FURTHER INSECT PESTS OF THE HONEY LOCUST( GLED IT S I A T RI AC ANTHO,S L..). )

$TEFAN NEGRU

A light loving species of forestry and ornamental interest, and a native- similarlX as the acacia - of the south-east of North America, the honeyIocustL) (Gled,itsia-tr.iacanthos L.)r) was introduced some 260 years ago insouthern Europe, crimea and Caucasus for its qualities ; in Rumania it haspenetrated som-e hundred years ago and seems to be fully naturalized today.

.. .The !oney locust, which is a first size tree (40 -4b m fieight), is frequentiycultivated in Rumania both within the green spaces of in-duslrial cities anilalong the roads and also in forest plantations, bbth in the lowland and thehigN_and, and especial]y in steppe and antesteppe areas (9, b).

In addition to ^Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) (g)other inscct p-ests

-of the hgl_"y locust recorded uniil now dre the folltiwing:Pec1es (l), M eg a'gl.tile -sp. ( I! A menopter a, M eg achilidae ), A nisoptia austr iaclaHerbst-and Amphirnallo.n sols_titialii L. (coleoptera, scarabaeidie), parand.racaspia l.tdl qla {re9!.it scabricornis Scop. (Coteopte, Cerambgcid,ae), Aphismedicaginis Koch (Homoptera, Aphiilid.ae), Drolicha turkistanica' A-rch.(Homoptera, Margarodidae j, Pseudoioccus comstockiKuw. (Homopterq pseud,o-coccidae), Parthenolecanium corni Botch6 and P. persicae F.- (Homoptera,coccidae) and, Diaspid,iotus perniciosus const. (Eomoptera, Diaspididae)'.

*A. In the summer of 1_963, on 23.VII., I found in Oloaga forests) a stem

of honey.locust_having 1,60 m in length ind 6 cm in diaileter, in which atthe mentioned date larvae of coleopte-ra were growing. The material was cutinto four portions and kept undefobservatioi in thle laboratory in rearingboxes.

l,) 14. preseat paper was. prysented. at the meeting of January 27 , t96E;t; 'I'his species is known in Rumania under severdl names: giaailh, roqbov sllbatic,pldtici, tecar, Sdcim boieresc or elidi;.t) syn. Gleditschia (Fam. L6euminosae)8) Comana forestry district, Giurgiu district, Bucharest region.

Lb4 $T. NEGRU

Between 27.I. and 3.VI.1964 from the mentioned material emerged 94imagines of the following coleopteran pests known from and repeatedly foundon Rumania's territory:

4 spns Antharia (Haplantharia) cichorii Ol. (Buprestidae),8t spns Lyctus pubescens Panz. (Lyctidae),4 spns Chlorophorus (Clytanthus) sartor (Miill.) and5 spns Stenofterus flavicornis Kiist. (the two latter species ate Ceramby'

ciilae).in the following I am giving some data on these insects and on their

damages ripon the honey locust.tl Aniharia (Hapli.ntharia) cichortt Ol.The larvae of .thisipecies grow on Malus, Pirus, Prunus and. on deciduous

trees e.g. Quercus, Fagis, Sali-r and Zellcowg, causing the aftcted branches todrv upitie adulis vi-sit thebloomof the Composaiae and Ranunculaceae (l)." tir itre attacked material studied by me the larval galleries of this speciesare bored between the bark and the wobd; they are weakly imprinted on theinner face of the bark and strongly set into the wood. They are very muchflattened and sinuate with round6d windings and may reach tb cm in length,9.5 mm in breadth in their last portions, anl up to 1.2 mm in height. so.-"-times they meander back in th6 same places where the larvae made previousangles; tlie mixed bark and wood duit resulting from the loring is .prqs:edinivaves into the galleries and when tried with ! nir-it detaches itself insmall strongly flattEned blocks (up tg 1 cry) (fig. t). The dust is extremelyiine. When"pirpating the larva boies into the wood a rather superficial.nest(about 2 mm rieep),-obliquely or radially with longitudinal.axis horizontallyarranged. The ne'si'may tranb 5.5-7 mm in length, -up to 3 mm in breadth

""a flf mm in height. (tig. a). The fine yellowiih white wood dust can be

observed in front of ttie "tt..i. Tht ellipiical aperture cut by the imago is

2.6-3.8 mm broad and 1.3-1.8 mm high (fig. 2).A. (Haplantharia) cichoriiOl. is known from southern and eastern Europe,

Turkev. Svria. Iran, ileiers and the southern and central regions of theEuropean lart of the USSR, Crimea, Caucasus and Transcaucasus (l).

