Hosta Species Update●The Hosta Library●ORG20061102●©W. George Schmid 2010 Original Edition Pt 2 2006.11.02 Revised Issue Pt 2 2010.11.08 R2

The H. rectfolia Complex = タチギボウシ Part 2 Part 2 deals with H. rectifolia in Cultivation H. rectifolia var. rectifolia Nakai 1930

H. rectifolia var. sachalinensis (Maekawa 1940) H. atropurpurea Nakai 1930

Botanical Magazine, Tokyo, 44:26 and 58, Pl. 21 1930 J. of the Faculty of Science, Sect. 3 Botany, Vol. 5:410, 411, ic. 90–93 1940

タチギボウシ = 立擬宝珠 = Tachi Gibōshi (1930) ウクr キナ = Ukurkina = Tachi Gibōshi (transliterated Ainu language = アイヌ語)

エゾギボウシ = 蝦夷擬宝珠 = Ezo [also Yezo, Yeso] Gibōshi (G. Koidzumi) クロバナギボウシ = 黒花擬宝珠 = Kurobana Gibōshi (1930)

Flowering H. rectifolia in Cultivation (Cultivated voucher from Uryu Swamp (雨竜沼湿原) HH No.10068504 Ezo

Hosta Hill R.G. ▪ © W.G. Schmid ▪ 2006.09.06

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◄ H. rectifolia

(Cultivated voucher) Uryu Swamp (雨竜沼湿原)

As Ezo Gibōshi (H.H. No.10068504)

Hosta Hill R.G. W.G. Schmid

1989.03.28

H. rectifolia in Cultivation: H. rectifolia is an ex-tremely useful landscape hosta for mass plantings, large edgings and as spec-imen clumps. The leaves are larger and more erect than H. ‘Lancifolia’ and the very straight, tall scapes with many dark purple flowers present an imposing picture. It is no surprise that this species became a garden subject early on. Summers (1972) lists his No. 52 as having come from G. Krossa in 1966. It first bloomed for Krossa on 22 Aug. 1967. This was not a direct Krossa import but was

obtained from E.G. Corbett, J.L. Creech and R.W. Lighty at the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Station. Krossa’s record (Krossa card index) shows this plant as being NA 21871/PI 275074. This collection came from Ibaraki Prefecture (Ibaraki-ken; 茨城県 ). Summers No. 203 is the same plant acquired in 1967. Summers No. 429 came from collector Craig in 1970 carrying the incorrect name H. recta and originated in Nikko Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Numbers 477-479 originated in Hokkaido with no exact source of documentation given. Most specimens in gardens today are derived

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H. ‘Tsugaru Nishiki’ 津軽錦 タチギボウシ

Court.: Ken-ichi Gonokami aka Rojiura-no-Giboshi © 路地裏のギボウシこと 後ノ上 憲一

from these imports and I have examined them and judged them to the correct type. In Japan, a number of variegated sports have been isolated and are cul-tivated. K. Watanabe, 1985 (辺健二著「ギボウシの

観察と栽 ) listed several sports: H. ‘Tsugaru Nishi-ki’ (津軽錦タチギボウシ), named after the city of Tsugaru-shi (つがる市), a streaked form; the Jap-anese name means “Tsu-garu Brocade.” A large number of variegated forms have been found in northern Aomori Prefec-ture ( 青森県 ) near the town of Hirosaki-shi (弘前

市 ). Many of these are named for the place of discovery, as, for example H. ‘Shigemori Nishiki’ (茂森錦タチギボウシ) named after the old village of Shigemori-machi ( 茂 森 町 ). The cultivar from Tsugaru-shi, it is a streaked form; the Japanese name means “Shigemori Bro-cade.” Many sports are named for Shi-mokita Province (Shimokita-gun;下北郡) and other localities: ‘Shimokita Bijin’, ‘Shimokita Ji’, ‘Shimokita Mangetsu’, ‘Shimokita-no-akari’, ‘Shimokita-no-hi-kari’, ‘Shimokita-no-kagayaki’, ‘Shi-mokita-no-megumi’, ‘Yamakan Nishiki’, ‘Shoukou Nishiki’, ‘Oshimako Kanmuri’, and ‘Oshimako-no-suzu’. H.‘Ogon Tachi’ (left) ►►► H. rectifolia (right) Hosta Hill R.G. © W.G. Schmid 1988.08.15

