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The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
The Future of NVIS Display The Future of NVIS Display MeasurementMeasurement
Dr. Richard Young
Optronic Laboratories, Inc.
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
IntroductionIntroduction
Thanks to the excellent quality of modern scanning instruments, NVIS compatibility
measurements have become almost routine.
What improvements could instrument manufacturers make…
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
IntroductionIntroduction
• Better sensitivity, so low luminance small spot sizes can be measured as easily as high luminance large spot sizes.
• Less variation in results
• Faster scans
• Greater portability and ruggedness
• Lower cost
A wish-list for improvements…
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
Sensitivity and VariabilitySensitivity and VariabilityAn Example of OL 750S-NVG performance vs MIL sensitivity specification
1.0E-15
1.0E-14
1.0E-13
1.0E-12
1.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.0E-09
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
Wavlength [nm]
Rad
ian
ce @
10:
1 S
/N [
W/(
cm²
nm
sr)
]
0.18mm spot size
0.3mm spot size
0.6mm spot size
1.8mm spot size
3.0mm spot size
MIL specification
Much of the Much of the variability is variability is due to the due to the
longer longer wavelengthswavelengths
Much of the Much of the variability is variability is due to the due to the
longer longer wavelengthswavelengths
Scanning systems have Scanning systems have plenty of sensitivityplenty of sensitivity
Scanning systems have Scanning systems have plenty of sensitivityplenty of sensitivity
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
Sensitivity and VariabilitySensitivity and VariabilityOL 750S-NVG and OL 770-NVS performance vs MIL sensitivity specification
1.0E-15
1.0E-14
1.0E-13
1.0E-12
1.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.0E-09
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
Wavlength [nm]
Rad
ian
ce @
10:
1 S
/N [
W/(
cm²
nm
sr)
]
0.18mm spot size0.3mm spot size0.6mm spot size1.8mm spot size3.0mm spot sizeOL 770-NVS @ 0.17mm spot sizeMIL specification
There is no There is no dramatic dramatic change in change in
longer longer wavelength wavelength sensitivitysensitivity
There is no There is no dramatic dramatic change in change in
longer longer wavelength wavelength sensitivitysensitivity
The OL 770-NVS detector is based on The OL 770-NVS detector is based on silicon, and hence has a different shape,silicon, and hence has a different shape,The OL 770-NVS detector is based on The OL 770-NVS detector is based on
silicon, and hence has a different shape,silicon, and hence has a different shape,
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
Spectroradiometer designSpectroradiometer design
Detector
Exit Slit
Entrance Slit
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
Spectroradiometer designSpectroradiometer design
Detector
Exit Slit
Entrance Slit
Rotation
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
Spectroradiometer designSpectroradiometer designMulti-channelDetector
Entrance Slit
NO Rotation
(Each elementbehaves like adetector + slit)
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
The Multiplex AdvantageThe Multiplex Advantage
• When all the light is “seen” all the time:– Noise is decreased.– Sensitivity is increased.– Measurements can be faster.
The multiplex advantage means that an instrument simultaneously measuring a signal over a range of frequencies obtains a t1/2 advantage in the time t required to obtain a given signal-to-noise ratio compared to that which would be necessary using dispersive methods if the noise is detector-limited.
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/MultiplexAdvantage.html
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
Spectroradiometer designSpectroradiometer design• The OL 770-NVS is a special type of
spectroradiometer, many decades better than other multi-channel devices.– Far higher sensitivity– Much lower noise– Orders of magnitude lower stray light– Vastly improved electronics– Dedicated software– State-of-the-art technology
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
MIL Spec: OthersMIL Spec: Others• A.3.3. Wavelength accuracy & repeatability
– Accuracy typical <0.5 nm, spec. 1 nm– Repeatability typical <0.01 nm, spec. 0.5 nm
• A.3.4. Current Resolution– 16 bit, spec. 12 bit.
