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The Immune and Enteric Systems
Sue Howell, DVM
The Immune System
www.nobelprize.org
• Identify potentially injurious substances• Distinguish self from non-self• Assess level of threat • Mount an appropriate response• Repair damage
• Body’s natural response to insult
• Vital to survival
• Meant to be turned on for a short time
Inflammation
Ingredients that support the immune system
http://vimeo.com/62369403
• Spanish black radish
• RNA
• Buckwheat leaf juice and seed
• L-glutamine
Adaptogens
(Eleutherococcus senticosus ) Ginseng (Withania somnifera )
Ashwaganda
Canine Immune SupportFeline Immune Support
Indications• General immune system
support• Colder climates or during
the fall/winter months• When kenneled or in a
shelter
Star
Star
• 6 year old F/S DSH• Chronic URI resolved with doxycycline,
hyperglobulinemia with polyclonal gammopathy diagnosed 1 year prior
• No follow up viral panel. No viral testing
History
• Severe crusting and ulceration of the ears, face, and forelimbs
• Lesions bleed easily when touched• Splenomegaly• Lethargy
Presentation
Star
• Negative skin scraping, 3+ cocci on skin cytology, woods light negative
• FIV positive• Hyperglobulinemia• Lymphopenia
Diagnostics
• Clavamox• Itraconazole pending fungal culture• Nutritional support for the immune system• Grain-free canned diet
Recommendation
Star
• Lesions were drying up and 50% resolved• More active• Fungal culture negative
Recheck (2 weeks)
• Continue Clavamox• Continue nutritional support for the
immune system
Recommendation
Star
• Skin lesions resolved• Spleen smaller and less nodular upon
palpation
Recheck (4 weeks)
• Continue nutritional support for the immune system
Recommendation
• No lesions• Active and glossy hair coat• Spleen unchanged• Owner is thrilled!
Recheck (6 weeks)
The Gastrointestinal System
• 70% of immune system• Enterocytes• Mucosal barrier• Gut flora • Enteric nervous system
Gut Flora
Biomedical Imaging Unit, Southampton General Hospital
• detoxifies some xenobiotics
• maintains the intraluminal environment
• dialogues with the immune tissues of the gut
• stimulates bone marrow
Behavior
Enteric Support Ingredients
Canine Enteric SupportFeline Enteric Support
Systems Supported
• Digestive system• Liver• Kidneys• Immune system• Endocrine system
Canine Enteric SupportFeline Enteric Support
Indications• General enteric support• Patients with increased
metabolic demand• Hepatic patients in need of
additional enteric support as indicated by ALT, alkaline phosphatase, bile acids studies, and enteric histopathology
• Patients with immune challenges
Lexi
History
• Pancreatitis 2 years ago• “Sensitive stomach” and
infrequent soft stool• 11/27/13 – diarrhea and
one episode of vomiting, suspected URI
• 12/3/13 – suspected pneumonia
• 12/31/13 – OSU consult• 1/1/14 – whipworms
diagnosed
LexiDiagnosisLymphangectasia with concomminent mild IBD
LexiMedications• Azothioprine, Tylan
powder, low dose aspirin, Prednisone, Vit B12
Nutritional support for• the immune system• the gastrointestinal
system• essential amino acids
Progress• 2/4/14 normal protein
levels, weaning off medications, continue nutritional support
