THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Chapter 3.4

RIVALS FOR AN EMPIRE

France and Britain were fierce rivals

French colony of New France only had 70,000 pop.

British colonies had >1,000,000 pop.

New France focused on fur trade and conversion, not societal growth

French colonists on friendly terms with Native Americans

Formed several military alliances together

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1.Why did France begin colonizing N. America?

2.What did the French colonies focus on?

3.What did this lead to?

BRITAIN DEFEATS AN OLD ENEMY

France built Fort Duquesne in British territory

Virginia governor sent a militia (group of ordinary citizens who perform military duties) to evict the French

Militia led by George Washington

Built Fort Necessity 40 miles from French fort

Washington’s militia unsuccessfully attacked small group of French soldiers

Beginning of the French and Indian War (1754 – 1763 CE)

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1.What is a militia?

2.Why was a militia called out in the first place?

3.Who led this militia?

EARLY FRENCH VICTORIES

British forces attacked Fort Duquesne 1 year after Washington’s defeat Ambushed by French and Native Americans; major defeat

Britain continued losing battles for 2 years, leading many colonists to question Britain’s competence

British King George II chose new leaders to command militaryWilliam Pitt led Britain to several victories Iroquois joined British side

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1.What was the result of the second assault on Fort Duquesne?

2.Why was Britain’s lack of success for two years significant?

3.Why did Britain suddenly begin winning?

END OF THE WAR

War ended in 1763 with the Treaty of ParisBritain claimed all of France’s territory + everything east of the Mississippi River + Florida

Native Americans fear for their future

PONTIAC’S WAR

Ottawa chief Pontiac angry with British rulePontiac led several tribes to capture 8 British forts

Britain called for peace talks; “gifted” smallpox-infected blankets to Native diplomats

Natives surrender

Partially as a result of Pontiac’s War, Britain issued the Proclamation of 1763; banned settlement west of Appalachians Colonists angered, ignored proclamation

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1.Who was the chief of the Ottawa following the end of the French and Indian War?

2.What did Britain do as a result of Pontiac’s War?

3.What did the Proclamation of 1763 proclaim?

BRITAIN AND ITS COLONIES GROW APART

Britain angered its colonists in many ways, including:Massachusetts authorized British officials to search merchant property

Britain stationed 10,000 troops in the colonies to control Natives Made colonists uneasy

Strained the British budget

Sugar Act Increased measures to enforce the collection of taxes and prevent smuggling

Colonists tried in royal courts, not local colony courts

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. In what ways did Britain anger its North American colonists?

2. What effects did stationing 10,000 troops in the colonies have?

3. What did the Sugar Act do?

4. Why did colonists hate it?