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The Geography of Greece
The Geography of Greece
Cycladic Civilization Minoan Civilization Mycenaean Civilization
Bronze Age Greece
1650 BCE- 700 BCE
Bronze Age Greece
1650 BCE- 700 BCE
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
•End of the 11th c. BCE
•Source of mythological heroes
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
Persian Wars:
499 BCE – 480 BCE
Persian Wars:
499 BCE – 480 BCE
Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything
only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness.
Plato
The Academy
The world of the FORMS
The Republic philosopher-king
Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers
Aristotle The Lyceum
“Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.
The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today
The ParthenonThe Parthenon
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
SPARTASPARTA
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great’s EmpireAlexander the Great’s Empire
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic
PhilosophersCynics Diogenes
ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
Epicurians Epicurus
avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.
Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic
PhilosophersStoics Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found ingreat achievements.
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians: Aristarchus heliocentric
theory.
Euclid geometry
Archimedes pulley
Hellenistic Art: More realistic; less ideal than
Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome
The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome
Italy in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCE
Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans
Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans WritingWriting
ReligionReligion
The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
Republican Republican GovernmentGovernmentRepublican Republican GovernmentGovernment
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE
The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE
Providing political and socialrights for the plebeians.
The Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman Forum
Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem
Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem
Roman Roads: Roman Roads: The The Appian WayAppian WayRoman Roads: Roman Roads:
The The Appian WayAppian Way
Roman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts
The Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumThe Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseum
The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior
The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior
Reform LeadersReform LeadersReform LeadersReform Leaders Tiberius and Gaius
Gracchus
• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.Military ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary Reformer
Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poorand homeless.
• professional standing army.
PompeyPompeyPompeyPompey
Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators
Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators
Julius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius Caesar
Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!
The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
Julius Caesar
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey
Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE
Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE
The Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirateThe Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirate
Octavian Augustus
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus
Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First
EmperorEmperor
Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First
EmperorEmperor
Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire
– 14 CE– 14 CE
The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire
– 14 CE– 14 CE
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c
The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c
Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294
CECE
Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294
CECE
Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337
Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337
Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)
Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c
Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c
Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of
God”God”
Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of
God”God”
Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman
EmpireEmpire
Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman
EmpireEmpire
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of
JustinianJustinian
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of
JustinianJustinian
The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian
The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian
The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome
The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome Republic GovernmentRepublic Government
Roman LawRoman Law Latin LanguageLatin Language Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church City PlanningCity Planning Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural
StyleStyle Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering
• AqueductsAqueducts• Sewage systemsSewage systems• DamsDams• CementCement• ArchArch