The Globalization of Business Research

John Saunders (AUDENCIA Nantes) andVeronica Wong (Sussex)

EIASM 2010, Aston

Business and Management’s Improvement

1996 outcome

2001 outcome

1996 & 2001 scale

2008 scale 2008 outcome

5* 4* 173 3

7 13 5 3* 31

16 23 4 2* 32

16 23 3a1* 1815 17 3b

30 15 2 unclassified 2

13 3 1

Business and Management’s Improvement

1996 outcome 2001 outcome 1996 & 2001 scale 2008 scale 2008 outcome

5* 4* 173 3

7 13 5 3* 31

16 23 4 2* 32

16 23 3a1* 18

15 17 3b

30 15 2 unclassified 2

13 3 1

Roberts Report (2003)

“The RAE has been extremely successful in its intended function of distributing funds… and driving up standards”

Top marketing publications 1973 – 2007 by affiliation of authors (%)

Top marketing publications 1973 – 2007by affiliation of authors (%): log scale

“Out of the mouth of babes…” (Matthew 21:16, King James Bible)

Question from a Groningen research student:

“Why is no-one publishing in the UK anymore?”

Top marketing publications trends – by affiliation of authors (%):

extension of Stremersch, S., & Verhoef, P. C. (2005)

Top marketing publications trends – by origin of authors (%)

Research questions

• Is the pattern marketing’s alone?

•Is Europe in the ascendance (Mangematin & Baden-Fuller, 2008) or are the English speaking people in decline?

•Why are the changes occurring?

Business journals that are FT and UTD listed and highly cited

Accounting: Accounting Review (AR): 1926, Journal of Accounting and Economics (JAE): 1971, Journal of Accounting Research (JAR): 1963

General Management: Academy of Management Journal (AMJ): 1958, Academy of Management Review (AMR): 1976, Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS): 1970, Strategic Management Journal (SMJ): 1980

Marketing: Journal of Consumer Research (JCR): 1974, Journal of Marketing (JM): 1936, Journal of, Marketing Research (JMR): 1964, Marketing Science (MarSci): 1982

Finance: Journal of Finance (JF): 1946, Journal of Financial Economics (JFE): 1974, Review of Financial Studies (RFS): 1988

Organization Studies and Human Resource Management: Administrative Science Quarterly (ASQ): 1956, Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP): 1917, Organization Science (OS): 1990, Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes (OBHDS): 1966

Operations and IT: Information Systems Research (ISR): 1990,Management Science (ManSci): 1954, MIS Quarterly (MISQ): 1977, Journal of Operations Management: 1980, Operations Research: 1952

UTD vs. RAE 4* over the RAE period

UTD vs. RAE 4* over the RAE period

The global aspirers

UTD vs. RAE 4* over the RAE period

Mainstreamers

UTD vs. RAE 4* over the RAE period

Big RAE players

UTD vs. RAE 4* over the RAE period

Poor little suckers

Missing data on the authors

Percentage of B & M top journal output by national affiliation of institution

Percentage of B & M top journal output by nation of PhD

Percentage of B & M top journal output by national of origin

Top Business Journal Authors: 1964-2008

US affiliation

N=6644

US PhD O/S PhD

US origin 69% 4%

O/S origin 26% 1%

Euro affiliation

N=228

Euro PhD O/S PhD

Euro origin

50% 4%

O/S origin 23% 37%

UK

affiliation

N=234

UK PhD O/S PhD

UK origin 36% 15%

O/S origin 10% 38%

Log linear analysis of the cross-categorised frequency data indicates that the tables are significantly different from one another: US vs. Euro: G2=28.5 (<0.001)US vs. UK: G2=30.4 (<0.001)Euro vs. UK: G2=39.5 (<0.001)

