The

Gra

ded

App

roac

h an

d R

ESR

AD

-BIO

TA C

ode

A M

ulti-

Tier

ed F

ram

ewor

k fo

r Eva

luat

ing

Rad

iatio

n Im

pact

s to

Bio

taD

r. C

harle

y Y

uA

rgon

ne N

atio

nal L

abor

ator

y, U

SA

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f Ene

rgy

Bio

ta D

ose

Ass

essm

ent C

omm

ittee

IAEA

EM

RAS

Mee

ting

Nov

embe

r 8-1

1, 2

004

Gui

ding

Prin

cipl

es U

sed

in

Dev

elop

ing

the

Gra

ded

App

roac

h an

d R

ES

RA

D-B

IOTA

•P

rovi

de m

etho

ds fo

r add

ress

ing

DO

E re

quire

men

ts fo

r rad

iatio

n pr

otec

tion

of b

iota

; res

pons

ive

to u

sers

nat

iona

lly a

nd

inte

rnat

iona

lly.

•P

rovi

de a

gra

ded

appr

oach

to s

uppo

rt m

ultip

le n

eeds

and

use

rs

(com

plia

nce

-to

-det

aile

d ec

olog

ical

risk

ass

essm

ents

).•

Eas

y to

use

and

tech

nica

lly s

ound

.•

Util

ize

exis

ting

gene

ric a

nd s

ite-s

peci

fic d

ata.

•A

pplic

able

to m

ultip

le m

edia

and

bio

ta ty

pes.

•D

raw

upo

n ec

o-ris

k co

ncep

ts a

nd p

roto

cols

.•

Inte

rdis

cipl

inar

y te

am a

ppro

ach:

invo

lve

“use

rs” a

nd “d

evel

oper

s.”

•B

e Fo

rwar

d Th

inki

ng:

Bui

ld in

flex

ibili

ty; a

ntic

ipat

e re

gula

tory

or t

echn

ical

cha

nges

.

Ben

efits

of a

Scr

eeni

ng P

roce

ss P

rese

nted

in

IAE

A T

EC

DO

C-1

091

(199

9)“A

mul

ti-tie

red

scre

enin

g ap

proa

ch is

nor

mal

ly u

sed

in e

colo

gica

l ris

k as

sess

men

ts.

Scr

eeni

ng m

ay a

lso

be a

pot

entia

lly c

ost-

effe

ctiv

e an

d ea

sy w

ay o

f dem

onst

ratin

g co

mpl

ianc

e w

ith

radi

atio

n cr

iteria

or s

tand

ards

for p

rote

ctio

n of

the

envi

ronm

ent.

Scr

eeni

ng v

alue

s sh

ould

be

used

to id

entif

y ra

dion

uclid

es in

si

tuat

ions

of c

once

rn, a

nd to

det

erm

ine

whe

ther

thes

e ra

dion

uclid

es w

arra

nt fu

rther

ass

essm

ent,

or if

they

are

at l

evel

s th

at re

quire

no

furth

er a

ttent

ion.

In

prac

tice,

this

initi

al s

cree

ning

is

exp

ecte

d to

be

suffi

cien

t in

the

maj

ority

of c

ases

. W

hen

initi

al

scre

enin

g fa

ils, a

dditi

onal

ana

lysi

s or

ass

essm

ent m

ay b

e ne

eded

. A

two-

or th

ree-

tiere

d sc

hem

e w

ould

hel

p en

sure

that

th

e m

agni

tude

of t

he a

sses

smen

t effo

rt w

ould

be

scal

ed to

the

likel

ihoo

d an

d se

verit

y of

env

ironm

enta

l im

pact

s.”