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H.‘Ogon Tachi’ The Yellow Form of H. rectifolia in early spring

© K. Sisson Photo / Hosta Library

Many of tstreaked vaa given plthese cultavailable infor the recwhich areBrocade’, names tharectifolia ‘N(= H.‘KifuTachi’) arein parenththe same vrepresent apopulationyellow, othAlthough tgreenish yGinbuchi margined])chionea byform discoexcept the (= 黄覆輪margined])

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H ▲▲▲L

®

.‘Ogon Tachi’ (cultivated) ►►►eaves Expanding Bud Initial

H. Philips 2003 ■ MyHostas.net

hese Japanese cultivars have unstable, riegation and to affix a certain name to

ant is almost impossible. Since most of ivars are collectors hostas and not the trade, I have mentioned the names

ord but no illustrations are provided. There are also names in circulation, a mixture of transliterated Kana and English, as in H. ‘Kawamura which correctly is H. ‘Kawamura Nishiki’. Also incorrect are all cultivar t solely consist of a descriptive word (in any language). For example H.

ishiki’, H. rectifolia ‘Aurea’ (= H.‘Ogon Tachi’), H. rectifolia ‘Kifukurin’ kurin Tachi’), and H. rectifolia ‘Shirofukurin’ (= H. ‘Shirofukurin replaced by their equivalent Japanese transliterated names as indicated esis. It should be pointed out that the yellow forms of H. rectifolia show ariability as the species so the name H. ‘Ogon Tachi’ (黄金タチギボウシ) group of yellow sports occasionally found among the wild and cultivated

s. Several types are known, some smaller than the species, some remaining ers are viridescent and turn greenish yellow or light green by anthesis. he Japanese “Ogon” (= 黄金) means “golden,” the true color is yellow or ellow. A white-margined form is cultivated in Japan under the name Tachi Gibōshi (= 銀縁タチギボウシ = H. ‘Ginbuchi Tachi’ [silver-. This white-margined form was described as the taxon H. rectifolia var. Maekawa (1938/1940). K. Watanabe (1985) also lists a yellow-margined vered by Hachiro Negishi. This mutation is like the white-margined form margins are yellow and in Japan is known as Kifukurin Tachi Gibōshi タチギボウシ = H. ‘Kifukurin Tachi’ Gibōshi (= 銀縁タチ [gold-. The margin of yellow-margined forms turns white by anthesis so the two

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variants have been seen with either of the above names. Other hostas have been mixed

hdeifolia). Also associated ith white-margined forms is Shirofukurin

up in this, as for example H. ‘Kifukurin Omoto’ (see H. row Tachi Gibōshi (= 白覆輪タチギボウシ =

H. ‘Shirofukurin Tachi’ [= white-margined]) and it is possible that this is none other than H. ‘Ginbuchi Tachi’ listed earlier. An-other variegated form list-ed is a center-variegated sport Nakafu Tachi Gi-bōshi (Nakafu = 中斑 = center-variegated; often as Kinakafu or Shironakafu = yellow- or white-center-ed, respectively). Many of the sports that contain the word “Nishiki” (as listed above) frequently stabilize to a Nakafu form. The photograph featured on page 5 by Bob Axmear

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H. ‘Ginbuchi Tachi’ Hosta Hill R.G. ● W.G. Schmid

