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SECTION 5 The Harlem Renaissance
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The Great Migration The Great Migration Between 1910 and 1920, the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities By 1920 over 5 million of the nation’s 12 million blacks (over 40%) lived in cities
Migration of the Negro by Jacob Lawrence
Harlem, in New York City, was the cultural focal point of the northern migration.
In Harlem, 200,000 African Americans mixed with immigrants from Caribbean islands, such as Jamaica.
SECTION 5The
Harlem Renaissan
ce
Harlem, NY became the largest black urban community Harlem suffered from overcrowding, unemployment and poverty However, African Americans expressed a growing pride in their heritage through literature, theater and music
MUSIC The Emergence of JazzOriginated among African Americans in the south (New Orleans)
Great Migration helps spread jazz Composer Ferdinand “Jelly Roll” Morton helped spread Jazz when he moved from New Orleans to Chicago
Jazz becomes a hit, played in clubs like the Cotton Club in Harlem
Many clubs don’t allow blacks
AFRICAN AMERICAN WRITERSAFRICAN AMERICAN WRITERS
The Harlem Renaissance was primarily a literary movement Led by well-educated blacks with a new sense of pride in the African-American experience Claude McKay’s poems expressed the pain of life in the ghetto
Mckay
LANGSTON HUGHESLANGSTON HUGHES Missouri-born Langston Hughes was the movement’s best known poet Many of his poems described the difficult lives of working-class blacks Some of his poems were put to music, especially jazz and blues
ZORA NEALE HURSTONZORA NEALE HURSTON
Zora Neale Hurston wrote novels, short stories and poems She often wrote about the lives of poor, unschooled Southern blacks She focused on the culture of the people– their folkways and values
"Sometimes I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry. It merely astonishes me. How can anyone deny themselves the pleasure of my company? It's beyond me."
AFRICAN-AMERICAN PERFORMERSAFRICAN-AMERICAN PERFORMERS
Paul Robeson, son of a slave, became a major dramatic actor His performance in Othello was widely praised
LOUIS ARMSTRONGLOUIS ARMSTRONG
Jazz was born in the early 20th century In 1922, a young trumpet player named Louis Armstrong joined the Creole Jazz Band Later he joined Fletcher Henderson’s band in NYC Armstrong is considered the most important and influential musician in the history of jazz
EDWARD KENNEDY “DUKE” ELLINGTONEDWARD KENNEDY “DUKE” ELLINGTON
In the late 1920s, Duke Ellington, a jazz pianist and composer, led his ten-piece orchestra at the famous Cotton Club Ellington won renown as one of America’s greatest composers
BESSIE SMITHBESSIE SMITH Bessie Smith, blues singer, was perhaps the most outstanding vocalist of the decade She achieved enormous popularity and by 1927 she became the highest- paid black artist in the world
Theater-Paul Robeson first African American to star in play
Music- Louis Armstrong renowned jazz musician played songs such as “When the Saints Go Marching In”
Literature- Langston Hughes poet who focused on everyday life of African Americans