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The Gamification of Accessibility
Greg KrausUniversity IT Accessibility Coordinator
NC State University
http://go.ncsu.edu/csun2014
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Gamification
• Gamification [n]: the use of game design elements in non-game contexts
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Accessibility is Not a Game
• It’s a human right• It’s should just be part of their job• People might get addicted to the game
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
We’re Not Talking About Wheelchairs with Lasers
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
I Never Set Out To Make A Game
• Guiding Principles– It takes practice to become an accessible Web
developer– I am competing in a marketplace for people's
attention
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Aristotle
• “If you want to become a major league baseball player, you cannot simply wake up one day and declare your self a baseball player, capable of hitting a curve ball. You must become habituated in the ways of being a baseball player through a lifetime of practice.”
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
How to Learn To Be a Major League Baseball Player
1. Start easy2. Gradually build skill over time3. Learn to see patterns and know how to react4. Reactions become intuitive and natural5. Practice
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Competing in a Marketplace of Demands
• Prioritizations– “Keeping the lights on”• Production services to run and maintain
– Security and Compliance• This impacts everyone, not just a “small number of
users”
• As important as you think you are, you’re not seen that way by your campus/organization
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Gaming Principles
• A good game…– Lets everyone play, regardless of skill level– Lets you improve skills over time– Gives you instant feedback
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Make a Game Everyone Can Play
10
11
32
1
4
6
9
57
8
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Accessibility is Not Fun
• But…– Solving a problem is fun– Seeing how you have improved and grown is fun– Admit it … winning is fun
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
This is What WCAG 2 Looks Like
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
This is What They Want
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Make a Game Everyone Can Play
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Mario Didn’t Save the Princess in World 1-1
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Prioritization
• 4 = fatal error, user cannot interact at all with the element
• 3 = significant error, user can only partially recover or it causes a significant hardship
• 2 = significant error, but user can usually mostly, if not fully recover
• 1 = minor annoyance• 0 = usually can ignore
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Level 4
• Missing alternative text• Unlabeled form element• No keyboard event for an equivalent mouse
event
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Level 3
• A form control has more than one label• Page auto refreshes• No skip to main content link
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Level 2
• Spacer image does not have an alt attribute• Pages have unique titles and don’t say
“Untitled Document”
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Level 1
• Invalid code• Heading levels are skipped• No titles for frames
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Level 0
• No alternative content for iframes
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Demonstrate System
• http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan/
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
When Do People Use The System?
• Available 24/7 year round• Contests– NC State Global Accessibility Awareness Day
Website Challenge (April-May)– NC State World Usability Day Website Challenge
(October-November)
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
The Sales Pitch
“You have 28,000 accessibility errors across 8000 pages. Your site ranks 371 out of 385. You are in the bottom 10% of all categories. Can you fix these in the next 2 weeks? Oh, and you’ve had these problems for the past 2 years.”
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
The Results
• Corrected 27,500 errors• 40 out of 385• Top 5% in all categories
“I’m co-opting your employees for my own agenda”
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Weighted Errors Corrected
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
642
190,311
88,029
19,6413,111 0
431,227
138,294
318,742
3,361 805 402
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Weighted Errors Corrected With Contests
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
642
190,311
88,029
19,6413,111 0
431,227
138,294
318,742
3,361 805 40216,82950,488
98,537
317,659
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
What We’ve Done So Far
• 428 Sites• 115,771 Pages• 1,194,565 Weighted Accessibility Errors
Corrected
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Number of Sites
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
316
329
382394 398 400 401
408 412421 422 426 428
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Being a Good Gamemaster
• You can always make your game better– More frequent scanning– Historical rankings– Graphical and contextual view (WAVE)
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Tools and Resources Developed
• Web Accessibility Handbook– go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-handbook
• Readability Bookmarklet– go.ncsu.edu/readability
• Color Contrast Analyzer for Chrome– go.ncsu.edu/color-contrast-chrome
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Key Elements That Make This Work
• Anonymity, to a degree• Doing part of the work for them– Setting up the scanner?– Doing the scan for them?
• Giving guidance on what is important• Giving immediate feedback on how to fix it
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
The Limits of Gaming
• Automated scans only get you so far– Cannot test for everything
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Automated Tests are Only So Good
alt="N.C. Sen. Daniel Blue Jr. (left) and N.C. Speaker of the House Thom Tillis were among those paying tribute to former N.C. Speaker of the House Harold Brubaker (center)."
The ALT text of this image mentions a color, which isn't useful for blind users.
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Future Developments
• Receive bonus points for performing manual checks
• Get points for both– Testing if the onscreen focus is always visible– Fixing the onscreen focus problem if it exists
• Artificial intelligence techniques– Determine if you have an appropriate number of
headings
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/csun-2014
Questions?