2007.05.05

H. ‘Aomori Sunrise’A center-variegated cultiva

Court.: © B

H. ‘Kifukurin Tachi’ H. ‘Kinbuchi Tachi’

Court.: © R. Wiegand Hosta Library

(= 青森日出ギボウシ) r from Aomori Prefectureob Axmear

shows another of the

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Japanese cultivars having the streaky, yellow variegated center with green margins named after Aomori Prefecture, where it was found. As mentioned earlier, Maekawa (1938, 1940) and later taxonomists treated some variegated sports as taxa, including H. rectifolia var. chionea and H. rectifolia var. chionea f. albiflora. Until 1991, these received various taxonomic treatments but were reduced to cultivar rank by Schmid (1991; on pages 89 and 329 for further details) as H. ‘Shirofukurin Tachi’ and H. ‘Shirobana Tachi’. One of the most unusual and desired hostas sports of H. rectifolia is Amime Tachi Gibōshi (アミメタチギボウシ). This sport has its principle veins outlined in white, later turning yellow. Some reports indicate that the leaves turn all green late in the season. Nevertheless, this cultivar is unusual and highly sought after. The original plant was found by Kuroishi Wildflower Farm, Ltd. (黒石

植物園 株式会社) in Aomori prefecture (青森県) near Mount Iwaki (Iwakiyama; 岩木山). This “striped” variegation pattern is not unique and has been discovered by several other hosta enthusiasts. A sport that has “stripes” together with marginal variegation was discovered in a sporting plant of H. ‘Emily Dickinson’. Lack-ing a name at the time of writing, I have refer to this sport as “Dickinson Sport with marginal variega-tion.” H. “Dickinson Sport” (with margin) ▼▼▼Court.: © D. Van Eechaute Hosta Valley Forum

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A striped sport has also appeared at Hos-ta Hill R.G. This ap-pears to be a striped sport of H. rectifolia var. australis (Schmid 1991). It first showed on a selfed seedling of the species in 1996 and showed its final pattern on the same plant in 1997 (See photo No. 1). The plant stabilized and photo No. 2 shows its

H. ‘Amime Tachi’ i Gibōshi (アミメタチAmime Tach ギボウシ)

Court.: © J. Linneman ● Hostavalley.com

eventual habit in April 2002. The

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plant was given the name H. ‘Gosan Line Up’. In 2002, an all-green shoot was noticed (see arrow below in Photo No. 2). The reverting shoot was removed. The leaves have 6-9 pairs of principal veins and flowers to match H. rectifolia var. australis (Formerly, it was thought to be a sport of H. ventricosa nearby). These unusual sports are highly desired, but they are to varying degrees unstable. Some are reported to turn all-green late in the season, while others retain the striping all season. Recently, one of these sports was discovered by

►►►►►

Photo No 2 H. ‘Gosan LinA “striped” sport of a seedling

Photo No. 2: Mature plant w© W.G. Schmid Hosta ▪

P

hoto No. 1: Striped Pattern Seedling© W.G. Schmid H. H. R.G. 1997.07.20 Eventually Called H. ‘Gosan Line Up’

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e Up’ (W.G. Schmid NR) of H. rectifolia var. australis ith reversion (see arrow)

Hill R.G. 2002.04.16

Debra Abrams. This sport has the stripinalso colored in visible yellow. However, itsthe plants are then all-green. Next sprinspring leaves, only to turn green by s

in short order. Also noted is tumm

disappear

the stripphologica

sports pudistinct v

followingmother ption withcaused bymented bH. ‘Mito-n96) and ch

Unnamed Hosta sport (not n© Debra Ab

[▼▼▼See detail below for colora

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amed - by Debra Abrams) N.R. rams 2010 tion of the connecting cross-veins]

g as others, but shows the cross veining colored veins disappear by summer and g the colored veins appear again in the

he differentiation seen in the inthers have the distinct markings

dividual seen thus far. There is a

f size, e pattern itself, and other macromor-l indicators. As expected, the sports are

er. Still o

blished andariation in principal vein count, lea

the phenotypical variability of thelants. Some have connected this variega- a virus This type of variegation is not a virus, but this is not the case as docu-

y E. Elslager (Mystique of the white-veined o-hana’; Hosta Science, Vol. 2, No. 1: 94-ecked by Dr. B. Lockhardt, U. of MIN.

