Year(s)________________________________________

Cause(s)________________________________________

Effect(s)________________________________________

Solution(s)________________________________________

Vocabulary________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Great DepressionThe Great Depression!

Causes of the Great Depression

Problems in Business

Problems in Farming

Consumer Spending

Distribution of Wealth

The Stock Market

The Great Depression:

A time when business was poor and many people did not have a job.

The Depression began in 1929, when the stock market dropped quickly.

Many investors lost money. The 'crash' led into the Great Depression.

This time period was the longest and worst period of unemployment and low business activity. Banks, stores, and factories closed and left Americans jobless, homeless, and without money.

Many people came to depend on the government to provide them with food.

The Depression became a worldwide problem that affected almost all countries. It led to a big decrease in world trade as each country tried to protect their own industries and products by raising taxes on imported goods.

President Herbert Hoover held office when the Great Depression began. The economy got worse every month.

Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President in 1932. Roosevelt's 'new deal' reforms gave the government more power and helped ease the depression.

The Great Depression ended as countries increased their production of war materials at the start of World War II. This increased production provided jobs and put large amounts of money back into circulation.

OBJECTIVES

•Students will be able to state the definition of the Great Depression.

•Students will be able to identify changes in America during the 1930's resulting from severe economic hardship and widespread poverty.

Homework

1. Vocabulary flashcards due Wednesday.

2. Vocabulary quiz on Wednesday.

Video

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=949C5A56-3995-4DB3-8B23-EC593971C327&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Estelle-34447-6th-US-History-SOL-Review-Understanding-Maps-Examples-Manufacturing-areas-Reason-increased-immigration-Reaso-as-Entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/

In his inauguration speech, Roosevelt stated that, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

Inauguration of FDR, March 4, 1933

“The country needs…bold, persistent experimentation. It

is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails,

admit it frankly and try another. But above all try

something.” ~Franklin Roosevelt, 1932

 

 

What Did Roosevelt Do?

1. Fireside Chats

2. The New Deal

To restore public confidence in the government FDR introduced his “fireside chats.” These were radio talks where the President spoke directly to the public.

• In his first Fireside Chat FDR explained the new banking relief Act

• These Fireside Chats were aimed at allowing the President to speak directly to the people

• They were designed so that Americans were aware of what the President was doing and why

• With radios as the primary means of communications people would sit around the radios and listen to what the President had to say

New Deal

What? •Programs meant to help the country by getting the government involved in the economy

1. Relief - help people out in the short term

2. Recovery - get the economy back on its feet

3. Reform - keep this from every happening again

Meant to do 3 things

By using implied power to expand the powers of the executive branch, FDR created a number of agencies to aid agriculture, business, and the unemployed.

Art. I Section 8 Clause 18The “necessary and proper clause”

“Alphabet Soup”

In the first 100 days of his administration Roosevelt passes a lot of legislation (laws).

Hundred Days

The following made up the "Alphabet Soup": Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA), Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Farm Credit Administration (FCA), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), National Recovery Administration (NRA), Public Works Administration (PWA), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA

Alphabet Soup

FDR’s Decision Making Process & Philosophy

• The New Deal’s goals:– Relief - to the unemployed, – Reform of business and financial practices– Recovery of the economy

Policy Achievements: FDIC, SEC, Wagner Act, Social Security, minimum wages, maximum working hours, mortgage protections

FDR inspects some Civilian Conservation Corps camps in the

Shenandoah Valley.

Roosevelt Takes Charge!

Social Effects

• Workers• Farmers• Women• Native Americans• African Americans

The New Deal Record on Help to Minorities

• Crop reduction program allowed whites to fire or evict blacks and Hispanics

• Public works programs helped by providing employment

• New Deal figures convinced minorities that the government was on their side

• 1934: Indian Reorganization Act gave American Indians greater control

New Roles for Women• Roosevelt promoted and recognized women.

• Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor – was the first woman to head an executive office.

• Ruth Owen served as minister to Denmark.

• Roosevelt appointed women to such posts as director of the U.S. Mint and assistant secretary of the Treasury.

• Women served as leaders in several New Deal agencies.

African Americans

Roosevelt appointed over 100 African Americans to positions within the government

– William Hastie became the first black federal judge.

– A group of African Americans hired to fill government posts were known as the Black Cabinet, and they served as unofficial advisors to the president.

– The Black Cabinet met under the leadership of Mary McLeod Bethune, director of Negro Affairs.

Many African American switch from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party during the 1930s.

• First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt helped women gain higher political positions during the New Deal

• Eleanor was influential in her role as advisor to the president

• Frances Perkins became America’s first female cabinet member (Labor)

Eleanor & Franklin

NATIVE AMERICANS

• Native Americans made advances during the 1920s & 1930s

• Full citizenship granted in 1924• The Reorganization Act of 1934

gave Natives more ownership of reservations

• Policy was moving away from assimilation towards autonomy

• Works Progress Administration (WPA) – largest peacetime jobs program in U.S. history

Second Hundred

Days

• Roosevelt launched the Second New Deal in 1935.

• Congress passed laws extending government oversight of the banking industry and raised taxes on the wealthy.

• Congress funded new relief programs.

EmergencyRelief

• Provided regular payments for many people 65 and older

• Included a system of unemployment insurance

Social Security

The New Deal Revives Organized Labor

1. Roosevelt backed the Wagner Act, or the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).

– Outlawed a number of anti-labor practices, established the National Labor Relations Board and gave it authority to conduct voting in workplaces to determine whether employees wanted union representation

2. The Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) was born in 1935.

– John L. Lewis led this group to break away from the American Federation of Labor (AFL).

– The United Auto Workers (a division of the CIO) launched a successful sit-down strike in 1936.

Critics of the New Deal

• Huey P. Long (senator from Louisiana)- Believed Roosevelt’s policies were too friendly to banks and businessmen (started the Share Our Wealth Society)

• Father Charles Coughlin (the “radio priest”)- Believed Roosevelt was not doing enough to curb the power of bankers and financial leaders

• Dr. Francis Townsend- Criticized the New Deal for not doing enough for older Americans (wanted pensions for people over 60)

• The American Liberty League- Believed that the New Deal went too far and was anti-business

• Opposition from the courts- Critics of the New Deal feared that it gave the president too much power over other branches of government.

– Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States

– United States v. Butler

The New Deal - Pros and ConsPros

•Restored optimism and hope to Americans

Cons•Did not really fix the depression

•Left the nation with much debt

•Provided necessary relief to many

•Left people too dependent on government (?)

Practice Quiz

Closing

What was Roosevelt’s New Deal?

Why was it called Alphabet Soup?

Resources Needed 1. 5 colourful pieces of card containing a problem faced by Roosevelt on one side and the solution in the form of an Alphabet Agency on the other, relating to

The AAA, CCC, Dustbowl, TVA, WPA

2. A McDonald’s Happy Meal box re-labelled with a ‘New Deal’ sticker (to show how we can ‘re-package’ ideas)

3. Plastic animals and trees, Lego, buckets and spades, flags (McDonald’s again!), balloons, tissues, and any other ‘prop’ the students might improvise with.

4. Felt pens and paper

Agency Problem Solution How I remembered it

AAA

CCC

DUSTBOWL

TVA

WPA