The Great Depression and the Authoritarian Response

Chapter 30

Agenda 3/5/2014 Review Chp 29 Quiz and Collect Chp 30 Chp 30 Notes and Quiz Source work Homework- RSG- p. 52-117(3/7) Chp 31- 3/11

Human and Environment Interactions

Patterns of Settlement

Soviets provide mass housing Party makes up for

poor living standards with recreational programs and facilities

Excess farm labor sent to cities where industry is growing

Communist era mass housing

Cultural Development and Interactions

Beliefs/philosophiesideologies

In Latin America Growing criticism and

liberal movements in Latin America

Liberal movements are less organized,and less educated than those in Europe

Corporatism – emphasis on the changing nature of society in which the state must act as a mediator to consider the interests of various groups

Beliefs/philosophiesideologies

In Europe Fascism represents

the belief that the parliamentary system has failed, only a strong state ruled by an individual leader will fix the crisis

Cultural Development and Interactions

Arts and Architecture Artists and intellectuals

claim the Latin America is on a “race to nowhere”

Soviet Union: Art and science come under the control of the state – no free-thinking here! As a result Socialist

Realism becomes popular Increased govt police

State-building, expansion, and conflict

Political structures/govts

Political changes worldwide Suspicion of the West (Japan) Govt welfare programs on the

rise in the west Growth of radicalism and

socialism Most successful –

Scandinavia Increased govt spending

foreshadows the growth of the welfare state

Political structures/govts

The New Deal Franklin Delano

Roosevelt (FDR) Overall, the influx of

govt spending will not fix the economy, but it will give it a boost until WWII brings an end to the Depression

State-building, expansion, and conflict

Political structures/govts

In Brazil: Getulio Vargas becomes

president, promises reform: Massive govt

centralization Prevents coups from

communists and fascists Constitution establishes

the Estado Novo (New State)

Prevents opposition Corporatist style govt

Political structures/govts

In Argentina Juan D. Peron takes control

and promises working class reforms

Eventually, worsening economy combined with growing radicalism among Peronists will cause their exile

Urban workers continue to push for reforms without Peron

Juan and Eva Peron

State-building, expansion, and conflict

Revolts/revolutions

Radicalism grows due to discontent with govt response Ex: The Popular Front

Spanish Civil War Tensions between the

Republican party and the Falange (Fascist party) lead to 3 year Civil War

Revolts/revolutions Colonialism

denounced – Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon gain independence from Europe

State-building, expansion, and conflict

Global/tran-sregional/regional structures

Soviets focus on internal issues until the rise of Hitler makes it necessary to protect themselves Regained acceptance in

League of Nations after stable communist govt was established

Stalin signs a pact with Hitler to divide Poland

Depression is truly an international crisis Western nations lower

production and cannot import raw materials

Latin American and Asian nations suffer from a lack of demand for their exports and inability to afford necessary imports

The Exception: The Soviet Union Hitler joins forces with

Mussolini League of Nations condemns

Italy, but does nothing more

State-building, expansion, and conflict

Empires

Hitler Comes to Power makes arrangements

which gradually put him in power of a totalitarian state

Hitler’s Foreign Policy Angers European nations

by suspending reparation payments and building military forces

America remains isolationist, France and Britain do nothing

Declares Anschluss, or union, with Austria

Invades the Sudetenland (German populated portion of Czechoslovakia)

Sign a pact with the Soviets promises not to invade Poland

State-building, expansion, and conflict

Empires Japan

During the Depression political division grow between traditionalists and militarists advocating an authoritarian govt

The military gradually wins control in Japan

War breaks with China Desire to expand in the

Pacific in order to maintain supplies of raw materials

Economic creation, expansion, and interactions

Recession and Inflation

Overproduction

Supply outpaces demand

Prices fall

Debts increase

Inability to afford

industrial exports

Economic creation, expansion, and interactions

Agricultural and Pastoral Production

Stalin’s Economic Policies Collectivization of

land Factory-style farms

with little incentive

Trade and Commerce Tariffs cut off worldwide

trade Latin American countries

suffer due to a lack of demand for their exports

Growing economic rivalry with Japan promotes a Western outcry against buying Japanese goods

Economic creation, expansion, and interactions

Labor Systems FDR creates public works

projects to provide jobs Growing population brings

labor issues to the forefront in Latin America Govt make some attempts

to cater to workers Syndicalism grows – aims to

use organization of labor to bring down the state Tragic Week (1919)

Economic creation, expansion, and interactions

Industrialization In Russia

Five Year Plans – Stalin’s state planning commission which sets clear goals for industrial development

While the rest of the world is in Depression, the Soviet Union will become the world’s 3rd largest industrial producer

Industrialization Depression leads to import

substitution industrialization – growth spurt of industry as countries begin producing what they previously imported

Japan hard-hit by depression, but successful govt response will rebuild economy more quickly than the west

Industrialization and oil exporting in Iran (formerly Persia)

Social Development and Transformations

Gender Roles and Relations

Westernizing reforms in Turkey under Kemal Ataturk

Family and Kinship

Soviet govt’s welfare system provides for illness and old age

U.S. Social Security – provides protections against unemployment and old age

Social Development and Transformations

Social and Ethnic Constructions

Opposition of Kulaks gets them sent to Siberia

Social and Economic Class Stalin maintains

worker support by consulting workers in decision-making – although unions and strikes are outlawed

A Siberian labor camp