2. Lyctus pubescens Panz.This"specie-s lives on Quercus (ll), Frarinas (6) and Robin-ia pseudacacia

L. (Z).Among the Quercis species this insect pe!_t_.yls found on Q. petraea(Mattuschkayiielt., q . roburL. and Q. pubesceis Willd., together with Lyctuslinearis Goeze (4).

In the studied material the galleries made by the la1vle of this sp_ecies

in the wood are longandveryentingled, tightly filled with fine, even-yellow-ish white dust. Whin the stem is cul lengtlwise the dust appears to be lack-ing in small portions of the galleries similarly as in the case of the pupationtr"".tt 1fig.5).'The latter are straight or curved, circular in.cross section and

"p to b frm'long (fig. A). The apefrures cut out by-the imagines are perfectly

rounded, with diimleters of 1.1 to 1.9. mm (fig. 6).L, pubescens Panz. is known from Europe, t_he central and northern parts

of Euro-pean USSR included, and Asia Minor (1).

INSECT PESTS OF THE HONEY LOCUST

3. Chlorophorus (Clytanthus) sa,rtor (Miill.)The larvae of this species bore their galleries under the bark and in the

wood of the branches and slender trunks of Quercus, Castanea, Robinia pseu-dacacia L. and of other arbors and shrubs of the family Leguminosai (l).

The galleries are dug in both the superficial and deep layers of the wood(in my material as deep as 2 cm). They are partially free of dust but mostlyfilled with packed, fine, yellowish white dust. The galleries are elliptical,flattened in cross section, measuring up to 2.5 cm in breadth and 0.8 cm inheight (fig. 7, 8, 9). The apertures cut by the imagines are subrounded,7.8 ml2 mm. (fig. t0).

C. (Clytanthus) sartor (Miill.) is known from Europe, Asia Minor, USSR(its European part, Crimea, Caucasus and Transcaucasus, Turkmenia andSiberia) (1) but also from Israel, Syria and Iran (8).

4. Stenopterus flavicornis Kiist.The larval galleries of this insect are much flattened, weakly imprinted

into the bark but very strongly so into the wood. They may attain i.8 cm inlength, 2 cm in breadth and 3 mm in height. The dust consists of mixed barkand wood tigthly packed fine dust (fig. 11). When it pupates, the larva digsa nest 8 cm long with cross section of 8 mm/4 mm, bored as deeply as 1.5 cm(fig. I2). The aperture cut by the imago has elliptical outline measuring3.8-4 mml2.4-3 mm (fig. t3).

This species is known from western, southern and eastern Europe, Algiers,Asia Minor and Syria (10).

From the honey locust material infested by the larvae of the abovementioned Coleoptera on 7.V.1964 emerged in the laboratory L Q Dolicho-mitus sp.a) (Hymenoptera, Ichenumonid,ae-Pimplinae), which is a usefulparasite.

On 7.X.1964 from a gallery of. Lyctus pubescens Panz. bored in the infes-Ied Gleditsia triacanthos L. emerged t Q Denops albofasciata Charp. a. longi-collis Stev. (Co leoptera, Cleridae), a useful predator.

B. On 4.VI.1958 in Bdneasa wood near Bucharest. at the base of a drvstem of Gledi*ia triacanthos L. having L7 cm in diameier and 9 m in hdighlI found soveral entrance holes and mother-gallery systems bored by femalesof Xyleborus monograpftas (Fabricitrs) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). No other signsof damage were found on the mentioned stem.

The material preserved in my collection consists of several pieces havingcharacteristic damages and only 2 females found in galleries.

The host plants of this Scolitid are Quercus robur L., Q. petraea (Mattu-schka) Liebl., Q. cenisL., Q. pontica K. Koch and Q. casta,naeifolza C.A. Mey,Ulmus laevis Pall., U. procera Salisb. and U. rnontana Stokes, Fagus sil(,aticaL. and F. orientali.s Lipsky, Castanea vescaMill., Acer platanoides L. and /.campestre L. ('1,2) and in addition Q. suber L. (2).

a) Determined by Professor M. I. CONSTANTINEAU (< AI. I. Cuza I Universityof Iassy) to whom the best thanks are rendered here too.