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There are other striped ciped culti-s

ito-no-hana’ = ‘水戸華 ’). This striped sport was found din

県) and ity Mito-

( 水 戸 市 ). The Japanese name 水 戸 華 translates to

ulti-s

ito-no-hana’ = ‘水戸華 ’). This striped sport was found din

県) and ity Mito-

( 水 戸 市 ). The Japanese name 水 戸 華 translates to

vars, including one that habeen popular in Japan: Mito-no-hana Gibōshi (H. ‘M

vars, including one that habeen popular in Japan: Mito-no-hana Gibōshi (H. ‘M

ギボウシギボウシ

Ibaraki Prefecture (茨城named for its capital cIbaraki Prefecture (茨城named for its capital cshishi

“Flower of Mito.” Introduced by a Mito City plant nursery, it was introduced to the West by T. Nakayama. A striped sport of H. sieboldii, it looks very similar

“Flower of Mito.” Introduced by a Mito City plant nursery, it was introduced to the West by T. Nakayama. A striped sport of H. sieboldii, it looks very similar

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H. ‘Gosan Line Up’ Leaf Detail Showing Striping Pattern

© W.G. Schmid, H.H. 2000.10.01

H. ‘Amime Tachi’ Leaf Detail Showing Striping Pattern

© H. Philips 2003 MyHostas.net Note: The “stripes” are wider and the

cross veins not as expressed as in detail, page 8 and Gosan Line Up.

H. ‘AmimCourt.: © T. N

e Tachi’ akayama/HL

to H. ‘Amime Tachi’ but can be to H. ‘Amime Tachi’ but can be

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differentiated by fewer principal veins (maxi-mum of 4 vs. 7) and having yellow anthers (before dehiscence) in-syead of the white pos-terior/purple sides and anterior anthers of the ones seen for H. ‘Amime Tachi’. H. ‘Mito-no-hana’ is men-tioned and illustrated here because it is often mistaken for H. ‘Ami-me Tachi’. A number of reports have stated that all of these var-iegated hostas are un-stable and will even-tually turn green. This has led to disappoint-ment among gardeners

and horticulturists. At this point, I would like to repeat my own findings based on cultivating variegated hostas for over half a century: All variegated hostas will eventually turn green. Gardeners often cut out revering all-green shoots and thus maintain variegation “artificially” for gardening purposes. If left alone, cultivated plants will revert back to their all-green, natural color. This may take a long time, but revert they will. While yellow leaf tissue is productive for the plants, yellow variegation is usually longer lasting, but white variegation is non-productive for the plant as it does not contribute to photosynthesis and so is eliminated in time.

The Japanese “Buchi”: Following is clarification of the use of the Japanese transliterated word “buchi” used in H. ‘Ginbuchi Tachi’ (銀縁タチギボウシ): The noun “buchi” is expressed in Kanji as 斑 (in hiragana as ぶち), pronounced “buchi.” It means speckled, spotted or mottled. Used in protracted sense as 斑入り, it means

spotted or mottled variegation. Clearly, neither H. ‘Ginbuchi Tachi’ nor H. ‘Kinbuchi Tachi’ are speckled so the Kanji used in these names is 縁 (in Hiragana ふち), pronounced “fuchi.” It means edge, margin, surrounding edge, which fits perfectly. Since there are many different ways to write and transliterate Japanese, Maekawa’s “buti” became “buchi” and really means “fuchi,” i.e., “margin.” Thus, in these cases “Ginbuchi” stands for silver-margined and “Kinbuchi” stands for gold-margined. Later, Japanese cultivar equivalent names with equivalent meanings were used, for example H. rectifolia ‘Kifukurin’ (now) H.‘Kifukurin Tachi’), and H. rectifolia ‘Shirofukurin’ (now) H.‘Shirofukurin Tachi’. These equivalent newer names are not established, since the older names used as early as 1938 (Maekawa 1938; 1940) have priority.

