The Human The Human BodyBody

The Human The Human BodyBody

Did you Know??!!• When you sneeze all body functions stop, even your

heart• Your brain is 80% water• A human has 60,000 miles of blood vessels in their body • The lining of your digestive system is shed every 3 days• More than half the bones in your body are found in your

hands and feet• Everyone is color blind at birth

• 1.7 litres of saliva is produced each day • About 8 million blood cells die in the human body every

second, and the same number are born each second

Body Systems:

1. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM2. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM3. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM4. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM5. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

TRIVIA!1. How many muscles are there

in the human body?• Answer: 640 Muscles• Muscles band together to form muscle

groups which work together • When the muscles contract, they pull on the

tendons which pull on the bones and cause our limbs to move

• Muscles can be either voluntary or involuntary (consider your arm vs. your heart which beats 60 to 80 beats every minute without you having to think about it!)

More TRIVIA! • The longest muscle in the body is ___________• Answer- The Sartorius • The Sartorius runs from the outside of the hip, down

and across to the inside of the knee. It twists and pulls the thigh outwards.

• The smallest muscle in the body is __________ • Answer- The Stapedius • The Stapedius is located deep in the ear. It is only 5mm

long and thinner than cotton thread. It is involved in hearing.

• The biggest muscle in the body is __________ • Answer- The Gluteus Maximus• The Gluteus Maximus is located in the buttock. It pulls

the leg backwards powerfully for walking and running.

There are about 60 muscles in the face.

Smiling is easier than frowning.

It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.

The Skeletal System

TRIVIA!• How many bones are there in the human

body?• Answer: 206 Bones

• When you were born, your skeleton had around 350 bones. By the time you become an adult, you will only have 206 bones. This is because, as you grow, some of the bones join together to form one bone.

Inside a Bone-• Our bones are alive- they have their own

nerves and blood vessels, and they do various jobs, such as storing body minerals.

• A typical bone has an outer layer of hard or compact bone, which is very strong, dense and tough.

• Inside this is a layer of spongy bone, which is like honeycomb, lighter and slightly flexible.

• In the middle of some bones is jelly-called bone marrow, where new cells are constantly being produced for the blood.

The Skeleton-• The Skeleton is the name given to the

collection of bones that holds the rest of our body up. Our skeleton is very important to us. It does three major jobs:

1. It protects our vital organs such as the brain, the heart and the lungs.

2. It gives us the shape that we have. Without our skeleton, we would just be a blob of blood and tissue on the floor.

3. It allows us to move. Because our muscles are attached to our bones, when our muscles move, they move the bones, and we move.

TRIVIA! Who discovered the X-ray?ANSWER~

• Wilhelm Roentgen, a physicist at the University of Wursburg, Germany, discovered radiation “X-rays” on November 8, 1895. This discovery altered the course of medicine.• Roentgen refused to patent his discovery or realize

financial gain from it, preferring instead that the world benefit from his research.

• Many fields have emerged in Diagnostic Imaging since Roentgen’s discovery. The science has expanded to include General Imaging, CT Scan,

Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound and MR1

The Circulatory

System

Did you know?!

The average person has 4-5 liters of blood• The blood is the transport system by

which oxygen and nutrients reach the body's cells, and waste materials are carried away.

• In addition, blood carries substances called hormones, which control body processes, and antibodies to fight invading germs.

______________________________________________Red blood cells carry oxygen from

the lungs to all the cells of the body while White blood cells are like soldiers protecting the body.

______________________________________________

• ARTERIES are vessels that carry blood ____________ the heart.

• VEINS are vessels that carry blood _________ the heart.

TRIVIA!

AWAY FROM

TOWARDS

The Heart• Your heart is a muscle about the size of your clenched fist. • It is located in the left side of your chest, behind your rib

cage and between your lungs• It has thick muscular walls and is divided into two pumps. • Blood from the right side pump is dark red (bluish) and

low in oxygen. • This dark red blood travels along pulmonary arteries to

the lungs where it receives fresh supplies of oxygen and becomes bright red.

• The bright red blood then flows along pulmonary veins back to the heart's left side pump

• Blood leaves the left side of the heart and travels through arteries which gradually divide into capillaries.

• In the capillaries, food and oxygen are released to the body cells

• The blood then travels in veins back to the right side of the heart, and the whole process begins again.

The

Human Heart

Did You Know??!!Blood is a liquid organ The heart beats around 3 billion times in

the average person's life• Your blood pressure is the measure of the force of blood as

it flows through the arteries of the cardiovascular system

Within a tiny droplet of blood, there are some 5 million red blood cells, 300 000 platelets and 10 000 white cells.

• It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body.

» Microscopic View of Blood Cells

About how many red blood cells are there in

one drop of blood?• There are about 5,000,000 Red

Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood.

TRIVIA!

The Digestive System

What have you EATEN today??

• Food provides us with fuel to live, energy to work and play, and the raw materials to build new cells.

• All the different varieties of food we eat are broken down by our digestive system and transported to every part of our body by our circulatory system.

–We eat about 500kg of food A Year!

• The main part of the digestive system is the digestive tract.

• This is like a long tube, some nine meters in total, through the middle of the body.

• It starts at the mouth, where food and drink enter the body, and finishes at the anus, where leftover food and wastes leave the body

• Every day 11.5 liters of digested food, liquids and digestive juices flow through the digestive system, but only 100mls is lost as waste.

• The Mouth- Teeth bite off and chew food which mixes it with watery saliva, from 6 salivary glands around the mouth and face

• The Esophagus- A muscular tube that takes food from the mouth to the stomach.

– Food moves through the esophagus by a muscular movement know as _____________

» This means that even if you stand on your head, food will still reach your stomach!

TRIVIA!

Peristalsis

The Stomach• The stomach has a thick muscular wall that contracts to mash

up the food• Stomach acids and enzymes begin to break down the

nutrients in the food we eat, particularly the proteins• The liquefied contents of the stomach enter the small

intestine for further processing• As the food is digested in the small intestine it is dissolved

into the juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, • The contents of the intestine are mixed and pushed forward

to allow further digestion and absorption of nutrients by the walls of the intestine.

• The waste products of this process include undigested parts of the food, known as fiber, and older cells shed from the lining of the stomach and intestine.

• These materials are propelled into the colon, where they remain, usually for a day or two, until the feces are expelled by a bowel movement.

– It takes about 20-30 hours to digest

food completely

The Respiratory System•The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen. •The respiratory system does this through breathing. •When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. •When we inhale oxygen, it goes into our lungs and is absorbed by the blood stream

The Lungs-• Inside each of your sponge-like lungs, tubes,

called bronchi, branch into even smaller tubes much like the branches of a tree. At the end of these tubes are millions of tiny bubbles or sacs called alveoli.

• They exchange the oxygen for waste products, like carbon dioxide, which the cells in your body have made and can't use.

• Once they receive the oxygen, red blood cells turn from purple to that beautiful red color as they start carrying the oxygen to all the cells in your body. *The branching

out of the alveoli creates more surface area which in turn allows for more oxygen to be absorbed.

• When we eat, a flap called the ________ -- flops down to cover the windpipe so that food doesn't go down the wrong tube.

• ANSWER- ___________

TRIVIA!

epiglottis

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