The ICATEE Programme_Sunjoo Advani

8/3/2019 The ICATEE Programme_Sunjoo Advani

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Royal Aeronautical SocietyFlight Simulation Group


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Flight Simulation Group - Royal Aeronautical Society - London, UK

Take-away

Upset events are rare, but catastrophic Upset Prevention & Recovery Training is critical to safety for

prevention, and when

aircraft is outside the envelope and agitated

situational awareness is degraded licensing training has not provided recovery skills

psychophysical bounds challenged

Integration of academics + simulator + in-flight training is key

Focus on awareness, recognition & avoidance, recovery

Instructor standardization is vital

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Outline

The need The approach

Training requirements analysis and discovery

Challenges to implementation

Conclusions

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The need

Loss-of-Control fatalities have risen

despite improvements in aircraft design,

and existing training

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Statistics

LOC-I replaces CFIT as leading cause of fatalities

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E-GPWS

Statistics


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Statistics - Fatalities 1995-2004

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Flight Simulation Group - Royal Aeronautical Society - London, UK 8


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Airplane upset causes

0

7,5

15,0

22,5

30,0

Stall FCS SD Icing AD Other

Number of incidents, 1993-2007

FCS = Flight Control SystemSD = Spatial DisorientationAD = Atmospheric Disturbance

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Status

Pilots are well trained Aircraft have protection systems:

stick shakers

stick pushers

audible warnings envelope protection

angle-of-attack indications (in many cases)

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why?


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LOC-I Incidents

Predictable: No Likelihood: Rare

Severity: Catastrophic

Training Need: Critical

Current Training Status: Untrained or inadequately trained

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Training Assumptions

1. Aircraft is within normal operational envelope and in anon-agitated flight condition

2. Situational awareness and information can be

accurately correlated by the pilot with respect to

observed flight condition3. Airplane handling skills and strategies established by

regulatory licensing can directly resolve an escalating

condition

4. Human psychophysical response is predictable andreliable.

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What is an upset?

Pitch attitude beyond 25 degrees up Pitch attitude beyond 10 degrees down

Bank angle in excess of 45 degrees

Within the above but at inappropriate airspeed

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Roll (Right)Roll (Left)

Pitch (-down)

Pitch (+up)

+ 30o

+ 25o

+ 10o

- 10o

60o

45o

60o

- 30o

EnvelopeAttitude

X

Pitch attitude greater than 25 deg nose up.

Pitch attitude greater than 10 deg nose down.

Bank angle greater than 45 deg.

Or, within those parameters, but flying atairspeeds inappropriate for the conditions.

L/D MaxStallMmo

What is an upset?


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All-Attitude Daily Threat

100 % All-Attitude Training (180 AOB, +/- 90 Pitch)


All-Attitude Knowledge Deficiencies

11.1 % Max Licensing Limits (60 AOB, +/-30 Pitch)

4.9 %

Upset Definition

Airplane Upset Recovery

Training Aid

Upset Definition (45 AOB, +25 & -10 Pitch)


Pitch (-down)

Pitch (+up)+ 90

o

+ 50o

+ 30o

+ 25o

+ 10o

- 10

o

- 50o

- 90o

60o

90o

180o180

o135

o135

o

45

o


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Colgan Air 3407

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All-Attitude Daily Threat

100 % All-Attitude Training (180 AOB, +/- 90 Pitch)


All-Attitude Knowledge Deficiencies

11.1 % Max Licensing Limits (60 AOB, +/-30 Pitch)

4.9 %

Upset Definition

Airplane Upset Recovery

Training Aid

Upset Definition (45 AOB, +25 & -10 Pitch)


Pitch (-down)

Pitch (+up)+ 90

o

+ 50o

+ 30o

+ 25o

+ 10o

- 10

o

- 50o

- 90o

60o

90o

180o180

o135

o135

o

45

o

Approximate limits, Colgan 3407

AA-587 PIO


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condition


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condition


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Situational Awareness and Information

Multiple sources of information during an upset event visual

aural

tactile

vestibular g-cueing

May have never been exposed in time-critical situation

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condition


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What is happening?

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All-envelope knowledge deficiencies

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Learning objective - post-stall regime

Recovery technique: unloading Managing angle-of-attack

Recognizing signs:

buffet

reduced lateral control

reduced stability

Maneuver-oriented: Experience a full stall

Line-oriented: Recognize and apply recovery at

FIRST SIGNS

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condition


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4-Psychophysical response is predictable & reliable

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condition


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So, what happens now?


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Flight Simulation Group - Royal Aeronautical Society - London, UK 15Flight Simulation Group - Royal Aeronautical Society - London, UK

UpsetPreventionand

RecoveryTraining


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ICATEE

International Committee for Aviation Training inExtended Envelopes

Initiated by RAeS Flight Simulation Group in June 2009

AIM: Upset Prevention and RecoveryTraining

Awareness, Recognition & Avoidance, Recovery

MISSION: To deliver a comprehensive long-term strategy

to reduce the rate of Loss of Control In-Flight accidents

and incidents through enhanced UPRT

Provide recommendations to ICAO, FAA and industry


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Flight Simulation Group - Royal Aeronautical Society - London, UKFlight Simulation Group - Royal Aeronautical Society - London, UK

ICATEE Participants

45 organizations, over 80 individuals

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Category Participants

Organization RAeS-FSG, ICAO

Airframe Manufacturer Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier

Regulator/Government FAA, NTSB, IATA (ITQI), Transport Canada, EASA, Russian CAA

Training Provider CAE, FlightSafety, Boeing Flight Training, APS, CALSPAN, Embry-Riddle

