THE GANGES RIVER NATIONAL RIVER IN INDIA PRESENTED BY Praveen
mishra
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The Ganges The Ganges or Ganga, is a trans-boundary river of
India and Bangladesh. The 2,525 km (1,569 mi) river rises in the
western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows
south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into
Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. By discharge
it ranks among the world's top 20 rivers. The Ganges basin is the
most heavily populated river basin in the world, with over 400
million people and a population density of about 1,000 inhabitants
per square mile. INTRODUCTION
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COURSE The Ganga originates in the Himalayas after the
confluence of six rivers. The streams are fed by the melting snow
and ice from the glaciers. It emerges from the Himalayas at the
pilgrimage town of Haridwar.
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THE GANGA WHICH TILL THIS POINT FLOWS IN A SOUTH WESTERN
DIRECTION NOW BEGINS TO FLOW IN A SOUTH EASTERN DIRECTION. IT IS
JOINED BY RIVER YAMUNA AT A POINT CALLED SANGAM A SCARED PLACE IN
HIDUSIM.
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It flows through the plains and enters Bangladesh. It fans out
into the 350km wide Ganges Delta. It empties into the Bay of
Bengal.
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HISTORY Megasthanese was the first Westerner to mention Ganges
in his work Indika. Jawarharlal Nehru in his book Discovery of
India says.. The story of the Ganges from her source to the sea is
the story of Indias civilization and culture, of the rise and fall
of empires,of great and proud cities, of adventures of man..
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The Ganga is mentioned in the Rig- Veda, the earliest Hindu
scriptures Ancient scriptures mention that The Ganges carries the
blessings of Lord Vishnus feet and hence the name Vishnupadi
meaning Emanating from the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord
Vishnu.
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The Ganga is worshipped by the Hindus and personified as a
Goddess.
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Hindu belief holds that bathing in the River causes forgiveness
of sins and helps attain salvation.
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Drinking the water of The Ganges is believed to purify the
soul.
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Scientists and religious leaders have speculated on the causes
of the river's apparent self-purification effect, in which
water-borne bacteria such as dysentery and cholera are killed off,
thus preventing large-scale epidemics. Some studies have reported
that the river retains more oxygen than is typical for comparable
rivers; this could be a factor leading to fewer disease agents
being present in the water.
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ECONOMY The Ganges basin with its fertile soil is instrumental
to the agricultural economy of India. The Ganges with its
tributaries provides a perennial source of irrigation for
crops.
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IRRIGATION FACILITIES HARIDWAR DAM-DIVERT MUCH HIMALAYA
SNOWMELT IN TO UPPER GANGA CANAL BUILT BY BRITISH IN 1854 TO
IRRIGATE THE SURROUNDING LAND.
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ELECTRICITY FACILITIES HYDROELECTRIC DAM
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TEHRI DAM THE MOST CONROVERSIAL TEHRI DAM OF TEHRI HYDROPROJECT
ON RIVER BHAGIRATHI.IT IS MULTI PURPOSE RIVER VALLY PROJECT. 8 TH
TALLEST DAM IN THE WORLD POWER GENRATION CAPCITY-2400 MW
IRRIGATION-6000 KM DRINKING WATER SPENT 8298 CR
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TOURISM The three towns holy to Hinduism Haridwar, Varanasi and
Allahabad attract thousands of pilgrims to its waters.
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MANY NATIONAL PARK IS SITUATED IN GANGA BASIN, LIVE IN
ANIMAL.
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SUNDERBANS DELTA SUNDERBAN WORLD LARGEST DELTA, FAST
DISAPPEARING IN TO SEA. 42000 SQ KM HOME ROYAL BENGAL TIGER
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The rapids of the Ganges are popular river rafting area,
attracting hundreds of adventure seekers in the summer months.
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ECOLOGY The Ganges collects large amounts of human pollutants
as it flows through highly populous areas, carrying high health
risk of infection. The Ganga Action Plan has been set up under the
Indian government and is attempting to build waste treatment
facilities.
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The Environmental Problems The Ganges was ranked among the top
five most polluted rivers of the world in 2007, with fecal coliform
levels in the river near Varanasi more than hundred times the
official Indian government limits. Pollution threatens not only
humans, but also more than 140 fish species, 90 amphibian species
and the endangered Ganges river dolphin.It is filled with chemical
wastes, sewage and even human and animal remains which carry major
health risks by either direct bathing in the dirty water, or by
drinking.
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The condition of the Ganges PAST PRESENT
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Ganga Action Plan (GAP) The Ganga Action Plan or GAP was a
program launched by Rajiv Gandhi in April 1985 in order to reduce
the pollution load on the river. The program was launched with much
fanfare, but it failed to decrease the pollution level in the
river, after spending 901.71 crore (approx.1010) rupees over a
period of 15 years. The activities of GAP phase I initiated in 1985
were declared closed on 31 March 2000. The steering Committee of
the national river conservation Authority reviewed the progress of
the GAP and necessary correction on the basis of lessons learned
and experiences gained from the GAP phase; 2.00 schemes have been
completed under this plan. A million liters of sewage is targeted
to be intercepted, diverted and treated. The Phase-II of the
program was approved in stages from 1993 onwards, and included the
following tributaries of Ganga: Yamuna, Gomti, Damodar and
Mahananda. As of 2011, it is currently under implementation.
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SWAMI NIGAMANAND SARIFICE TO SAVE THE GANGA. UMA BHARATI FORMER
C.M.(M.P)
