The Glass Ceiling

Factors affecting: • Performance• Salaries and • Advancement of

Female Managers

L. Dubin, 2013

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Factors Affecting Women

Are women geneticallypredisposed to bethe weaker sex?

Have women evolved ornaturally selected to beless powerful inother ways?

1. Physical2. Social3. Emotional

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-562627/Are-women-really-weaker-sex-The-intriguing-medical-facts-settle-oldest-argument-all.html#axzz2KhND1odp

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1-Physical Traits

Height and beauty are

often tied to success

• Height has been shown as a factor linked to career success

• Beauty is rewarded in our culture

http://faculty.washington.edu/mdj3/MGMT580/Readings/Week%201/Judge.pdf

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1-Physical Traits (con’t)

• Too much beauty is threatening or distracting

• Poor appearance may impede a woman’s success

• Studies suggest that men do not have this issue

Appearance continues to be an issue restraining women

http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1477203-was-brent-musburger-really-creeping-on-aj-mccarrons-girlfriend

Katherine Webb

Danny Devito

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2-Social Issues

Women in Traditional Roles

Education roles• Traditional roles continue • Administrative positions largely filled by men

Political roles• Traditional roles continue behind the scenes• Women are still not adequately represented

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2-Social Issues (con’t)

• Women are often assigned routine tasks

• Female managers do not advance as quickly as their male counterparts

• Women perceived as too aggressive or threatening

• Women may have difficulty breaking into the “club”

Women in Business Roles

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danica_Patrick

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3-Emotional Issues

Working Traits/Group Dynamics• Men prefer to work solo• Women prefer cooperation and group

collaboration

Working Styles/Status Quo• Women are more unwilling to rock

the corporate boat• They are less likely than their male

counterparts to take chances

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherron_Watkins

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3-Emotional Issues (con’t)

Behavioral construct/theory

-Women may not be as confident as other males in their profession

-Women tend to be perceived as more emotional/moody whether true or not

Social paradigm/pattern

-Women are not as overtly aggressive or competitive in business situations

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Other Issues

Stereotypes• Double standard • Gender bias

Home vs. Professional Life• Women have a constant

work-family conflict• Success is a sacrifice in

one area or another

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How to Succeed (the 4 “E’s”)

1. Education- Lifelong learning and continuing education

2. Establishment- Learn to work within the “system”

3. Enterprise Mentality-Develop an entrepreneurial spirit

4. Ethics and Ethical Behavior- Lead by setting a positive example