The Historical Background Of The 60s In Bulgaria

The Historical Background Of The 60s In Bulgaria



Government


Government

During the 60s Bulgaria was under the rule

of the Soviet Union.

The communist era in Bulgaria began in

1944 when Fatherland Front Coalition,

dominated by the Communist party led a

coup against Bulgaria's tsarist government

and took power.

This period of the Bulgarian history lasted

for 45 years

Communism


Government

•1945 - Parliamentary elections were organized

•Georgy Dimitrov headed the government

•1946 - Referendum on the state system

•Elections for Grand National assembly

•Georgy Dimitrov - prime minister

•“Nationalization” started

Turning Bulgaria into a communist state and the following years

Coat of arms of People`s Republic ofBulgaria

•Successful Bulgarian economy

•Todor Zhivkov offered Bulgaria to join the SU

•1968 - Bulgaria took part in the liquidation

of the Prague Spring

•1989 - The Communist era in Bulgaria

ended


Re-education Labour Camps


Re-education Labour Camps

•At the end of December 1944, regulation for the opening of "re-education labour camps for people with dangerous political views“ was accepted •Many people are convicted because of:

•different points of view and ideas•telling funny stories•opposing joining the Agricultural Cooperative Farms •being Moslems from the conterminous regions

•Without court and verdict people such as:•scientists•doctors •cultural workers

were sent to these Concentration Camps•500 000 people went through these camps throughout the whole period.


Orders, Medals, Epaulettes



The Army

•The military of Bulgaria dates back to ancient times - the armies of the Bolgar states in Asia, Old Great Bulgaria, Volga Bulgaria, Danube Bulgaria•The leader of the military traditionally - khan•After the First Bulgarian Empire converted to Christianity - knyaz or tsar •The Bulgarian Army represents the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria•The Commander-in-Chief is the President of Bulgaria - Georgi Parvanov •Operational elements of the Bulgarian Army include: Bulgarian Land Forces , Bulgarian Navy , and the Bulgarian Air Forces•The patron saint of the Bulgarian Army - St. George (May 6, also known as St. George's Day)



Orders ,decorations and medals in the Bulgarian army in the beginning of the 60’s

Hero Of The People's Republic Of Bulgaria - Awarded to Bulgarian and foreign citizens for merits in defending Bulgaria and other countries allied to Bulgaria

Honourary titles

Hero Of Socialist Labour - Awarded for exceptional achievements in the sphere of agriculture, science, education, culture, arts as well as for contributing to technical progress.



Orders and medals

National Order Of Labour (1-st ,2-nd ,3-rd class)

Order Of The Red Banner Of Labour

Order Of Labour Glory (1-st ,2-nd and 3-rd class)

Order Of Civil Velour And Merit (1-st ,2-nd and 3-rd class)

Order Of People's Liberty (1-st and 2-nd class)



Order of 9 September 1944

•It was founded with a law on 9 September 1945 •It was rewarded to Bulgarian and foreign citizens who have taken part in the national uprising from 9 September 1944 and also to those who helped for the consolidation of the people’s power.•This order has three classes – 1st,2nd and 3rd with swords and without swords•The first rewarded person was Georgi Dimitrov



Order of Peoples’ Republic of Bulgaria

•On 15 September 1946 Bulgaria was proclaimed for People’s Republic•On 18 June 1947 the order of People’s Republic of Bulgaria was founded.•On this day was rewarded the first person - Georgi Dimitrov •It was rewarded to personnel of the armed forces and civil people for service and remarkable success



Order of Georgi Dimitrov

•Founded on 17 June 1950

•Rewarded to Bulgarian and foreign citizens

for extremely great deserts. Also rewarded to

people honoured with the honourary titles:

• “Hero of people’s republic of

Bulgaria”

• “Hero of socialist labour“

•The first rewarded person was Vulko

Chervenkov prime minister in 1950



Order for Bravery

•It was founded on 15 June 1948

•Three classes – 1st,2nd and 3rd

•It was rewarded to people who

contributed to the success of the

battle in wartime and for feats

connected with the country security

in peace time



Order of the Red Flag

•Founded on 13 December 1950

•This is the first Bulgarian military order

after 9 September 1944

•It was rewarded to personnel of the

armed force and civil people for displayed

courage ,bravery, selflessness and

heroism in wartime



Order of Military Valour and Merit

•Founded on 28 May 1964

•Designed for personnel of the armed

forces for their long, loyally, faultless

and selfless service

•The people were rewarded with that

order in the end of their service , at

their discharge



Order of Balkan Mountain

•Founded on 4 August 1966

•It was given to foreign state heads, head

of governments, ministers, diplomats, etc.

who have extremely great deserts for the

establishment, consolidation and

supporting of friendly relationships with

People’s Republic of Bulgaria.



