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The Four Types of Sentences
SimpleCompoundComplex
Compound-Complex
What is an independent clauseindependent clause?
An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sentence.
(http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/598/01/)
Example:The bird flew away from its nest. (subject) (verb)
What is a dependent clause?A dependent clause is a group of words that
contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word. (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/598/01/)
Example:
When the bird flew away from its nest,… (subject) + (verb) but an incomplete thought!
Dependent Marker WordsA dependent marker word is a word added to the
beginning of an independent clause that makes it into a dependent clause. (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/598/01/)
Common Dependent Marker Wordsafter although as as ifbecause before even if/thoughifin order to since thoughunlessuntil whatever when wheneverwhether while
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence consists of ONE independent clause (ONE subject, ONE verb).
Examples:The choir sang.The choir sang beautifully on Christmas morning.The choir sang beautifully on Christmas morning
even without their star soprano.
Compound Sentence
Two or more independent clauses connected by a conjunction or a semi-colon.
Examples:The choir sang, and the musicians accompanied them.The star soprano was sick, but the show went on without
her.The performance was outstanding; it was one of the best
ever!
Complex Sentence
ONE independent clause + AT LEAST ONE dependent clause
Examples:
The bird flew away from its nest when it detected a predator.
While the cake was baking, the children decorated the house for the party.
Compound-Complex Sentence
TWO (or more) independent clauses + AT LEAST ONE dependent clause
Examples:Although I enjoy reading, it has been awhile since I
had time to finish a book; I am always at work!First, you need to take a quiz, and before you
leave today, you need to turn in your paper.