Top Business Journal Authors: 1964-2008

US affiliation

N=6644

US PhD O/S PhD

US origin 69% 4%

O/S origin 26% 1%

Euro affiliation

N=228

Euro PhD O/S PhD

Euro origin

50% 4%

O/S origin 23% 37%

UK

affiliation

N=234

UK PhD O/S PhD

UK origin 36% 15%

O/S origin 10% 38%

Log linear analysis of the cross-categorised frequency data indicates that the tables are significantly different from one another: US vs. Euro: G2=28.5 (<0.001)US vs. UK: G2=30.4 (<0.001)Euro vs. UK: G2=39.5 (<0.001)

Top Business Journal Authors: 1964-2008

US affiliation

N=6644

US PhD O/S PhD

US origin 69% 4%

O/S origin 26% 1%

Euro affiliation

N=228

Euro PhD O/S PhD

Euro origin

50% 4%

O/S origin 23% 37%

UK

affiliation

N=234

UK PhD O/S PhD

UK origin 36% 15%

O/S origin 10% 38%

Log linear analysis of the cross-categorised frequency data indicates that the tables are significantly different from one another: US vs. Euro: G2=28.5 (<0.001)US vs. UK: G2=30.4 (<0.001)Euro vs. UK: G2=39.5 (<0.001)

Top Business Journal Authors: 1964-2008

US affiliation

N=6644

US PhD O/S PhD

US origin 69% 4%

O/S origin 26% 1%

Euro affiliation

N=228

Euro PhD O/S PhD

Euro origin

50% 4%

O/S origin 23% 37%

UK

affiliation

N=234

UK PhD O/S PhD

UK origin 36% 15%

O/S origin 10% 38%

Log linear analysis of the cross-categorised frequency data indicates that the tables are significantly different from one another: US vs. Euro: G2=28.5 (<0.001)US vs. UK: G2=30.4 (<0.001)Euro vs. UK: G2=39.5 (<0.001)

Index of diversity: journals/articles

Percentage of co-authored papers

Research questions

• Is the pattern marketing’s alone?No, but marketing is an extreme

case that reflects some national variation across disciplines (individuals, bodies, journals, degree training)

•Is Europe in the ascendance or are the English speaking people in decline?

•Why are the changes occurring?

Research questions

• Is the pattern marketing’s alone?

•Is Europe in the ascendance or are the English speaking people in decline?

Europe is not ascending uniformly and there are others in ascendance.National contributions are converging.

•Why are the changes occurring?

Research questions

• Is the pattern marketing’s alone?

•Is Europe in the ascendance or are the English speaking people in decline?

•Why are the changes occurring?Successive countries adopting a set of

uniform international metrics.National policy driven: research assessment and careers.Few leading PhD providers with a widening net for international talent.

Nevil Shute in Slide Rule (1954)

“A politician or a civil servant is still to me an arrogant fool till he has proved otherwise… I have yet to find any that proved otherwise”

Doctoral Probation TenureTemporary appointment

Permanentappointment

Candidate

Recruitment

Scholarship

Training

Supervision

Research support

Mentoring

Admin

Teaching

Publications

Salary

Leadership

Research questions

• Is the pattern marketing’s alone?

•Is Europe in the ascendance or are the English speaking people in decline?

•Why are the changes occurring?

•Collateral thoughtsAdjusting to the dominance of team researchResearch is globalizing but are the best research teams mono-cultural?Are Britain’s premier business schools becoming like the Premier League – does it matter if our national team is…?

“If you have a toss-up over a home grown player, we want the clubs to have the incentive to keep the home-grown player where at the moment you can have the argument that it’s cheaper to bring in players from outside…Philosophically, what we are doing is asking, ‘Is there more we could do to develop the English talent, which would negate the need to go abroad and look for talent? Can we do anything to make sure that the home talent is as good as it can be?’”

Richard Scudmore, the Premier League’s chief executive

“If you have a toss-up over a home grown player, we want the clubs to have the incentive to keep the home-grown player where at the moment you can have the argument that it’s cheaper to bring in players from outside…Philosophically, what we are doing is asking, ‘Is there more we could do to develop the English talent, which would negate the need to go abroad and look for talent? Can we do anything to make sure that the home talent is as good as it can be?’”