Simulation Provider CAE, FlightSafety, Thales, Opinicus, ETC, BihrleIndustry Body ALPA, IFALPA, ATA, BBGA

Airline KLM, Alaska, Flybe, FedEx, Air Canada, Lufthansa, Singapore, Etihad, AerLingus, Thai International, IndiGo

Research AIAA MSTC, NASA, UTIAS, NLR, TNO, IDT, DLR, U Liverpool, SOS, Volpe


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The dream team

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Oklahoma - Dec 2010 Mesa - April 2011

London - June 2010 Seattle -August2011


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The dream team


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Findings

Simulators have replaced aircraftfor most training; efficient,

effective and safe

In UPRT, there is no single tool

for optimum training - each haslimitations and advantages

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Flight Simulation Group - Royal Aeronautical Society - London, UKFlight Simulation Group - Royal Aeronautical Society - London, UKFlight Simulation Group - Royal Aeronautical Society - London, UK

Element 1 - Academics

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Airplane Upset Recovery TrainingAid (1988) is the industry reference

ICATEE UPRT Manual Sections

Pilot Academic Knowledge & Skill

Preparation

Instructor Guidance in UPRT

Authorized Training Providers

Regulatory Guidance


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Element 2 - Airplane

Exposure to

Psychological component

Physiological component

Accurate recovery environment

Require

qualified aircraft

qualified instructors

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Element 2 - Airplane

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Element 3 - Simulator

1. Better use of existing devices

UP scenarios

requires instruction standardization

2. IOS modifications

envelope feedback

inappropriate controls feedback

requires instruction standardization

3. Sim modifications

UPRT scenarios

pilot cueing

requires instructor standardization

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Scenarios

Need to provoke learning through UPRT: prevention at the edge of the envelope

recovery back into the envelope

Instructor standardization is key

Realism of scenarios is not due to the scenario alone...

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Scenarios

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Stall modelling

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Stick pusher (if available)

Stall warning

StallCL

Normal Flight Approach to StallFully-Developed

Stall


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Cardinal simulator rule

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Pilot stimulation

Review effectiveness of buffet simulation Support new ICAO Objective Motion Cueing Test:

motion cueing algorithm

motion platform hardware

digital implementation The following slides show the significant variability in

motion cueing systems:

three qualified systems, tuned by subjective methods

Conclusion: An objective measurement is required This is available in the latest ICAO 9625 document

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Motion System 1

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Motion System 2

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Motion System 3

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C


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Combined result - 3 motion systems

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Provides instructorsand pilots withfeedback tools:

validationenvelope

flight control input aircraft limitations

Simulator Upset Recognition and Recovery Evaluation

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UPRT Si l ti R i t


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UPRT Simulation Requirements

ICATEE UPRT Appendix to ICAO 9625 Rev 4 Recommendations focus on high-end devices

Data (representative stall modelling)

Pilot Stimulation

Upset Initiation Envelope-Protected a/c

Scenario Implementation

IOS Requirements

Highly stand-alone; easy to integrate into otherguidance material (FAA)

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ICATEE T i i R d ti


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ICATEE Training Recommendations (proposed)

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Academics + On-Aircraft

general skills & knowledge

Academics + Sims(MOFT + LOFT)

type-specific skills & knowledge

Scenario-Based +Refresher Training

applied skills & knowledge

CPL

Type-Rating

1 - General

2 - Type-Specific

3 - Recurrent

D li bl


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Deliverables

Recommendations to FAA: Stall/Stick-Pusher WG

Stick Pusher Adverse Weather ARC

ICAO

Manual of Upset Prevention & Recovery Training References in ICAO Annexes and PANS-TRG

Training manuals for pilot, instructor, regulator, operator

Simulator technical standards appendix (9625 or other)

RAeS Report ICATEE UPRT Research and Technology Report

IATA FSTD Data Document revisions

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D li bl & Mil t


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Deliverables & Milestones

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PANS-TRG

ANNEX 1Executive-LevelRecommendation1 Jan 2012

PANS-TRGReference fromPANS-TRG, draftOctober 2011

UPRT AppendixMarch 2012

UPRT ManualMid 2011

Manual of Criteria for

the Qualification of

Flight Simulation

Training Devices

R h & T h l i t


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Considerations for UPRT Maximum use of existing infrastructure

Internal evaluation activities

Future research programs

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Research & Technology requirements

ICATEE Research &Technology Report

T k


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Take-away

Upset events are rare, but catastrophic

Upset Prevention & Recovery Training is critical to safety for

prevention, and when

aircraft is outside the envelope and agitated

situational awareness is degraded licensing training has not provided recovery skills

psychophysical bounds challenged

Integration of academics + simulator + in-flight training is key

Focus on awareness, recognition & avoidance, recovery Instructor standardization is vital

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M l H dli Skill D d ti


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AIRBUSS.A.S.

Allrightsreserved.

Confidentialandproprietaryd

ocument.

Manual Handling Skills Degradation

Motion Cueing - A Pilots Best Friend

Manual Handling

Systems Knowledge

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career path


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... the future

RAeS Conference


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RAeS Conference

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Autumn Flight Simulation Conference

THE CONTRIBUTION OF

FLIGHT SIMULATION TO

AVIATION SAFETY

LONDON NOVEMBER

Sponsored by:


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Documents

The ICATEE Programme_Sunjoo Advani