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The Future Air Traffic Control System
Presented by:
Geoffrey Bailey Kors van den Boogaard Don Willis
Eurocontrol International Air Transport Association U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
“The Wright Brothers created the single greatest cultural force since the invention of
writing. The airplane became the first World Wide Web, bringing people, languages, ideas and values together.”
- Bill Gates
Overview
• The importance of civil aviation to the global community
• Aeronautical radio spectrum – in general
• The global players
• Future aviation technologies
• The way ahead
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Civil Aviation Importance• Total direct impact of air transport
on gross world output amounts to at least US$1,360B
• Air transport itself provides 28 Million jobs worldwide
• Health and welfare…brings people together…makes our world smaller
• International commerce…business travel…transport of goods
• Stringent technical requirements for aeronautical safety systems stretch technological capabilities
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Aeronautical Radio Spectrum• General goals for aeronautical radio spectrum supporting international safety
services:– Allocated exclusively for aviation– Allocated globally
• Aeronautical radio spectrum required to:– Navigate through the airspace – Monitor aircraft movements– Communications; to provide safe separation and avoid collisions
• Why these requirements?– Need for high levels of integrity– Need for high levels of availability
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Radio spectrum used for Aeronautical operations
NDB
190KHz - 535kHz 74.8MHz - 75.2MHz
ILS Marker Beacon
HF Air/GroundComm unications
3MHz - 30MHz
1215MHz - 1400MHz960MHz -
DME, SSR,SatNav
En Route Radar,SatNav
ILS G lide Slope
328.4MHz - 334.6MHz
W eather Radar
5350MHz - 5470MHz
Surface Movem ent Radar
15.4GHz - 16.4GHz
Approach Radar
9000MHz - 9500MHz
Radio Altim eter
4200MHz - 4400MHz
Approach Radar Approach Radar
2700MHz - 2900MHz - 3100MHz
SatelliteComm s (Uplink)
1626MHz - 1660MHz
Satellite Navigationand augm entations
SatelliteComm s
(Downlink)
- 1610MHz1525MHz - 1559MHz
Aeronautical Radionavigation
(MLS etc)
5030MHz - 5250MHz
Key High spectrum issues
Medium
Low Navigation
Com m unications
Airborne
Surveillance
DopplerNavAid
8750MHz - 8850MHz
Doppler Radar
13.25GHz - 13.4GHz
Loran -C
90 kHz 110 kHz
108MHz - 112 MHz - 118MHz
VOR, GBAS
ILS Loc, VOR, GBAS
VHF Air/Ground
Comm unications
- 137MHz
The Global Players
• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO): Plays the key role in developing international standardization to implement a truly global air traffic system; 188 Contracting States
• International Air Transport Association (IATA): Brings together approximately 270 airlines, including the world’s largest. Flights by these airlines comprise more than 98% of all international scheduled air traffic
• Eurocontrol, ASECNA, COCESNA, and the civil aviation authorities: Provide air traffic control services to ensure safe and efficient air travel
• International Telecommunication Union: key agency in providing the global spectrum allocations needed for global air traffic control system; ICAO, IATA, Eurocontrol, and other aviation bodies are observers to ITU and provide inputs on aviation matters
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“…the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the
nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security…”
Preamble to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 1944
Future Aviation Technologies
• Civil aviation need to support traffic growth for increased levels of safety, security and efficiency drives future aviation requirements
• Communications: primary issue is shortage of bandwidth to support all air traffic control communications requirements
• Navigation: increased traffic requires increased navigation accuracy
• Surveillance: goal is to provide the pilot and controller with more tools for better situational awareness and improve safe separation in remote airspace
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RADIOLOCATION
System Trends
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COMMUNICATIONS
NAVIGATION
SURVEILLANCE
RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS
RADIONAVIGATION
NEW DEFINITION(S) ?
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
System Trends…Examples…
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COMMUNICATIONS
NAVIGATION
SURVEILLANCE
SIGNAL IN SPACE APPLICATIONS
AUTOMATICDEPENDENT
SURVEILLANCE
GNSS ENHANCEMENT
SITUATIONAWARENESS
Spectrum Congestion
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AIR TRAFFIC CAPACITY GROWTH
INCREASEDCNS
CONGESTED RADIOSPECTRUM
(e.g., VHF COMMS)
DEMANDS
DEPENDENT UPON
Spectrum Congestion…Possible Solutions…
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• Need to be able to move applications to new radio spectrum
• Adoption of advanced technology
• New definition(s) for use of aeronautical radio spectrum by global aviation
Communications Future Technologies• Currently there are three AM(R)S standards to support unique
requirements around the world:– Double-sideband, amplitude modulated voice (25 kHz channelization): used
around the world except in parts of core Europe – Double-sideband, amplitude modulated voice (8.33 kHz channelization): used in
parts of core Europe due to severe radio spectrum congestion– Digital modulation: global standards exist, however, the system has limited
implementation
• International civil aviation is currently studying its future needs for AM(R)S spectrum to support air traffic control communications– WRC-2007 Agenda Item 1.6
• One of the critical needs: enhanced aviation security
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Navigation Future Technologies
• International civil aviation vision is for a space-based global navigation system, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)– Lessens the need for ground infrastructure – Provides true global capabilities
• Several complementary systems make up the GNSS:– GLONASS provided by Russian Federation– GPS provided by U.S.– Future Galileo provided by Europe
• Radio spectrum to support a modernized GNSS was allocated at WRC-2003
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Surveillance Future Technologies
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• Goal is to provide more autonomy to the pilot:
– Allow self-separation in certain airspace – Provide air-to-air surveillance in uncontrolled and remote airspace– Enhance situational awareness
• ICAO has standardized:
• Mode S extended squitter (1090 MHz)
• VDL-4 (spectrum allocated at WRC-2003)
• An additional system, UAT, is currently being standardized by ICAO and spectrum to accommodate complete functionality will be identified at WRC-2007
The Way Ahead and Issues
• Administrations support ICAO position as possible in their Positions and with Proposals to WRC-2007
• There are many WRC-2007 agenda items of importance to international civil aviation; in particular, Agenda Item 1.6
• In future years, work within ITU to develop international radio regulations and allocations that support the future needs of international civil aviation
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