The Hierarchy Of Objectives.pptx

7/30/2019 The Hierarchy Of Objectives.pptx

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The Hierarchy OfObjectives

PUSHP TOSHNIWAL (11546)

SAMBHAV KUMAR (11631)


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CONTENTS

Introduction

Role And Importance

Criteria To An Objective

Leading Characteristics

Deriving Objectives

Practical Uses

Conclusion


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INTRODCTION

In a broad, unspecific sense objective is an aim or end of action

Objectives in the top levels of the hierarchy reflect broad values. Progress towards these objectives is indicated by progress towards

narrower, more specific objectives arrayed under the upper level.

Thus, any alternative can be viewed in context of a broader objective which it contributes, and also to more specific objectives that contribuit.


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Example :

An individual might array a series of objectives under the general orfundamental objective to maintain physical fitness:

maintain physical fitness

exercise regularly

jog 3 times a week

do strength training twice weekly

control diet

limit calories

eat balanced meals


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IMPORTANCE OF OBJECTIVES

Having lost sight of our objective, we redoubled our effort

Direction

Legitimacy

Coordination

They form Standards

They are Motivators


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CRITERIA TO AN OBJECTIVE

A guide to action.

Suggestive of tools to measure and control effectiveness.

Ambitious enough to be challenging.

Suggest cognizance of external and internal constraints.

Relate to both the broader and more specific objectives.


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LEADING CHARACTERISTICS Full range of objectives and guiding consideration is distressingly broa

Rate of change decreases as we go up the scale.

Broad objectives are subject to change in long term.

Debates on how specific an objective should be, is not helpful.

Debates on merit of one type of objective as opposed to another aremeaningful in light of particular circumstances.

Obviousness of the need for stated objectives appears to decrease asapproach the upper end of hierarchy.

Not only guide action but also stimulate it.


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DERIVING OBJECTIVES

ROLE OF CREATIVITY

Individual who is creative and has had appropriate exposure to the compasituation, can be very helpful in creating objectives.

Beware of situations where objectives are set without adequate exposure tboth internal and environmental conditions.

Thus, creation of a workable grand design type of objective emerges as an

especially creative act.


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MOTIVES AND APPEALS

Higher order personal drives of creative people should be coupled with thobjectives of the undertaking for the most effective accomplishment of thmission.

Eric Hoffer suggests that the goals for a large undertaking should be imposof achievement (e.g. achieving gods kingdom on earth)Does this apply to companies in the business world?

F.R. Kappel points out 3 conditions which favor setting the right goal at the

time

An instinctive feeling for quality throughout the organization.

Freedom to make some mistakes.

A recognition of the pressure of external factors.


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NEED FOR RENEWAL

Same old objectives repeated over and over again.

Theory Y approach

LOCATING RESPONSIBILITY


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WORKING UPWARDS APPOACH

In both business and nonbusiness enterprises, as a practical measure the toscale is not the only best place to start.

Profit objectives in terms of growth of earnings per common share are typic

the most readily graspable starting point in business.

To work up and down the hierarchy to fill it out one need to understand the

value of analysing profit goals.


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PRACTICAL USES

Better Planning

Choice Of Alternatives

criteria for choosing from alternate sub-programs :

1. Importance of proposed program

2. Feasibility

3. Cost


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Management Development

Identifying specific objectives of the individual with objectives ofenterprise and measuring their exact success in meeting them.

Working out framework of objectives for whole organization.

Organizational Efficiency

Rearranging organization structure to conform closely with objectivvarious parts of company.

Rearrangement may/may not be appropriate.

Producing desired result at lowest cost.


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CONCLUSION

Need not begin with the broad design of the enterprise, but all objectivin the hierarchy should be consistent with it;

Should make the people in the enterprise reach a bit;

Should be realistic in terms of internal resources of the enterprise, and texternal opportunities, threats, and constraints;

Should take into account the creative conception of a range ofalternatives and the relative effectiveness and cost of each;

Should be known to each person so that he understands the goals of h

own work and how they relate to the broader objectives of enterprise;

Should be periodically reconsidered and redefined, not only to takeaccount of changing conditions, but for salutary effect of rethinking thaims of organizational activities.

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The Hierarchy Of Objectives.pptx