From

: IA

EA

-TE

CD

OC

-109

1, P

rote

ctio

n of

the

Env

ironm

ent f

rom

the

Effe

cts

of Io

nizi

ng R

adia

tion:

A R

epor

t for

Dis

cuss

ion

(Jul

y 19

99)

DO

E’s

Gra

ded

App

roac

h:

A M

ulti-

Tier

ed E

valu

atio

n Fr

amew

ork

Com

pare

med

ia c

once

ntra

tions

with

B

iota

Con

cent

ratio

n G

uide

s(B

CG

s) (

RES

RAD

-BIO

TA L

evel

1)

Site

-rep

rese

ntat

ive

para

met

ers

(RES

RAD

-BIO

TA L

evel

2)

1D

ata

Ass

embl

y

2G

ener

alSc

reen

ing

3A

naly

sis

Site

Spe

cific

Scre

enin

g

Site

Spe

cific

Ana

lysi

s

Site

Spe

cific

Bio

ta D

ose

Ass

essm

ent

Kin

etic

/allo

met

ric m

odel

ing

tool

(RES

RAD

-BIO

TA L

evel

3)

Col

lect

ion

of b

iota

usi

ng

eco-

risk

prot

ocol

s

Wha

t is

RES

AD

-BIO

TA?

•R

ES

RA

D (R

ES

idua

l R

AD

ioac

tivity

) is

a su

ite o

f co

mpu

ter c

odes

dev

elop

ed a

t A

NL

for D

OE

•R

ES

RA

D w

as in

itial

ly

deve

lope

d to

der

ive

site

-sp

ecifi

c so

il cl

eanu

p cr

iteria

•It

was

exp

ande

d to

8 c

ompu

ter

code

s

•R

ES

RA

D-B

IOTA

is th

e ne

wes

t ad

ditio

n to

the

RE

SR

AD

Fam

ily

of C

odes

RES

RA

D F

amily

of C

odes

RES

RA

D-B

IOTA

: DO

E’s

“Nex

t G

ener

atio

n” E

valu

atio

n To

ol•

Prin

cipa

lly d

evel

oped

and

spo

nsor

ed b

y D

OE

sin

ce 2

000;

with

sup

port

from

th

e N

ucle

ar R

egul

ator

y C

omm

issi

on (N

RC

) and

Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

tect

ion

Age

ncy

(EP

A),

thro

ugh

the

DO

E-le

d E

CO

RA

D W

orkg

roup

•R

AD

-BC

G C

alcu

lato

r suc

cess

fully

con

verte

d in

to b

eta

vers

ion

of R

ES

RA

D-

BIO

TA in

200

1•

Add

ed s

ensi

tivity

ana

lysi

s ca

pabi

lity

in 2

002

•G

ener

ated

dos

e co

nver

sion

fact

ors

for 8

org

anis

ms

in 2

003

•D

esig

ned

a ne

w u

ser i

nter

face

with

Org

anis

m E

dito

r in

2003

•A

tota

l of 3

2 ra

dion

uclid

es in

the

curre

nt d

atab

ase

•S

erve

s as

the

com

pani

on to

ol to

DO

E-S

TD-1

153-

2002

, DO

E G

rade

d A

ppro

ach

Tech

nica

l Sta

ndar

d•

Avai

labl

e si

nce

Sep

tem

ber 3

0, 2

003.

Can

be

dow

nloa

ded

at n

o co

st th

roug

h D

OE

BD

AC

web

site

and

the

RE

SR

AD

web

site

•U

ser’s

Gui

de re

leas

ed a

s jo

int D

OE

/ISC

OR

S T

echn

ical

Rep

ort i

n Ja

nuar

y 20

04•

Nex

t cod

e ve

rsio

n w

ith a

dditi

onal

feat

ures

exp

ecte

d in

ear

ly 2

005

RES

RA

D-B

IOTA

: Key

Fea

ture

s•

Dup

licat

es D

OE

Gra

ded

App

roac

h pr

oces

s &

BC

Gs

•R

etai

ns fl

exib

ility

to m

odify

org

anis

m e

xpos

ure

prof

ile, p

aram

eter

s,

dose

lim

its, a

llom

etric

rela

tions

hips

•Li

ke th

e G

rade

d A

ppro

ach,

the

code

impl

emen

ts p

rimar

y an

d se

cond

ary

refe

renc

e or

gani

sm c

once

pts

•O

rgan

ism

Wiz

ard

allo

ws

user

s to

con

figur

e th

eir o

wn

“sec

onda

ry”

orga

nism

s

•In

clud

es D

CFs

for 8

spe

cific

geo

met

ries

cove

ring

a w

ide

rang

e of

orga

nism

s

•S

ensi

tivity

ana

lysi

s

•Im

port

and

expo

rt da

ta

•Fo

od c

hain

tran

spor

t (in

new

ver

sion

)

