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The French statistics on enterprise groups and the
globalization
Raoul Depoutot, INSEE, FRANCEDominique Francoz, INSEE, FRANCE
The economic context
• Restructuring of economic activity
• Globalization
• Outsourcing
Outline of the presentation
• The statistical system to observe enterprise groups
• The economic use to follow up the globalization
• The ongoing projects
The organization of information on enterprise groups
LIFI
DIANE
DREE
TREASURY BOARD
SUSE
The survey on FInancial LInks (LIFI)
• The target population :
Firms reaching one of the following criteria :– Total amount of equity interest > 1,2 M€– Number of employees > 500– Turnover > 30 M€– Head of an enterprise group– directly controlled by a foreign corporation
The survey on FInancial LInks (LIFI), cont’d
• Information included in the questionnaire :– Identification characteristic of the surveyed firm
– Information on the shareholders
– Information on the affiliates or subsidiary of the firm
The survey on FInancial LInks (LIFI), cont’d
• Variables included in the questionnaire :
For each shareholder of the surveyed company
For each subsidiary or affiliate of the surveyed company
- ID number- activity
- % of capital
For the surveyed company : ID number, main activity, corporation name, adress, legal status, number of employees, total value of majority and minority interests
- corporate name- adress (nationality)
- percentage of voting rights
The LIFI survey, cont’dDesigning each group of enterprises
• Statistical unit : enterprise group
• Definitions :– Enterprise group– Head of the group– Core of the enterprise group– Extended enterprise group
100 %
40 %
S4
S1
S2S3
S5
S12
S11
30 %
40 %
20%
80 %
Source : Insee Poitou-Charentes – Service statistique – Pôle national « Liaisons Financières »
The survey on FInancial LInks (LIFI), cont’d
• Need to complete this information– Enlarge the target population– Have more information on foreign activity
(foreign affiliates and foreign parent companies)
– Add economic variables
The LIFI survey, cont’d :
Source : Insee Poitou-Charentes – Service statistique – Pôle national « Liaisons Financières »
If F1 surveyed
?
E1F3
F2F1
G2G1?
Trésor
E1
France
F2
Abroad
F1
G1
E2E3
?
F3
?
Dree
Diane
DIANE
• To enlarge the target population– Private database edited by COFACE SCRL
and BVD– Information published by the French
corporation courts– Data on small firms
The DREE survey
• To better cover the affiliates abroad– Survey on French affiliates followed up by
the commercial offices in the French Embassies
– To have information on the ultimate host– To have economic information on the
French affiliates abroad (turnover, employees)
The Treasury Board information
• To better cover the foreign parent companies– Administrative information– To have information on the ultimate
beneficial owner– To better attribute a citizenship to the
firms under foreign control
The SUSE data
• To include economic data– Result of both administrative and survey data– At the level of legal units– Available :
• Income statement• Balance sheet• Main activity code• Breakdown of sales by product• Workforce characteristics
Some results …
Number of enterprise groups 2002
Share of economic activity under foreign
controlFrench groups 24 302Foreign groups 7 031 22,4%Total 31 333
incl micro-groups (<=500 empl.)Number of legal units involved French legal units 89 527Legal units under foreign control 17 686 16,5%Total 107 213Number of employees ('000)French groups 11 995Foreign groups 1 952 14,0%Total 13 947Value added (in M€)French groups 616,0Foreign groups 130,3 17,5%Total 746,3Source : INSEE (LIFI , SUSE), DIANE (co-edition Bureau Van Dijk/COFACE SCRL)
The use of the LIFI data in the economic analysis of globalization
• The weight of foreign firms in the economic activity
Breakdown of resident corporations (France – 2002)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Number of corporations Value added Own capital Number of employees
Independent corporation
Corp. of a listed French EG
Corp. of a non-listed French EG
Corp. of a foreign EG
Development of the foreign controlled economy
Employees ('000)
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
French EGs
Foreign Egs
Independent companies
The use of the LIFI data in the economic analysis of globalization
• The weight of foreign firms in the economic activity
• Globalization and outsourcing of French activity
The use of the LIFI data in the economic analysis of globalization
6,0
2,0
3,8
2,0
Indep.
EGs3.5
100% Fr
Foreign
France RoW
Millions of Employees
The current and future developments
• To consider enterprise groups as statistical units– To define economic entities in the frame of
group which will be the collection units (profiling)
– To develop a statistical register of EGs– To produce consolidated economic data on
EGs– To integrate the EG as a data collection unit
The current and future developments, cont’d
• To develop a statistical register of EGs– To define the continuity of EGs
• Develop relevant concepts for EGs demography• Analyze the result of mergers / split off
– To coordinate with other French statistical offices
– To improve the registration of foreign corporation (abroad)
The current and future developments, cont’d
• To produce consolidated economic data on EGs– To avoid double counts on some variables
(Financial assets, sales)
The current and future developments, cont’d
S2Consolidation of sales:
2500
6000
2001500
300
S3
S1500
S2b
250150
500
= Economic flow
Statistical RealS1 3300 2500S2 6250 6000S2b 350 200S3 2000 1500
The current and future developments, cont’d
• To produce consolidated economic data on EGs– To avoid double counts on some variables
(Financial assets, sales)
– To have a better information of the international activity of MNEs
To produce consolidated economic data on EGs : an example
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Consolidated turnover - world
Consolidated turnover - France
The current and future developments, cont’d
• To produce consolidated economic data on EGs : some difficulties– Not compatible with the national territory
– No currently available for many EGS
– National sub-consolidation expansive
The current and future developments, cont’d
• To integrate the EG as a data collection unit– A first experience : the survey on intangible
assets (R&D and innovation, patents and licensing, marketing)
Thank you for your attention
Insee Poitou-Charentes – Service statistique – Pôle national « Liaisons Financières »