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The Greek polis was a City-State• Modern words police and politics come from
polis
City-States were usually easy to control,
but had many rivals to contend with
Agora- central meeting place for Greek
City States
City-States varied in form of government
Monarchy• State ruled by a king
• Rule is hereditary
• Some rulers claim divine right
• Form practiced in Mycenae (2000 BCE)
Aristocracy• State ruled by nobility
• Rule is hereditary and based on family wealth
• Social status and wealth support rulers’ authority
• Form practiced in Athens (Prior to 594 BCE)
Oligarchy• State ruled by a small group of citizens
• Rule is based on wealth or ability
• Ruling group controls the military
• Form practiced in Sparta (by 500 BCE)
Tyranny• Rule by a Tyrant
• Has all of the power
• Rules for the people
Direct Democracy • State ruled by citizens
• Rule is based on citizenship
• Majority rule decides vote
• Form practiced in Athens (by 500 BCE)
No one gives a hoot!
Unless, of course,
you’re a
congressman and
that is your job!
Sparta- Oligarchy• Emphasis on military and athletics
• Boys left the home at 7 to train for the military
• Men retired at 60
Athens- Democracy• The Parthenon was built during Pericles reign
• Athena was thought of as the goddess protector
Series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and Greek City States
Led to unity and prosperity among Greek City-States
Greek “Victory”
Athenian Empire vs.
Peloponnesian League
(led by Sparta)
The Plague of Athens
Athens was eventually
defeated by Sparta
Sparta becomes the
dominant Greek City
State
Widely referred to as the “father of modern history”
First historian to gather sources and date and arrange work into a historical narrative
Attempted to find “fact from fiction”
The first great Greek philosopher
Wanted people to think about their values and actions
WHY? WHY? WHY? Plato was one of his
students Was sentenced to
death for corrupting his students with his ideas
A Greek student of Socrates
Wrote of a perfectly governed society: Only the elite would vote for what was best for all of the people
Started The Academy• philosophy school in
Athens WHO WANTS A
SOCIETY GOVERNED IN THAT FASHION?
I do!!
Me
too!
Me
too!Me
too!
Me
too!
Me
too!
Me
too!
This
chair is
nice!
Me
too!
Me
too!
A student of Plato at the Academy
Developed “rules” of logic (scientific method)
Classified governments: monarchies, democracies, republics
Taught Alexander
Student of Aristotle: Prince of Macedon(upper Greece)
Conquered Egypt and Persia
Promoted religious and cultural freedom in the lands he conquered
Hellensitic Culture –Blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures
Died at the age of 33
From Alexandria,
Egypt
Founder of modern
Geometry
Lived under
Alexandrian rule
Example of
Hellenistic cultural
diffusion
Are Euclid-ing
me??
Which of the following would be the most
difficult for you to answer after today’s lesson?
• A. Describe the society in city-states of
Sparta & Athens.
• B. What happened as a result of the Persian
War?
• C. What happened as a result of the
Peloponnesian War?