RES

RA

D-B

IOTA

Mai

n W

indo

w

Leve

l 2 W

indo

w

Leve

l 3 W

indo

w

Dos

e C

onve

rsio

n Fa

ctor

Win

dow

Para

met

er A

cces

s vs

Lev

el xx

Vie

w d

ose

resu

lts

xx

xU

nits

xx

xV

iew

BC

G re

sults

xx

Sen

sitiv

ity

xx

Kd M

odifi

catio

n, M

ean

Con

c. s

ettin

g

xO

rgan

ism

sel

ectio

n

xD

CF

optio

ns (R

BE

, Tcu

t)

Leve

lP

aram

eter

xA

llom

etric

opt

ion

(org

,nuc

)

xO

rgan

ism

allo

met

ric p

aram

eter

s

xO

rgan

ism

add

ition

(W, s

hape

,Bas

e)

xC

F,T,

f

xx

BIV

xx

xC

once

ntra

tion,

Kd O

ptio

n, D

L

32

1

Res

ults

: BC

G In

tera

ctiv

e R

epor

t

Res

ults

: Dos

e In

tera

ctiv

e R

epor

t

Res

ults

: Var

iety

of G

raph

ing

Opt

ions

Res

ults

: HTM

L R

epor

ts

Org

anis

m O

ptio

ns

Org

anis

m E

dito

r

Org

anis

m –

DC

F &

Exp

osur

e

Org

anis

m –

Allo

met

ric C

apab

ilitie

s

Org

anis

m G

eom

etrie

s in

RES

RA

D-B

IOTA

1150

220

x 10

0 x

100

Griz

zly

bear

*1E

38

447.

927

0 x

66 x

48

Elk

*5E

27

72.6

100

x 42

x 3

3M

ule

deer

, Whi

te-ta

iled

deer

*1E

26

8.8

50 x

26

x 13

Beav

er, C

arp,

Cat

fish

(Cha

nnel

and

Blu

e), C

oyot

e,

Fox

(red

or g

rey)

, Rac

coon

*, S

tripe

d ba

ss

1E1

5

145

x 8

.7 x

4.9

Bla

ck b

ass,

Lar

ge fi

sh*

Suc

kers

14

2.1E

-210

x 2

x 2

Fath

ead

min

now

, Fro

gs,

His

pid

cotto

n ra

t, Sc

ulpi

ns,

Shr

ews,

Vol

es, W

hite

-foot

ed M

ouse

*

1E-2

3

1E-3

2.5

x 1.

2 x

0.62

Fish

(you

ng-o

f-yea

r)M

ollu

scs*

, Pla

nt s

eedl

ing,

Ta

dpol

es

1E-3

2

4.2E

-60.

2 x

0.2

x 0.

2Fi

sh e

gg*,

Fish

(lar

vae)

,P

lant

root

(mer

iste

m),

Pla

nt s

eed,

Pla

nt s

hoot

(m

eris

tem

)

1E-5

1

Spe

cific

Mas

s (K

g)S

peci

fic G

eom

etry

D

imen

sion

s (c

m)

Exa

mpl

e R

ecep

tors

Mas

s C

ateg

ory

(Kg)

Mod

el

Geo

met

ry

No.

Org

anis

m W

izar

d

Org

anis

m W

izar

d

Org

anis

m W

izar

d

Org

anis

m W

izar

d

Sens

itivi

ty U

ser I

nter

face

Impo

rt &

Exp

ort

•O

rgan

ism

can

be

save

d (e

xpor

ted)

and

retri

eved

(im

porte

d) in

depe

nden

tly o

f cas

e fil

e.

•Fi

les

can

be e

mai

led

or la

ter p

oste

d on

the

BD

AC

web

si

te (O

rgan

ism

Lib

rary

).

•R

emem

ber t

o do

cum

ent a

ssum

ptio

ns a

nd d

ata

refe

renc

es

Con

tribu

ting

to a

n In

tern

atio

nal F

ram

ewor

k

•“A

var

iety

of m

odel

s co

ntin

ue to

be

deve

lope

d al

ong

thes

e lin

es.