• A.3.5. Zero Drift– Typical <0.01%, spec. 0.2%
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
MIL Spec: OthersMIL Spec: Others• A.3.6. Linearity
– In scale <0.5%, spec. 1%– Between scales <0.1%, spec. 2%
• A.3.7. Signal Conditioning– Required controls for improving s/n provided
• A.3.8. Stray light– Passes easily
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
MIL Spec: OthersMIL Spec: Others• A.3.9. Spectroradiometer Optics
– Full scale at <0.1 fL, spec. 1 fL (at 0.007” spot size)
• A.3.10. Spectroradiometer Viewing System– Exact, spec. <5% of spot diameter
• A.3.11. Spectroradiometer Accuracy– Typically < 1%, spec. 5%– Typically u’v’ <0.0003, spec. 0.007
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
Other AdvantagesOther Advantages• Since there are no moving parts
– the construction is rugged and compact– results are highly repeatable– time taken in moving the monochromator,
changing filters etc. is avoided
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
Other AdvantagesOther Advantages• Since there is no photomultiplier
– A very expensive component is avoided– The detector is not damaged by strong light– High voltages are not required
• Since all the wavelengths are measured at the same time– It doesn’t matter if the source is d.c., a.c.,
modulated or flashed
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
An Intercomparison StudyAn Intercomparison Study
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
An Intercomparison StudyAn Intercomparison Study
Green BGreen BGreen BGreen B NVIS RedNVIS RedNVIS RedNVIS RedNVIS YellowNVIS YellowNVIS YellowNVIS Yellow
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
An Intercomparison StudyAn Intercomparison StudySpectral Radiance of Samples
1.0E-12
1.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.0E-09
1.0E-08
1.0E-07
1.0E-06
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
Wavelength [nm]
Sp
ec
tra
l R
adia
nc
e [
W c
m-2
nm
-1]
NVIS Green B
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
An Intercomparison StudyAn Intercomparison StudySpectral Radiance of Samples
1.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.0E-09
1.0E-08
1.0E-07
1.0E-06
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
Wavelength [nm]
Sp
ec
tra
l R
adia
nc
e [
W c
m-2
nm
-1]
NVIS Yellow
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
An Intercomparison StudyAn Intercomparison StudySpectral Radiance of Samples
1.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.0E-09
1.0E-08
1.0E-07
1.0E-06
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
Wavelength [nm]
Sp
ec
tra
l R
adia
nc
e [
W c
m-2
nm
-1]
NVIS Red
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
An Intercomparison StudyAn Intercomparison Study
cd/m2fL NRa NRb u' v' int. time
51.32 14.98 1.46E-06 1.11E-07 0.3999 0.5398 0.4551.31 14.98 1.46E-06 1.09E-07 0.3999 0.5399 0.4551.31 14.98 1.46E-06 1.10E-07 0.3999 0.5399 0.4551.35 14.99 1.46E-06 1.08E-07 0.3999 0.5398 0.4551.32 14.98 1.46E-06 1.07E-07 0.3999 0.5398 0.4517.00 4.96 1.44E-06 1.08E-07 0.3994 0.5399 1.3217.00 4.96 1.44E-06 1.10E-07 0.3993 0.5399 1.3217.01 4.96 1.44E-06 1.09E-07 0.3993 0.5399 1.3217.01 4.96 1.44E-06 1.05E-07 0.3994 0.5400 1.3217.01 4.96 1.44E-06 1.08E-07 0.3993 0.5399 1.320.33 0.10 1.44E-06 1.07E-07 0.3992 0.5399 68.90.33 0.10 1.44E-06 1.10E-07 0.3992 0.5399 68.90.33 0.10 1.44E-06 1.11E-07 0.3993 0.5399 68.90.33 0.10 1.44E-06 1.09E-07 0.3992 0.5399 68.90.33 0.10 1.44E-06 1.06E-07 0.3992 0.5399 68.9
NVIS Red Display
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
NVIS Radiance for Green B display (scaled to 0.1 fL)
0.0E+00
1.0E-11
2.0E-11
3.0E-11
4.0E-11
5.0E-11
6.0E-11
7.0E-11
8.0E-11
9.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.1E-10
1.2E-10
1.3E-10
1.4E-10
1.5E-10
1.6E-10
1.7E-10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Luminance of Display [fL]
NV
IS R
adia
nce
[W
/(cm
² sr
)]
System 1System 2System 3
= NRa = NRb
open = day 1 solid = day 2
Spec. Max.