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H. ‘Amime Tachi’ Leaf Detail Showing Striping Pattern

© H. Philips 2003 ■ MyHostas.net

Horticultural Progeny:

Note that only di-rect species progeny is shown. If a H.

is rt

is part of the sport indi-

ifolia association. Search HostaLibrary.org site for additional abbreviati

d parent directly =

H. ‘Dartmoor Forest’ = ♀ H. rectifolia × ♂ (?) by P. & J. Ruh 2005 2002

n parent: ‘Gosan Gold Mist’ = ♀ ((H. ‘August Moon’) streaky sport [from H. ‘Gosan

by W.G. Schmid

H. ‘Gr

H. ‘Kinbuchi Tachi’ (Japanese Origin and Name) registered by P. Ruh 2002 = Sport

rectifolia hybrid involved in a spo(H. rectifolia

rectly), or the culti-var is a sport of a H. rectifolia hybrid or sport, or for any other cultivars in which H. rectifolia is involved in a sec-ondary role, consult the web site of the International Regis-trar for the genus Hosta, Kevin P. Walek, at HostaRegistcultivars with H. rectpictures. The following

♀ = the species as a po♂ = the species as a pollen parent directly = List 2 Other cultivars associated with H. rectifolia = List 3

List 1: Cultivars with H. rectifolia ♀ as a pod parent:

rar.org. A parent search on this website will list all registered

ons are used:

List 1

H. ‘Memories’ = ♀ H. rectifolia × ♂ (?) by P. Ruh

List 2: Cultivars with H. rectifolia ♂ as a polleH.

August Clouds’]) × H. rectifolia ♂ by W.G. Schmid NR H. ‘Gosan Gold Sword’ = ♀ H. alismifolia × ♂ H. ‘Ogon Tachi’

1989 H. ‘Kiwi Leap Frog’ = ♀ H. yingeri × ♂ H. rectifolia by B. Sligh NR

List 3: Other cultivars with H. rectifolia involved: üne Dame’ by M. Ahlburg NR = H. rectifolia hybrid

H. ‘Hirao Grande’ by P. Ruh 1997 = Sport of H. rectifolia hybrid

of H. rectifolia.

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H. ‘Grüne Dame’ Ahlburg NR ©H. Philips ▪ MyHostas.net

H. ‘Shigemori Nishiki’ (Japanese Origin and Name) = streaky sport of H. ‘Snowstorm’ by L. Simpers 1980 = Sport of H. r

H. rectifolia. ectifolia (this may be a

olia hybrid

H. ‘White Triumphator’ by Piet Oudolf (P.P. 12662, assigned 28 May 2002 to

tivar

hybridized form of H. Shirobana Tachi’). H. ‘Tall Boy’ by Le Jardin Botanique de Montreal 1982 = H. rectifH. ‘Violetta’ by H. Klose 1993 NR = H. rectifolia hybrid.

Gerardus Heemskerk) NR = H. rectifolia hybrid.

NOTE: The above lists do not include the many Japanese culnames associated with H. rectifolia. Many of these are covered earlier under the section H. rectifolia in Cultivation.

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H. ‘White TriumP. Oudolf/ H

© H. Philips M

phator’ PP12662

eemskerkyHostas.net

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H. ‘Gosan Gold MistMisty leaf coloration this is a true sport (

© S. Chamberlai

’ (W. G. Schmid 2009) the variegation is not caused by a virus) n/Hosta Library

◄◄◄ H. ‘Gosan Gold Mist’ (W.G. Schmid 2009)

Photo © W.G. Schmid Hosta Hill R.G.

◄◄◄ Photo on this Page Shows

the typical H. rectifolia flower morphology

-

References: Chung, M.G. and S.B. Jones. 1989. Pollen morphology of Hosta Tratt. (Funkiaceae)

and related genera. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 116, 1:31–44. 8. Biosystematics of the Eastern Asian species of Hosta). University of

t

.

Interna

Maeka

Schmi ta

story Society

Currie, H.E., 198Georgia, Athens. (Personal communications).

Elslager, E. The white-veined H. ‘Ito-no-hana’. Hosta Science, Vol. 2, No. 1: 94-96. Franchet, A. and P.A.L. Savatier, 1876. Enumeratio Plantarum in Japonia Sponte

Crescentium Hucusque Rite Cognitarum, Paris, pp. 82, 529. Fujita, N., 1976. The genus Hosta (Liliaceae) in Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica e

Geobotanica, Vol. 27, 3/4:77-78 1976. Hara, H., 1938. Hosta rectifolia. Botanical Magazine, Tokyo, 52:510. Hara, H., 1984. Hosta sieboldii. (including syn. H. sieboldii var. rectifolia f.

atropurpurea (Nakai) H. Hara and H. sieboldii var. rectifolia f. leucantha; H. rectifolia f. albiflora Hara): J. Japanese Botany, 59, 6:181 1984

Inagaki and Toyokuni. 1963. Hosta lancifolia var. thunbergiana f. albiflora. J. Japanese Botany, Vol. 32:128. tional Code for Botanical Nomenclature = ICBN, adopted by the International Botanical Congress, Nomenclature Section, Vienna Code 2005.

