0J=w>bl.w>bgwcg'D;wcg
tw>pl>w>emcd.oh.vXtvDRqDvdmto;M.rh>w>rEkRoh.wz.vJ.<'D;uohoh.ngvDRwH>0Jw>bl.w>bgvXtpl>tem0Jw
cgM.tuH>tpDvDRwH>vDRqJ;uoht*D>o;td.uJG;zsgxD.w>bl.w>bgvHG>cgtw>pl>w>emcd.oh.tuH>tpDzk.udmzd'ftzDvm
tod;M.vDRI
[hO'lOwIbg (Hinduism)
ySRc&Hmzd’D;rl.pvh.w>bgrh>0HRM.[h.’l.w>bgtHRrh>ySReD.*H>tgu
wX>oX’l.w’l.vX[D.cd.’Dbh.M.vDRIxHuD>vXySRbg[h.’l.w>bg
ttguwX>M.rh>0J=th’H,g<eHRzDvf<’D;p&HRvJcgxHuD>M.vDRI
ü ?thoGR&./rh>,GRvXtrl0JvDRxlvDR,dmw*RIwcsK;vXrlcd.[D.cd.'D;w>o;orlwz.td.’H;b.tcgM.t0Jtd.ym
pXRvHvXw>cJvXmtrJmngM.vDRI
ü u,J>rh>w>td.vXrluydmvdRwz.<[D.cd.csXvXytd.wbh.tHR’D;u,J>w>td.vXtylRwz.M.?thoGR&./,GRwh
vDRymvDR0JvXtpdturDRcJvXmM.vDRI
ü [D.cd.vXytd.tDRwzsX.tHRw>qXuwD>rh>ySJRxD.woDM.?thoGR&./,GRurR[;*DRuHGmtDRwbsD<zJrk>[gvDRtqX
uwD><vXt0Ju[H;M>w>td.bSH;td.og’D;urHu*JR0Jt*D>M.vDRI(thoGR&.up>,GRtrk>eHRwoDM.vDRvdm'D;ySR[D.
cd.zdw>’G;teH.432uuJG>vDRI)
ü [D.cd.vXytd.tDRwzsX.tHRtzDcd.M.w>vD>td.0J(7)uxX’D;[D.cd.vXytd.tDRwzsX.tHRtzDvmM.w>vD>td.
u’D;0J(7)uxXvDRI
ü ?thoGR&./up>,GRxk;xD.[H;M>0JteD>up>tuh>t*DR(tzH;tn.)weDR’D;whvDR0J'.u,J>rh>w>vXtd.’D;to;o
rlvX[D.cd.csXwz.M.vDRIvXw>M.tCdw>vXtd.’D;to;orlwz.rh>oH0HRtvD>cHM.uuhRpJbl;u’guhR0Jqlth
oGR&.up>,GRtvdR‘D;uJxD.uhR0JwzH;CDwn.CD’D;thoGR&.up>,GRM.vDRI
ü ySR[D.cd.zdwz.p;xD.vXw>whvDRymvDRtDR0HR’D;wkRvXuuhRpJbl;b.u’g0JqlthoGR&.,GRtvdRM.<zJw>bX.
pXRt0Joh.to;orlub.oHb.yS>0HR'D;b.td.zsJ.xD.u'D;0JwC.0HRwC.,Hm,HmxXxXM.vDRI
ü wC.ngtHRzJetd.rltcgu,J>rh>erRwh>w>*hRw>0grh>*hR<erRw>tXw>oDrh>*hRwz.M.erh>oH’D;uuhRydmxJGecHcJ
vXmwkRvXerh>td.zsJ.xD.u’D;eD>wC.tcgM.vDRI
ü thoGR&.up>,GRM.td.’D;w>pdurDRvXuqDwvJbSDb.C.vdRM>ySRunDw*Rtw>td.rltusJohIb.q.wrR0J’f
M.b.I[h.0Jw>obVvXvXySJRySJRvXySRunDuCkxXrR0JzJteD>up>tw>b.o;’.t0Jtod;M.vDRI
ü [h.'l.w>bgtw>uG>pdrh>0J=ySRunDw>td.rltHR’fod;uylRzsJ;xD.uHGmvXw>b.[Jtd.zsJ.xD.u’guhRwC.0HRw
C.<‘D;uuhRtd.b.uhRwzH;CDwn.CDql ?thoGR&./,GRtylRySJR’D;w>rkmw>ck.M.vDRI
ü ySRunDM.‘fod;uxH.w>rh>w>wDt*D>ub.ymwh>uHGmtw>qdrd.qdr;vXtb.C;’D;[D.cd.w>*h>w>usdRwz.’D;t
