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IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
The Future of HydrogenMechthild Wörsdörfer, Director, Sustainability, Technology and OutlooksFuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholder Forum, Brussels, 21st November 2019
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
Hydrogen – A common element of our energy future?
• Momentum currently behind hydrogen is unprecedented, with more and more policies, projects andplans by governments & companies in all parts of the world
• Hydrogen can help overcome many difficult energy challenges
- Integrate more renewables, including by enhancing storage options & tapping their full potential
- Decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors such as steel, chemicals, trucks, ships & planes
- Enhance energy security by diversifying the fuel mix & providing flexibility to balance grids
• But there are challenges: costs need to fall; infrastructure needs to be developed; cleaner hydrogen isneeded; and regulatory barriers persist
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
Policy support for hydrogen is increasing
A growing number of countries have policies to encourage hydrogen deployment, mainly focusing ontransport.
0 5 10 15 20
Industry
Power generation
Buildings heat and power
Trucks
Electrolysers
Buses
Vehicle refuelling stations
Passenger cars
Number of countries
Combined incentiveswith targets
Targets withoutincentives
Incentives withouttargets
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
Global stock of fuel cell cars
About 4 000 fuel cell cars were sold in 2018, but they only represent a small fraction of the global light-duty vehicle fleet.
0
2 500
5 000
7 500
10 000
12 500
2017 2018
Num
bero
fveh
icles
Others
China
Rest of Europe
France
Germany
Korea
Japan
United States
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
Europe is a global pioneer for clean hydrogen projects
Electrolysis projects have expanded in Europe, but have much less potential to produce clean hydrogenthan two CCUS projects.
Clean hydrogen production capacity additions in Europe (thousand tonnes/year)
Electrolysis CCUS
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
2005
-06
2007
-08
2009
-10
2011
-12
2013
-14
2015
-16
2017
-18
Heat
Electricitystorage
Gas gridinjections
Vehicles
Industrialfeedstocks 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
2005
-06
2007
-08
2009
-10
2011
-12
2013
-14
2015
-16
2017
-18
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
Hydrogen is already part of the energy mix
Dedicated hydrogen production is concentrated in very few sectors today, and virtually all of it isproduced using fossil fuels, as a result of favourable economics.
0
20
40
60
80
2018
Mt/
yr
Hydrogen production
Other
Refining
Chemicals
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
2018
Mt/
yr
CO2
Gas
Oil
Coal
0
2
4
6
8
Natural gas Natural gasw/CCUS
Coal Renewables
USD
/kg
Hydrogen production costs, 2018
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
Hydrogen production with CO2 capture is coming online
Low-carbon hydrogen from fossil fuels is produced at commercial scale today, with more plantsplanned. It is an opportunity to reduce emissions from refining and industry.
Facilities with hydrogen production and CCUS
OperationalPlanned
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
Renewables hydrogen costs are set to decline
The declining costs of solar PV and wind could make them a low-cost source for hydrogen productionin regions with favourable resource conditions.
Long-term hydrogen production costs from solar & wind systems USD/kgH2
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
The challenge to 2030: expand hydrogen beyond existing applications
Dependable demand from current industrial applications can boost clean hydrogen production;policies & industry targets suggest increasing use in other sectors, but ambition needs to increase.
Growth in hydrogen use based on announced policies, 2018-2030
New uses
BuildingsTrucksCarsOther
Growth to 2030, 24 Mt
Chemicals
Refining
Steel
New uses
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
Four key opportunities for scaling up hydrogen to 2030
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
The IEA’s 7 key recommendations to scale up hydrogen
1. Establish a role for hydrogen in long-term energy strategies
2. Stimulate commercial demand for clean hydrogen
3. Address investment risks for first-movers
4. Support R&D to bring down costs
5. Eliminate unnecessary regulatory barriers and harmonise standards
6. Engage internationally and track progress
7. Focus on four key opportunities to further increase momentum over the next decade
Stay tuned for upcoming analysis – the IEA will be launching ETP 2020 in June next year, which will include
an assessment of cost effective technology choices to enhance energy security and reach net-zero
emissions.
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