$T. NEGRU

X. monographus is known from Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor;in USRR from its European part, Crimea, Caucasus and Trancaucasus (l).

It results from the literature that among the xylophagous coleopterafound by me the species Anthaoia (Haplanthaaia) ciclwrii Ol., Lyctrzs pubes-cens Panz., Stenopterus flaeicornis Kust. and Xylebobus manographus (F.)have not till now been recorded as pests oI Gleditsia triacanthos L.

tfir. Antipar, Museurn of Natural Hisnrg

N'OI INSECTE DAUNATOARE LA GLADITA (GLEDITSIATRIACANTHOS L.)

REZUMAT

ln lucrare, autorul prezintd importanla gl6dilei gi d[ lista insectelorddunitoare cunoscute la aceastd esen![ forestieri.

ln continuare, autorul prezintd 5 specii de Coleoptere diunitoare la gli-ditd gdsite, in Pddurea Comana (4 specii) qi tn Pddurea Bd,neasa (L specie)(Regiunea Bucuregti). Acestea sLnL: Antharia cichorii Ol. (Buprestidae),Lltcius pubescens Panz. (Lyctidae), Chlorophorus sartor (Mil.) qi Stenopterusflaoicornis Kust. (Cerambycidae) precam gi Xyleborus monographus (F.)'(ScolytidaeJ. Exceptind. pe Chlorophorus sartor (Miill.), toate celelalte speciiiru au mai fost citate ca desvoltlndu-se la glddild.

La fiecare dintre acegti ddundtori, se dau in lucrare: arealul, plantele-eazdd cunoscute, date cu privire la materialul de gl[dild atacat, studiat,irecum Bi 4 planqe cu t3 fotografii originale ale pieselor vfltdmate caracteristic.^ Din materialul atacat, studiat, au mai iegit tn laborator Doliclnrnitussp. (Hltmenoptera.. Ichneumonidae), precntm qi Denops albofasciala Charp. a.

long'icollis Siev. (Coleoptera, Cleridae).

HOBbIE BPE.UHbIE HACEKOMbIE HA rnE,qUqUpI(GLEDTTSIA TRIACANTHOS L-)

Pegrone

B pa6ore aBTop yKagbrBaer sHaqeH[{e rJre,qflqxu rr Aaer cnllrcoK HaceKoMbf,K,

r,rsBegrnbf,K na gtoft .rrecsoft nopoAe.,[,aree, aBmp nprmoAlrr clreAyloIqre 5 BLTIoB BpeAlrbrx ,Keclxorpbunrx,

HafiAennrrx Ha rneArqllll B necy Komana (4 sllga) r B Jlecy BsHsca (1 sr4) (O6.ractrEyxapecr): Anthasia cichorii Ol. (Buprestidae), Lyctus pubescens Panz.(Luitid,ae), Chlorophorus sartor (Miill.) u Stenopterus flavicornis Ktist. (Ceram-byiidael,'a rax)ffe- Xyleborus rnonographu.s (F.) (Scolytiilae).

PLATE I, (The divisions represent mm)

Tlq. t.- Gallery of larva of. Anthaxia cictnrii OI. after removal of bark. Original.^. .. r''ig. 2.. - Aperture bored into the bark (see arrow) and an imago of Anthaxia cihoriiur. tlLclrcte) emetging from piece in which it has grown. Orieinal. -

^--._{iS. 3. - Pupation nest of. Anthaaia cicho;ii Ol. (in-circle), tongitudinal section.

un$nar._,, _Iig:"4;-.3 pieces of wood *qrlng cross sections and oblique sections of larvalgalerres oI Lyctus pu,bescens Panz. Original.

PLATE II(The divisions represent mm)

Fig. 5. . Lglvd g,glleri.as. or Lyctrc purescens panz. in pieces of wood sectionedlongitudinally. Original."rrg. tt. - Apertures-bored by imagines or Lgcttrs pulgscens panz. original.Fis. 7. - Larvar saileries it cndropno-i i"rrrl lririiir.)"-i;i;;i sectioned rongi_tudinally. Original.

!