Medal for the Merits to the Bulgarian People’s Army

•It was founded on 23 December 1965

•Rewarded to personnel of the armed

forces and also to people working in the

Ministry of the National Defense

•For deserts in the consolidation of the

armed force of People’s Republic of

Bulgaria

•Civil people were also rewarded for long

service in the army



Other Medals

•Medal for Participation in the Anti-fascism Struggle•Founded on 15 June 1948 •Awarded to participants in struggle against fascism and capitalism•This is the last Bulgarian award instituted with a triangular suspension ribbon

•Medal for Participation in the People’s Uprising 1923 •Founded on 15 June 1948 •Rewarded to all surviving anti-fascist participants in the June and September 1923 Bulgarian uprisings on the event of the 25th anniversary



Other Medals

•Medal for Years of Service in the Armed Force •Awarded to personnel of the armed forces of the People's Republic Of Bulgaria for long, conscientious and faultless service

•Commemorative Medal 90 Years from Georgi Dimitrov’s Birth •Founded on 12 June 1972 in occasion of Georgi Dimitrov’s 90 birthday •Rewarded to national and international communist movement leaders and politicians



EpaulettesSergeant ranks :

Corporal Sergeant Second Class

Sergeant Sergeant First Class

Chief PettyOfficer

Line officer ranks :

Lieutenant Junior Grade

Second Lieutenant First Lieutenant Capitan



Epaulettes

Senior Officer Ranks :

Superior Officer Ranks :

Major Lieutenant-Colonel Colonel

Major-General Lieutenant-General Colonel-General Army General


People


PeopleTodor Zhivkov

Early Political Life •He joined the Bulgarian Workers Party

in 1932

• Participated in Bulgaria's relatively

small resistance movement against the

country's alignment with Nazi Germany

•He is said to have taken part in the coup

in 1944

Todor Zhivkov is one of the emblematic names for the Bulgarian communism. He was born in the village of Pravets on 7 September 1911 in a peasant family.


PeopleTodor Zhivkov

Rise To Power•1944 - Zhivkov became head of the Sofia police

force

•1948 - Became a full member of the BCP

•1951 - Became member of the BCP Politburo

•1954 - Became first secretary of the BCP

•1962 - Promoted himself to prime minister of

People`s Republic of Bulgaria

•1971 - The "Zhivkov Constitution"

promoted him to chairman of the

new Council of State (president)


PeopleTodor Zhivkov

Zhivkov`s Rule

It had no fixed ideological course.

Thought officially a Communist

internationalist, in fact Zhivkov

attempted to turn Bulgaria into an

economic and military factor

within the Balkans and South-

Eastern Europe.

Bulgaria's traditional patriotic view

of its national history was

dominant, and many patriotic films

on traditional.



Event


EventIX World Youth Festival 1968

The festival is the most remarkable event of the 60s•12 000 young people from Bulgaria took part in the opening ceremony •142 countries from •all around the world •sent delegations

The slogan of the event was “Solidarity, peace and amity” The main topic – “Youth, peace and fertility”



The days of the festival coincided with the anniversary of the destruction of Hiroshima.

The slogans:•“We say no to the War” •“We say no to the atom bomb” •“No more Hiroshima”

were launched.



A tradition for such kind of festivals was every delegation to

plant a tree

outside the

stadium.



There was a competition for the most beautiful lady of the

festival.


Look from the other side

Why haven`t the Beatles taken part in the festival?

-The BCP wouldn`t brook them for political reasons!