The

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f Ene

rgy

has

deve

lope

d a

gene

ric re

fere

nce

orga

nism

sc

reen

ing

mod

el (c

onta

ined

in th

eir g

rade

d ap

proa

ch m

etho

dolo

gy)a

nd

gene

ric/re

fere

nce

orga

nism

mod

els

are

bein

g de

velo

ped

as p

art o

fthe

FA

SSET

pro

gram

me.

It w

as a

gree

d th

at th

ese

appr

oach

es a

re, m

ore

or

less

, com

plem

enta

ry a

nd th

at th

ey c

ould

pro

vide

a b

asis

for a

n ag

reed

m

etho

dolo

gy w

ithin

an

inte

rnat

iona

l fra

mew

ork,

”Fr

om:

IAE

A R

epor

t of

the

Spe

cial

ists

’ Mee

ting

(Ref

eren

ce 7

23-J

9-S

P-1

114.

2; J

anua

ry 2

001)

.

•Pa

th F

orw

ard:

Con

tinue

to w

ork

clos

ely

with

inte

rnat

iona

l or

gani

zatio

ns a

nd m

embe

r cou

ntrie

s to

lear

n fro

m o

ne a

noth

er,

harm

oniz

e D

OE

and

othe

r app

roac

hes,

and

fost

er p

ract

ical

and

ac

cept

able

met

hods

for i

nter

natio

nal a

pplic

atio

n.

Thou

ghts

on

the

Rol

e of

the

IAE

A B

iota

D

osim

etry

Wor

king

Gro

up•

A n

eede

d fo

rum

for u

nifo

rm c

ompa

rison

s of

diff

eren

t met

hods

an

d co

des.

•Id

entif

y si

mila

ritie

s an

d di

ffere

nces

in a

ppro

ache

s, re

fere

nce

orga

nism

s, a

nd c

ode

capa

bilit

ies

(e.g

., fro

m F

AS

SE

T; E

RIC

A;

ICR

P; C

anad

a; U

.S. D

OE

; oth

er m

embe

r sta

tes)

.

•Id

entif

y th

e be

st o

r mos

t req

uest

ed fe

atur

es a

nd c

apab

ilitie

s of

each

. P

rovi

de re

com

men

datio

ns o

n th

eir i

nclu

sion

with

in a

un

ified

inte

rnat

iona

l app

roac

h.

•R

athe

r tha

n on

e si

ngle

inte

rnat

iona

l app

roac

h, d

evel

op a

n IA

EA

ha

ndbo

ok o

r “to

olbo

x” o

f cur

rent

ly a

vaila

ble

met

hods

and

cod

es,

as a

refe

renc

e to

ol fo

r use

rs in

sel

ectin

g a

met

hod

appr

opria

te fo

r th

eir a

sses

smen

t nee

ds.

•E

xcha

nge

less

ons

lear

ned

on th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of d

iffer

ent

met

hods

and

mod

els.

Con

tact

s fo

r Add

ition

al In

form

atio

n

For a

dditi

onal

info

rmat

ion

on D

OE

’s e

valu

atio

n fra

mew

ork

for

dem

onst

ratin

g pr

otec

tion

of b

iota

, the

RE

SR

AD

-BIO

TA c

ode,

and

th

e B

iota

Dos

e A

sses

smen

t Com

mitt

ee, p

leas

e co

ntac

t:S

teph

en D

omot

orU

.S. D

epar

tmen

t of E

nerg

yO

ffice

of A

ir, W

ater

and

Rad

iatio

n P

rote

ctio

n P

olic

y an

d G

uida

nce

Act

ing

Uni

t Lea

der,

Env

ironm

enta

l and

Rad

iolo

gica

l Eva

luat

ion

Uni

t(2

02) 5

86-0

871

Ste

phen

.Dom

otor

@eh

.doe

.gov

Dr.

Cha

rley

Yu

RE

SR

AD

Pro

gram

Man

ager

Env

ironm

enta

l Ass

essm

ent D

ivis

ion

Arg

onne

Nat

iona

l Lab

orat

ory

(630

) 252

-558

9cy

u@an

l.gov