II

PLATE III(The divisions rePresent mm)

Fic. 8. - Cross section of larval galery of Cliloroplnrry s1!-tol (n{y.U') Originat'.'FiA: ,: - i;;J-;;ii;-"t-;i ctttoTptirus sarror iMiill.) filled in'ith wood dus-t,.and

r.n.t"t 3ro*r secfi;;; E;iirius ot ii"t"i pubescens Pariz. in iongitudinally sectioned stem'

Orieinal.10. - Apertures bored by 2 imagines of. chloroplnrus sartor.(Miill.)..original'

hi[: ii: - -l,i.iiig"tteri

ot shngptnligflaoicornis Kiist. (the portion bored between

tne nariiand the wood isiree 6f wood drist). Original'

PLATE IV(Divisions represent mm)

. Fig'- 12. - Larvalgalleries^of Stenopterus flavicornis Ktist. (portions bored into thewood and pupation galliries). Original.rtg' 13' - Apertures bored by imagines of Stenopterus flac,icornis Kiist. into lhebark. Original.

INSECT PESTS OF THE HONEY LOCUST 15?

Passr'ITze Bcex srlrx BIr.qoB 3a ucrsrKrrreunem Chlorophorus sartor (Miill.)He oTMe!IaJIOC6 Ha ruIe,uvrII{I,I.

,(aa xax<goro ng gTnx rpegureaeft n pa6ore [pr{BoAqrcs: apeaJr, rlr3BeqrHblepaCTeHHg

- xO3.EeBa, AaHHEIe oTIIoClneJIbHO I,I3yqeHHOI'O nOBpex{AeIrHOrO MaTe-puaJra rJreAr.rquu, a raK)r(e n 4 radtwTrr c 13 opllrnH€urbHrriuu sororpa$nzmu,[peAcraBrqroulaMr{ xapaKTepHbre [oBpe)r{Aenr.r.s tracreft pac'TeHz.fl.

- VIs u3yqeHHoro [oBpHoe)fiAeHro ltrarepr{aJra BbrBeJrr4cr u na6oparopuu Doli-chomitus s-p. (!a-r.ten!ptera, _rchneumonid,ae),_ " ru**" "-Dinops

attilosciatioCharp. a. longicollis S[ev. (Coteoptera, Cleridae).

REFERENCES.

1' ARNOLDI L' v i sotrud. - 1955. Vrediteli lesa (Spravocinik) Moskva-Leningrad,ti2.2. BALACHOWSKY .{\: -:__19_49. Col6opt0res Scolytiles in Faune de France, 60.3. DUMITRIU-Ttr'TA_RANU^I*;f

"ill6.-= isoo. A;bori-qi irl,itii r".estieri qi ornamen-tali cultivafi in R.p.R. Min. Econom. norest], p"rtl-i.x.c.ii:ir.l-B;;;ili,377 _378.

4' GUSEV V' I' i RIMSKI'KORSAKOV Mr-N. - 1951. Opredeliteli povrejdenii lesnihi dekorativnrh dereviev i kustarnikov ru.op.ir-t'oi-.."rii's.s.s.h:;M;;k;;:Leningrad.

5' HARALAMB A. - tgq3. cultura speciilor forestiere. Edit. agrosilvicd, ed. II, Bucu-rcsti. 757 -76r.6' ILINSKI A. i. - {948..opredeliteli iaifekladok, licinok i kukolok nasekomih vrednih- v lesnom hoziaistve,- Moskva _ l,eningrad.---

- -*-"'"- '

7' NEGRU ST' :.1993^. Contrib-q1ie li cunoaqterea dlundtorilor salclmului. Acad.$3lublicii Socialis te Rd mdnia, S tudii 9i c;.d&;i a; Bi;i., S;;f Bi;i: A;il:;16. r-

8. PANIN Q..01 S^XyqpESCU N. - 1961. Coleoptera Cerambycidae in Fauna Repu_blicii socialiste Romania, Acad. Repibii.ii soJi"riJt; H;il4"i";Ti.,ii"5ii,10. 5.9' PA$covqcr-Il 9. - ^ta!. contribufiuni la biologia fruturerui Lymantria dispar L.,_ publ. I.N.C.E.F., Seria Ii. 28. lI.10' PLAVIL$91{O'-N. N. - 1940. Naser<imte - Jestkokrilte in Fauna s.s.s.R.,_ Juki - Drovoseki, ceasti 2.1r' REITTER E. - 1911. Fauira cir-manica (Die Kafer des Deutschen Reiches), Stut-tgart. 8.

12. srARK V-. N: - 1952. Jestkokrilie - Koroedl in Fauna s.s.s.R., 3r, 49.