And they were not the only one affected by the

censorship in Bulgaria

IX World Youth Festival 1968


Automobile Industry


Automobile IndustryThe Beginning

•The automobile industry in the Soviet Union is unique amongst

automobile industries in the world

•Before 1929 very few Russians could afford cars

•After the October Revolution, the creation of the Kremlin own

automobile industry started

•The oldest Soviet automaker is GAZ - originally developed with

the assistance of Ford

•The industry thrived mostly from the lack of competition


Automobile IndustryBrands and Purposes

• AvtoZAZ (aka ZAZ) - Originally designed to be a Soviet Volkswagen

• AvtoVAZ (aka VAZ, Lada) - The most popular car (known as Zhiguli) was originally a license-built copy of the Fiat 124. Also:

• Lada Samara • Lada Niva SUV • Lada Oka • Lada Riva

• AZLK (aka Moskvitch): originally part of GAZ• AvtoGAZ (aka GAZ): the Russian "Mercedes-Benz"• ZIL: the official limousine of the Soviet Union• UAZ: maker of Soviet SUVs, buses and trucks • LuAZ: maker of small off-road vehicles(/amphibians)


Automobile IndustryZAZ


Automobile IndustryLada


Automobile IndustryMoskvitch


Automobile IndustryUAZ


Automobile IndustryGAZ and ZiL

GAZ

ZiL

ZiL


Sport


SportBoyan Radev

•Born in Moshino, Pernik. •Bulgarian Greco - Roman wrestler for Levski-Spartak in a category up to 97 kg•Two-time Olympic Games champion (1964 Tokyo and 1968 Mexico) •One-time champion of the world.•Became Sportsman of the Year in the years 1964, 1967 and 1968


SportGeorgi Asparuhov

•Bulgarian football player, considered to be among the top Bulgarian footballers of all times•Striker for Levski Sofia from 1960 to 1961 and from 1964 to 1971•Striker for Botev Plovdiv from 1961 to 1963•He played 245 matches and scored 150 goals•Died in a car crash in 1971 with his talented teammateNikola Kotkov•The present stadium PFC Levski Sofia is called Georgi Asparuhov Stadium


Fashion


Fashion•Mostly dresses or skirts

•most times not above the knees•straight with a slash on the back side

•Very rarely, not until the late 60s, women wore trousers•Hair-style

•middle length hair and slightly curly •when the hair is longer - bonded or bonded in a bun

•The shoes were with not so high heels


Music


MusicLili Ivanova

•One of the most famous Bulgarian singers of all times •She started her music career in the 1960s•Despite her age, she keeps singing •Recently she gave a concert in the famous concert hall Olympia in Paris


MusicThe Crickets

•The Crickets are Bulgarian rock band created in Sofia in 1967•Their first recordings were done in January 1967•The name of the band was chosen by the audience of one radio show•They came at the summit of their glory in the 80s•The Crickets have 13 records (the last released 2008) •Their most emblematic songs are:

•“Vow” (soundtrack of the film you’ll see in the coffee break)•“Two traces”•“Date”•“My world”


Cinema


CinemaThe Trespasser of the Peach Garden

•Directed by Vulo Radev and based on a novelette by Emiliyan Stanev•Set towards the end of World War I•Tells the story of a whirlwind love affair between

•a Serbian prisoner of war - Ivo Obretenovic (played by Rade Markovic)•a Colonel’s wife, Elisaveta (played by Nevena Kokanova)

•There isn’t a happy end - the man and the woman die for their love


Television


TelevisionBulgarian National Television

•The Bulgarian national television was found in 1959

•This year it has an anniversary - 50 years from its first

broadcast – live delivery of the 7th November manifestation in

“9th September” square


TelevisionAt Every Kilometer

•It was offered to Bulgarian viewers in 1969•99.6% of the Bulgarians watched it

•Classified as action •The plot - the partisan movement against Fascism during the Second World War. •The soundtrack, performed by Kosta Karageorgiev, is very popular. •The lyrics say:

•“We were born from the red flag,We’ll not be scared by deathWe are at every kilometerWe are at every kilometerAnd that is how it would be till the end of the world …”


TelevisionFast, brave and skillful

•It’s a children’s program, broadcast on the Bulgarian National

Television (BNT)

•Released for the first time on 10 October, 1969

•The participants in the show competed in performing different

physical competitions - hurdles, jumping with sacks, ball games and

many others

•In 1979, it became a co-production between the Bulgarian, Czech

and Hungarian televisions


Livings



Credits

• Iva Kanova• Maria Gulyashka• Dimitar Todorov• Hristiyan Alashki

Documents

The Historical Background Of The 60s In Bulgaria