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The Great MigrationThe Great Migration is a term used to
describe the mass migration of
African Americans from the
southern United States to the
industrial centers of the Northeast
and Midwest between the 1910s
and 1960s.
This event is shown by one of the most
famous African American painters
of the 20th century, Jacob Lawrence.
Lawrence’s Migration Series tells
the story of the Great Migration.
Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"Around the time of WWI, many African-Americans from the South left home and traveled to cities in the North in search of a better life."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"There was a shortage of workers in Northern factories because many had left their jobs to fight in the First World War."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"The factory owners had to find new workers to replace those who were marching off to war."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"Northern industries offered Southern blacks jobs as workers and lent them money, to be repaid later, for their railroad tickets. The Northbound trains were packed with recruits."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"Nature had ravaged the South. Floods ruined farms. The boll weevil destroyed cotton crops."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"The war had doubled the cost of food, making life even harder for the poor."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"Railroad stations were so crowed with migrants that guards were called in to keep order."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"The flood of migrants Northward left crops back home dry and spoil."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) – part I
"For African-Americans the South was barren in many ways. There was no justice for them in courts, and their lives were often in danger.Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"For African-Americans the South was barren in many ways. There was no justice for them in courts, and their lives were often in danger.Jacob Lawrence
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“Although slavery had long been abolished, white landowners treated the black tenant farmers harshly and unfairly."
Jacob Lawrence
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"Although slavery had long been abolished, white landowners treated the black tenant farmers harshly and unfairly."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part I
"And so the migration grew."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part II
"Segregation divided the South."Jacob Lawrence
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"The black newspapers told of better housing and jobs in the North."Jacob Lawrence
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"Families would arrive very early at railroad stations to make sure they could get on the Northbound trains."Jacob Lawrence
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"Early arrival was not easy, because African-Americans found on the streets could be arrested for no reason."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part II
"And the migrants kept coming."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part II
"In the South there was little opportunity for education, and children labored in the fields."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part II
"These were more reasons for people to move North, leaving some communities deserted.“
Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part II
"There was much excitement and discussion about the great migration."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part II
"Agents from Northern factories flocked into Southern counties and towns, looking for laborers."Jacob Lawrence
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"Agents from Northern factories flocked into Southern counties and towns, looking for laborers."Jacob Lawrence
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"Families often gathered to discuss whether to go North or to stay South."Jacob Lawrence
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"The promise of better housing in the North could not be ignored."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part III
"The railroad stations were crowded with migrants."Jacob Lawrence
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The First Wave of the Great Migration (1916-1919) - part III
"Letters from relatives in the North and articles in the black press protrayed a better life outside the South."Jacob Lawrence
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"Many migrants arrived in Chicago."Jacob Lawrence
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"In Chicago and other cities they labored in the steel mills..."Jacob Lawrence
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"and on the railroads."Jacob Lawrence
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"And the migrants kept coming."Jacob Lawrence
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"And the migrants kept coming."Jacob Lawrence
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"Southern landowners, stripped of cheap labor, tried to stop the migration by jailing the labor agents and the migrants."Jacob Lawrence
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"Sometimes the agents disguised themselves to avoid arrest, but the migrants were often taken from railroad stations and jailed until the trains departed.“
Jacob Lawrence
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"Black and white Southern leaders met to discuss ways to improve conditions to stop the flow of workers North."Jacob Lawrence
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"Although life in the North was better, it was not ideal."Jacob Lawrence
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"Many migrants moved to Pittsburgh, which was a great industrial center at the time.“
Jacob Lawrence
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"Although they were promised better housing in the North, some families were forced to live in overcrowded and unhealthy quarters.“
Jacob Lawrence
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"Although they were promised better housing in the North, some families were forced to live in overcrowded and unhealthy quarters."Jacob Lawrence
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"The migrants soon learned that segregation was not confined to the South."Jacob Lawrence
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"Many Northern workers were angry because they had to compete with the migrants for housing and jobs. There were riots."Jacob Lawrence
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"Many Northern workers were angry because they had to compete with the migrants for housing and jobs. There were riots."Jacob Lawrence
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"Many Northern workers were angry because they had to compete with the migrants for housing and jobs. There were riots."Jacob Lawrence
"Longtime African-American residents living in the North did not welcome the newcomers from the South and often treated them with disdain.“
Jacob Lawrence
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"The migrants had to rely on each other. The storefront church was a welcoming place and the center of their lives, in joy and in sorrow.“
Jacob Lawrence
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"Black professionals, such as doctors and lawyers, soon followed their patients and clients North."Jacob Lawrence
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"Female workers were among the last to leave.“
Jacob Lawrence
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"Life in the North brought many challenges, but the migrants' lives had changed for the better. The children were able to go to school, and their parents gained the freedom to vote.“
Jacob Lawrence
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"Life in the North brought many challenges, but the migrants' lives had changed for the better. The children were able to go to school, and their parents gained the freedom to vote.“
Jacob Lawrence
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"And the migrants kept coming.“
Jacob Lawrence
