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The Geography of Poverty and Opportunity in
Contra Costa County
Elizabeth Kneebone March 26, 2018
Source: Decennial census and American Community Survey dataNOTE: The federal poverty threshold for a family of four was $24,563 in 2016
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2016
Thou
sand
s
Suburbs Cities
Today, more of the nation’s poor live in suburbs than in cities
Since 2000, most of the growth in the Bay Area poor population has been in suburbs
Number in poverty in the San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward metro area, central cities versus suburbs, 1970-2016. Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2016
Poor Individuals in Suburbs Poor Individuals in Cities
The Bay Area is beginning to see some progress against poverty in the post-recession era
Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
CITIES SUBURBS
Poor Individuals in the Bay Area2000 2007 2015 2016
Source: Brookings analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
A N T I O C H C O N C O R D P I T T S B U R G B R E N T W O O D O A K L E Y S A N R A M O N W A L N U T C R E E K
R I C H M O N D
Change in the Poor Population, 2000 to 2012-16
In 2016, Contra Costa County’s poor population was more than one-third larger compared to 2000
Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
Source: Brookings analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data
15%
9%
21%
17%15%
14%
12%
Cities Suburbs San Pablo Richmond Pittsburg Antioch Concord
Bay Area Poverty Rates in 2012-16
The primary city poverty rate is higher than the suburban rate, but individual jurisdictions exceed the average
Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
Pockets of poverty can be found throughout the region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
0.0 - 10.010.1 - 20.020.1 - 30.030.1 - 40.040.1 - 100.0
Poverty Rate 2011-2015
Pockets of poverty can be found throughout the region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
0.0 - 10.010.1 - 20.020.1 - 30.030.1 - 40.040.1 - 100.0
Poverty Rate
2000 2012-16
A number of factors have contributed to these trends
Population Change,Contra Costa County,
2000 to 2016Source: ACS and decennial Census data
A number of factors have contributed to these trends: POPULATION CHANGE
948,816
1,135,127
2000 2016
Source: HUD “Picture of Subsidized Housing” data
Number of Housing Choice Vouchers in
Contra Costa County
A number of factors have contributed to these trends: HOUSING MARKET DYNAMICS
7,046
8,972
2004 2017
Unemployment Rate in Contra Costa County
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
A number of factors have contributed to these trends: LABOR MARKET DYNAMICS
4.7%
11.0%
4.4%
2007 2010 2016
Addressing these shifting dynamics is complicated in the suburban landscape
Limited Transit Access
Strained Safety Net
Funding Constraints
Lack of Capacity
Fragmentation
And suburban jurisdictions often face additional challenges
Policymakers, funders, and practitioners are finding ways to…
Achieve Scale
Collaborate and
Integrate
Fund Strategically
Collaboration of 10 public housing authorities, the metropolitan planning organization, the Illinois Housing Development Authority, and others
Partner PHAs pool a portion of their rental assistance vouchers to support the construction or rehab of affordable housing units in opportunity and priority reinvestment areas
A shared waiting list increases options for residents across the region
Chicago Regional Housing Initiative
Housing Partnership Equity Trust
HPN created a REIT with an initial investment of $100 million from a range of private and philanthropic investors
Works with 12 high-performing nonprofits across the country that can also provide wraparound services to tenants
Acquires “naturally affordable” multifamily rental properties for low-income residents without subsidies
