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The Immune SystemThe Immune System
Unit 3 Transportation Systems
Structures of the Immune SystemStructures of the Immune System
Functions of the Immune SystemFunctions of the Immune System• Provide immunity to the body by protecting
against disease.
• Identify and kill pathogens and tumor cells.
• Produces white blood cells and antibodies.
• Filters out organisms that cause disease.
How does the immune system How does the immune system work?work?
How does the immune system How does the immune system work?work?
• White blood cells
• Filtration
White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells• Protect against infection and disease.
• Produced in the bone marrow and the thymus and then circulate around the body through the blood stream and lymph vessels
• Can kill pathogens and infected cells or produce antibodies – Many are produced on-demand
Lymph NodesLymph Nodes
• Filters or traps foreign particles.
• Contain white blood cells.
• Found throughout the body in the neck, armpit, chest, abdomen, elbows, groin, and knees.
TonsilsTonsils
• Lymphoid tissue located on either side of the throat.
• Destroy harmful organisms that enter the body through the mouth.
Diseases and Diseases and DisordersDisorders
• Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Lupus
• Mononucleosis
AIDSAIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• Contagious disease that compromises the immune system.
• Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).– AIDS is the final stage of the HIV infection– Average incubation period for AIDS development is 10
years from point of infection.
• Treated with drug cocktails – Can become multi drug-resistant through mutation – There is no cure
• Characterized by opportunistic infections and physical wasting – Fungal, bacterial and cancer
HIV HIV Human Immunodeficiency VirusHuman Immunodeficiency Virus
• Affects Helper T cells
• It’s a retrovirus that integrates its genes into the host DNA
• Infected cells produce additional viral particles
How AIDS & HIV Affect the BodyHow AIDS & HIV Affect the Body
LupusLupus
• Chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disorder affecting many organ systems.
• Body’s defenses are turned against itself and immune cells attack healthy tissues.
MononucleosisMononucleosis
• Also known as the kissing disease.
• Infectious inflammatory disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
• Most commonly affects young adults between the ages of 15 and 25.