o;M.ub.pJbl;’D;?thoGR&./,GRwy,lmCDvDRIyub.td.wDtd.vdR‘D;ympDqSHyo;<yub.wl>e;wl>zSD.wl>qg
cD.qgyo;vXeD>cduh>*DRwyR’fod;yuM>b.eD>o;w>*H>w>bgt*D>M.vDRI
bl;';wIbg (Buddhism)
ü em0J'.vXup>,GRM.rh>’.ySR[D.cd.zdvDRIrh>vXt0Joh.usJ;pX;td.rlvXw>*hRw>0gw>wDw>vdRylRtCduJxD.up>
,GRvDRIxhR&;0R';tHRtd.tgvXuvHRpd;xHuD>wz.= p&HRvJcg<uD>y,DR<uDF.wJ.uD><uRbD’H,gI
ü w>vk>xD.ymxD.e;{dRzD{dRtd.b.q.oDcgwz.M.wrRb.C;to;’D;w>wz.M.b.I
ü eu’d;eh>fb.edAŠmef(w>vDRr>txlt,dm)t*D>eub.rRw>*hRw>0g<usJ;pX;td.rlvXt*hRuwX>0HRerh>oHr.’D;eu’d;
M>b.uhR0JedAŠmefM.vDRI
ü r[R,Re.wz.M.em0JvX=up>,GRM.rh>w>[JvDRpXRvDRoJG.vd.xD.z;xD.to;vXw>txlt,dmvXtrh>0Je;{dR
zD{dRwz.M.vDRI
ü ySRemr[R,Re.wz.td.tgvXuvHRpd;xHuD>=eHRyDvf<blRw.<xHbJ;<&&SguD><w&l;uD><cdR&H,guD>'D;uFy.uD>M.
vDRII
ü pl>em0JvXe;{dRzD{dRM.rh>ySRvXuuJxD.,GRwz.It0Joh.[JuwXxD.(td.zsJ.xD.)vXe;{dRzD{dRM.vDRI
ü edAŠmefM.rh>w>rkmw>ck.tCdzJetd.rlvX[D.cD.tcg’.vJmeo;rh>rkm’D;rh>e’d;M>b.edAŠmefM.vDRI
§ rk><vg<q.<rlcd.<[D.cd.’D;u,J>rh>w>td.vXtylRwrHRv>v>M.[JuJxD.’.vXtup>tw>’.0JvDRIwrh>up>,GR
whvDRymvDR0JeDwcgb.I
(w>cJvXmM.tcD.xH;cD.bd[JuJxD.0J'.vX?[D.cd.<rh.tl<uvHR<xH/vHG>cgtHRymzSd.xD.to;’D;uJxD.0J’.vDRI
t’d=[D.cd.zsX.<ySRunD<q.zduD>zd<w>rJw>rgwz.M.rh>0J[D.cd.<rh.tl<uvHR<xHymzSd.xD.to;'D;uJxD.0JM.
vDRI)
§ ?ySRw*R*hRw*R*hRrh>usJ;pX;/0J’D;?uJxD.up>,GRoh/0J’.vDRI (uDwr;uuJxD.up>,GRt*D>w>qXuwD>wHmwm0J
510 C.vDR)
§ ,GRtd.xD.wh>0J(4)*RvHIup>,GRutd.xD.’H;0JtoDw*RvDRI(uukoef<aum%*Hk<u\y<a*gwr< )
§ vXrluydRvdRw>b.wh(universel)tylRM.w>vD>td.0J'.tywD>(31)cgvDRI
§ w>rk>v>uG>pdrh>0J= rh>‘fod;’D;yoH0HRyokwb.[JuwXxD.u’D;wC.0HRwC.vXRw*hR<‘D;u’d;M>b.(edAŠmef)
w>vDRr>txlt,dmt*D>vDRI
§ wC.tHRerh>rRw>*hRw>0grRbl.rRwD>tgtgM.<eoH0HReD>wC.’D;eu[JuwXxD.b.vXw>td.rltywD>xDvDRI
wC.tHRerh>wrR*hRw>0gerh>wrRbl.rRwD>b.M.eD>wC.’D;euuJxD.ySRzSD.ySR,m<euuJxD.q.zduD>zdvDRI
§ uM>b.(edAŠmef)w>vDRr>txlt,dmt*D>yeD>up>’.0Jyb.td.*hRtd.0g< rRw>wDw>vdR<rRbl.rRwD>tgtg=
§ edAŠmeftd.cHywD>=
(1) oOyg’dedAŠmef=(rh>ySRolySRySdRwz.Iw>vXtvd.b.0JM.xJqdrd.xD.0J’D;w>uJxD.vd.xD.vXt*D>ohcJvXmI
vJRw>ohxJtuvR<teD>cdvJRwohb.)
