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The History of Atomic Theory

The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

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Page 1: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

The History of Atomic Theory

Page 2: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

Democritus

• Greek philosopher

• 460-370 B.C.

• First to propose that matter was not infinitely divisible

Page 3: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

John Dalton

• English chemist and physicist

• 1766-1844

• Considered to be the father of our modern atomic theory

Page 4: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803)1. Matter could be explained in terms of

“atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning indivisible).

2. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties.

3. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.

4. Atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds.

5. In chemical reactions, atoms recombine to form new substances.

Page 5: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

Although Dalton’s theory was very successful, the question remained…

Are atoms really indivisible?

Page 6: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

In 1898, J.J. Thomson conducted experiments using a Crooke’s tube

Diagram not

necessary

Page 7: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

Thomson concluded that all elements give off the same negatively charged particles (“cathode ray particles”).

Today we call these particles…

Electrons!!!

Page 8: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

J.J. Thomson’s Plum Pudding ModelEvenly distributed positive charge

Electrons

But this model was shown to be completely wrong by one of the most important experiments of all time…

Draw this diagram!

Page 9: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

The Rutherford Experiment (1911)

Draw this diagram!

Page 10: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

The Discovery of the Nucleus

Draw this diagram!

Page 11: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

The Rutherford Experiment

Atoms… matter… everything is composed almost entirely of empty space!

99.9999999999999% nothing!!!

Page 12: The History of Atomic Theory - Mrs. Rhee Science · Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) 1. Matter could be explained in terms of “atoms” (from the Greek word “atomos,” meaning

The Problem

If electrons are accelerating in orbit around the nucleus, they must lose energy…

So what keeps electrons from crashing into the nucleus???

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