NVIS Green B ResultsNVIS Green B Results
For <1 For <1 second second
scanscan
For <1 For <1 second second
scanscan
For 1-2 For 1-2 minute minute scanscan
For 1-2 For 1-2 minute minute scanscan
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
NVIS Radiance for Green B display (scaled to 0.1 fL)
0.0E+00
1.0E-11
2.0E-11
3.0E-11
4.0E-11
5.0E-11
6.0E-11
7.0E-11
8.0E-11
9.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.1E-10
1.2E-10
1.3E-10
1.4E-10
1.5E-10
1.6E-10
1.7E-10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Luminance of Display [fL]
NV
IS R
adia
nce
[W
/(cm
² sr
)]
System 1System 2System 3
= NRa = NRb
open = day 1 solid = day 2
Spec. Max.
Scanning monochromator performance - 0.007" spot size
NVIS Green B ResultsNVIS Green B Results
For 2 For 2 minute minute scanscan
For 2 For 2 minute minute scanscan
For 1-2 For 1-2 minute minute scanscan
For 1-2 For 1-2 minute minute scanscan
For <1 For <1 second second
scanscan
For <1 For <1 second second
scanscan
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
NVIS Green B ResultsNVIS Green B ResultsCIE 1976 u'v' Chromaticity Diagram
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
u'
v'
Monochromatic locusGreen BYellowRedSystem 1System 2System 3
0.5774
0.5775
0.5776
0.5777
0.5778
0.5779
0.1305 0.1306 0.1307 0.1308
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
NVIS Red ResultsNVIS Red ResultsNVIS Radiance for Red display (scaled to 15 fL)
0.0E+00
2.0E-08
4.0E-08
6.0E-08
8.0E-08
1.0E-07
1.2E-07
1.4E-07
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Luminance of Display [fL]
NR
b R
adia
nce
[W
/(c
m²
sr)]
System 1System 2System 3
Spec. Max.
Spec. Min.
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
NVIS Red ResultsNVIS Red ResultsCIE 1976 u'v' Chromaticity Diagram
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
u'
v'
Monochromatic locusGreen BYellowRedSystem 1System 2System 3
0.5397
0.5398
0.5399
0.5400
0.3985 0.3990 0.3995 0.4000
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
NVIS Yellow ResultsNVIS Yellow ResultsNVIS Radiance for Yellow display (scaled to 15 fL)
0.0E+00
2.0E-08
4.0E-08
6.0E-08
8.0E-08
1.0E-07
1.2E-07
1.4E-07
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Luminance of Display [fL]
NR
b R
adia
nce
[W
/(c
m²
sr)] System 1
System 2System 3
Spec. Max.
Spec. Min.
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
NVIS Yellow ResultsNVIS Yellow ResultsCIE 1976 u'v' Chromaticity Diagram
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
u'
v'
Monochromatic locusGreen BYellowRedSystem 1System 2System 3
0.5600
0.5601
0.5602
0.5603
0.2618 0.2620 0.2622 0.2624 0.2626
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
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Study ConclusionsStudy Conclusions• All systems gave extremely good repeatability in
NRa, NRb and chromaticity.• All systems gave the same results with very low
uncertainties.• All systems showed that NRa and NRb were
essentially constant across a wide luminance range for each display.
• All systems showed chromaticity was essentially constant with luminance for each display.
The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement The Future of NVIS Display Measurement
ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic LaboratoriesALI Advanced Seminar, 2006ALI Advanced Seminar, 2006 Optronic LaboratoriesOptronic Laboratories
General ConclusionsGeneral Conclusions• Developments over the past year have made
it possible to design a new type of system for NVIS display measurements.
• This new type of system represents a quantum leap in performance and value.
• All the wish-list items are fulfilled.