(2) tekyg’daooedAŠmef= (oH0HReD>cdeD>o;vDRr>cJvXmIw>oHuwXxD.eD>wC.'D;wtd.eDwbsDvXRb.)
c&HPzdwIbg (Christianity)
! up>,GRvXybgtDRw*RM.rh>0J?,GRoX*Rw*RCD/vXtrh>0J=y>,GR<zdcGg,GR’D;o;oDqSH,GRM.vDRI
! w>oH0HRtvD>cHM.td.’D;w>rltxlt,dmvDRIySRc&Hmzdwz.M.td.cd;uG>v>0Jup>c&Hmtw>[JcHbsDwbsDvXu[Jpdm
M>t0Joh.w>ol.rkmo;rH(w>tk.uhRcD.uhR)zJrk>pH.nD.teHRM.vDRI
! vXyw>’J;b;tCdup>c&Hmwl>oHto;vXy*D>vXxl.pkngtvdR<‘D;oH0J’D;b.w>cl.vDRuHGmtDR<‘D;vXoXeHRweHRM.
*JRqXxX.orlxD.u’guhR0J<’D;uhRxD.0Jqlrlcd.<zJM.u[Ju’D;toDwbsDvXupH.nD.ySRrl'D;ySRoHwz.M.vDRI
! ySR[D.cd.zdud;*R’J;M.rh>ySRw>’J;b;zdvXup>,GRtcD.xH;rJmngtCdub.wl>w>pH.nD.ud;*R'J;vDRIvXw>M.t
Cdyvd.b.ySRvXutk.uhRcD.uhRySRvXyw>'J;b;w*RoyS>uwX>vDRI
! ySRvXtutk.uhRcD.uhRySRvXyw>’J;b;ohM.rh>xJup>,h.&SL;c&HmxJw*R{dRvDRIy’d;M>up>c&Hmtw>tk.uhRcD.
uhRySRohcDzsdvXyw>emtCdvDRI
H
th;pv:(r)wIbg (Islam) (
§ w>uwdR?Islam/rh>tR&bh;w>uwdR’D;tcDynDrh>0J
?w>rkmw>ck.<w>pDw>qSH<w>’due./ySRvXt’due.
(Allah),GRtuvk>tw>od.w>oDwz.I
§ ySRvXt’due.(Alah),GRtuvk>tw>od.w>oDwz.
M.w>ud;t0Joh.vX ?ySRrl;pvh./zdM.vDRI
th;pv:(r)wIblOwIbgtwIplIwIeP
§ ,GRtd.xJw*R{dR<rh>,GRvXrl0JvDRxlvDR,dm<td.’D;w>pdw>urDR<w>ol.unDRw>o;unDR<‘D;rh>,GRvXtwhvDRym
vDRw>cJvXm’D;[h.o;unDRw>w*RvDRI § vXySR[D.cd.zdt*D>M.w>pH.nD.trk>eHRtd.0JvDRI § ySR[D.cd.zdw>td.rltw>rk>v>uG>pdM.rh>0J=w>ub.bl.xD.bgxD.up>,GRM.vDRI
§ ySRw*Rv>v>zJttd.zsJ.xD.tcgM.w>’J;b;wtd.’D;tDReDwrHRb.IzJetd.rlvX[D.cd.tcgerh>wrRw>’J;b;eDw
rHRb.M.eylRzsJ;’D;w>’J;b;vDRI
§ w>’J;b;vXrd>’d.y>’d.(eD>tH.tk'D;pDRtR';)rR0JM.wvDRpXRydmxJGqlySR[D.cd.zdvXcHwpdRtzDcd.b.IpDRtR’;rh>ySR
rRur.w>tqduwX>w*RIb.q.t0JChun;up>,GR’D;up>,GRo;unDRwl>vdmtw>Chun;vDRI
§ cDzsdvXup>,GRtw>[H;pkeJ.usJtCdM.ySR[D.cd.zdrRylRzsJ;xD.teD>up>to;vXtw>’J;b;ylRoh0JvDRI
yu’d;M>b.w>tk.uhRcD.uhRt*D>?w>em’D;w>rR/ub.td.’D;ySRvDRIw>emvXwtd.’D;w>rR*hRw>b.M.wrh>w>vXw>
ySJRb.tod;<w>rRvXwtd.’D;w>emb.M.wrh>w>vXw>ySJRph>ud;b.I
zJytd.rl’H;tcgu,J>rh>=yw>qdrd.qdr;<yw>pH;w>uwdR‘D;yw>zH;w>rRvXyrRwh>tDRwz.M.ub.w>uJG;eD.CmtDRcJvXm
vXup>,GRtvHmuJG;eD.tylR<’D;ub.w>z;zsgxD.uhRtDRvXup>,GRrJmngvXrk>pH.nD.trk>eHRtcgM.vDRIySRvXttd.’D;
w>uJG;eD.rRCgvXtrR*hRw>wz.M.ub.w>wl>vdmrkmtDRvXrlcd.bDrk>’D;ySRvXttd.’D;w>uJG;eD.rRCgvXtrRw>tXw
z.M.ub.w>pH.nD.C.tDRqlv&mrh.tltylRM.vDRI
More information: www.aboutbuddhism.org/
www.ask.com/History+Of+Islam+In+Hindi
www.covingtoninnovations.com/christian.html