International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants = ICNCP, adopted by International Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants of IUBS Division of Botany, 2004.

Ito, K. 1969. H. rectifolia var. atropurpurea f. leucantha. J. Geobot. Hokuriku, 17:91. Koidzumi, G., 1936. Hosta lancifolia var. angustifolia (Sazi Gibōshi), H. rectifolia var.

sachalinensis (Ezo Gibōshi), H. viridis. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, Vol. 5:38–40.

Maekawa, F., 1940. J. of the Faculty of Science, Sect. 3 Botany, Vol. 5:355–356, ic. 17, 18, 19, 20 wa, F., 1950. Giboshi in Ishii, Engei-daijiten (Big Dictionary of Garden Craft), Tokyo, 2:633–638.

Maekawa, F., 1969. Hosta Trattinnick. In New Encyclopedia of Horticulture, Seibundoshinkosha, Tokyo, Vol. 3:1105–1109.

Miyabe, K. and Y. Kudo, Y., 1930–1934. Flora of Hokkaido and Saghalien in J. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, 3:315

Nakai, T., 1930. Notulae ad plantas Japoniae et Koreae (38/39) (H. rectifolia; H. rupifraga). Botanical Magazine, Tokyo, 44:7–40, 507–537 (26, 58, 513).

Ohwi, J., 1965. The Flora of Japan, Edited by F. G. Meyer and E. H. Walker, Smithsonian Institution, Fam. 52, 11:287–291.

Satake, Y., J. Ohwi, S. Kitamura, S. Kakinori and T. Tominari, 1985. Wild flowers of Japan. Tokyo.

Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis in the genus Hosta. HortScience 40(4).

Schmid, W.G. 1991. The genus Hosta: Gibōshi Zoku (ギボウシ属). London and Portland: Timber Press.

d, W.G. 2004. Hosta species and DNA fingerprinting. Bull. Brit. Hos

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Hemerocallis Soc. 2004: 50, 59-66. Tatewaki, M., 1934. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural Hi . 13:111.

Tatewaki, M., and Samejima, 1956. H. atropurpurea. Alp. Pl. Ct., Hokkaido; 21. ki and S. Kawano. 1969. IncludingTatewa H. rectifolia var. atropurpurea f. albiflora

6] ex

Yu, Y. d cultivars based on RAPD analysis.

Zilis, M

, 3, pp. 176-

yrighted and are

W. George Schmi rary.org/species

Ito [in Tatewaki and Samejima: Alp. Pl. Cent. Mt. Dist. Hokkaido, 21 195K. Ito: J. Geobot. Hokuriko, 17:92 1969.

Watanabe, K., 1985. The Observation and Cultivation of Hosta. New Science Company, Gotemba, Tokyo [渡辺健二著「ギボウシの観察と栽培」] 2002. Classification of hosta species anTSU Graduate School (with W.G. Schmid); see Sauve, R.J., 2005. .R. 2009. The Hostapedia. Rochelle: Q & Z Nursery, Inc.

Zonneveld, B.J.M. and F.Van Iren. 2001. Genome size and pollen viability as taxonomic criteria: Application to the genus Hosta. Plant Biology185. G. Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart.

07/2010: The text and illustrations are cop©W.G. Schmid 20

available for personal reference only. Other contributors retain their copyright of featured photographs as noted in captions. The content may not be

published in printed form without the author’s written permission. Web quote reference:

d, HostaLib

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H. rectifolia (in situ) 850 m (2,789 ft) ASML on mountain belt moor (溶岩台地) Sorachi-chiho, Hokkaidō

(雨竜沼湿原) Court. © host.me-h.ne.jp/tombo/