The Impact of the The Impact of the EnlightenmentEnlightenment

The ArtsThe Arts Architecture and ArtArchitecture and Art Balthasar NeumanBalthasar Neuman- -

Church of 14 Saints, Church of 14 Saints, The Residence (Palace The Residence (Palace of Prince-Bishop of of Prince-Bishop of Wurzburg)Wurzburg)

BaroqueBaroque and and neoclassicalneoclassical dominated, but dominated, but RococoRococo spread in 1730’sspread in 1730’s

Rococo stressed grace, Rococo stressed grace, charm and gentle charm and gentle action. The lightness action. The lightness and charm spoke of the and charm spoke of the pursuit of pleasure, pursuit of pleasure, happiness and lovehappiness and love

MusicMusic BaroqueBaroque a. a. Johann Sebastian Johann Sebastian

BachBach- organist as well - organist as well as composer from as composer from GermanyGermany

b. b. George Frederick George Frederick HandelHandel- German but - German but lived in England best lived in England best known for Messiahknown for Messiah

Classical Classical Franz Joseph HaydnFranz Joseph Haydn- -

Preformed for Preformed for Hungarian Princes Hungarian Princes best known for best known for The The Creation Creation and and The The SeasonsSeasons

Wolfgang Amadeus Wolfgang Amadeus MozartMozart- Child prodigy - Child prodigy wrote the wrote the Marriage of Marriage of FigaroFigaro, , The Magic The Magic Flute Flute and and Don Don GiovanniGiovanni

LiteratureLiterature NovelsNovels became popular became popular

and often times and often times reflected on different reflected on different parts of English societyparts of English society

Enlightenment and Enlightenment and Enlightened Enlightened AbsolutismAbsolutism

Enlightened Enlightened AbsolutismAbsolutism- rulers tried - rulers tried to govern by to govern by enlightenment ideas enlightenment ideas while maintaining their while maintaining their royal powerroyal power

Prussia: Prussia: – Fredrick William IIFredrick William II

Doubled the size of Doubled the size of the the ArmyArmy although although one of the smaller one of the smaller countries in Europe countries in Europe had the 4th largest had the 4th largest over over France,France, Russia Russia and and AustriaAustria

Became one of the Became one of the best armies in best armies in EuropeEurope

NoblesNobles enlisted serfs enlisted serfs and became officers and became officers believed in duty believed in duty obedience and obedience and sacrificesacrifice

– Fredrick II or Fredrick II or Fredrick the GreatFredrick the Great

Enlightenment Enlightenment Monarch invited Monarch invited VoltaireVoltaire to live in to live in courtcourt

Abolished use of Abolished use of torturetorture except in except in treason and murdertreason and murder

Gave limitedGave limited freedom of freedom of speechspeech and and presspress complete complete religious tolerationreligious toleration

Kept Kept ridgedridged serfdom serfdom and social structureand social structure

Austrian EmpireAustrian Empire– Maria TheresaMaria Theresa

She was an She was an Empress, Empress, worked to worked to centralize the centralize the Austrian Austrian EmpireEmpire but but was not open was not open to to enlightenmenenlightenment ideast ideas

– Joseph IIJoseph II AbolishedAbolished serfdom, serfdom,

eliminated the death eliminated the death penalty, equality of penalty, equality of the law, religious the law, religious tolerationtoleration

His programs His programs failedfailed, , alienated Nobles, the alienated Nobles, the Catholic church, serfs Catholic church, serfs were unhappy were unhappy because they could because they could not understand the not understand the drastic changes that drastic changes that were brought uponwere brought upon

His His gravestonegravestone reads reads “Here lies Joseph II “Here lies Joseph II who was unfortunate who was unfortunate in everything that he in everything that he undertook”undertook”

Russia under Catherine Russia under Catherine the Greatthe Great

– Catherine the Great Catherine the Great Invited Invited Denis DidrotDenis Didrot to to

Russia asked to be spoken Russia asked to be spoken to “Man to Man”to “Man to Man”

ConsideredConsidered the idea of a the idea of a new law code that would new law code that would recognize the principle of recognize the principle of the equality of all people in the equality of all people in the eyes of the law, but did the eyes of the law, but did nothingnothing

Favoring Russian Favoring Russian nobilitynobility led to worse conditions for led to worse conditions for peasantspeasants

Led by an illiterate Cossack Led by an illiterate Cossack Emelyan PugachevEmelyan Pugachev spread spread across in the southern across in the southern Russia by collapsedRussia by collapsed

Rural reform was halted, Rural reform was halted, serfdom was serfdom was expandedexpanded

Russia moved Russia moved SouthwardSouthward to to the the Black SeaBlack Sea and took over and took over halfhalf of Poland of Poland

Enlightened Enlightened Absolutism?Absolutism?

War of the Austrian War of the Austrian SuccessionSuccession

1740 1740 Charles VICharles VI died died was succeeded by was succeeded by Maria TheresaMaria Theresa, , Fredrick II of Prussia Fredrick II of Prussia invaded Silesiainvaded Silesia

France entered the France entered the war against Austria war against Austria and Austria made an and Austria made an alliance with alliance with England.England.

The War of the Austrian The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Succession (1740-1748)

Prussia seized Prussia seized SilesiaSilesia; ; France occupied France occupied Austrian NetherlandsAustrian Netherlands

France took France took MadrasMadras in in India from BritishIndia from British

British captured French British captured French fortress of fortress of LouisburgLouisburg at at the entrance of St. the entrance of St. Lawrence River.Lawrence River.

Treaty of Treaty of Aix-La-Aix-La-ChapelleChapelle in 1748 in 1748 returned all occupied returned all occupied territories except territories except Silesia to original Silesia to original ownersowners

Seven Years WarSeven Years War Maria Teresa rebuilt Maria Teresa rebuilt

the army while worked the army while worked to separate Prussia to separate Prussia from from FranceFrance

New AlliesNew Allies Rivalry between Rivalry between FranceFrance

and and BritainBritain over over colonial empirescolonial empires

France abandoned France abandoned PrussiaPrussia and allied with and allied with AustriaAustria

Russia saw Russia saw PrussiaPrussia as a as a major threat joined major threat joined with Austria and Francewith Austria and France

BritainBritain allied with allied with PrussiaPrussia

The War in EuropeThe War in Europe Britain and Britain and PrussiaPrussia vs. vs.

Austria, France, and Austria, France, and RussiaRussia

Fredrick the GreatFredrick the Great from from Prussia was able for a Prussia was able for a while to defeat Austria, while to defeat Austria, France and Russian France and Russian armiesarmies

Peter IIIPeter III new Czar new Czar withdrew troops from the withdrew troops from the conflict and from Prussian conflict and from Prussian lands that Russians lands that Russians occupied.occupied.

Created a Created a stalematestalemate and and led to need for peaceled to need for peace

Ended in Ended in 17631763 all all territories were returned territories were returned to their original owners to their original owners and Austria official and Austria official recognized Prussia in recognized Prussia in permanent control of permanent control of SilesiaSilesia

The War in IndiaThe War in India French returned French returned

MadrasMadras to Britain to Britain after the War of the after the War of the Austrian SuccessionAustrian Succession

BritishBritish won out but won out but only because they only because they were more persistent were more persistent

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris 1763 1763 French withdrew and French withdrew and left Indialeft India

The War in North AmericaThe War in North America French colonies were set up as French colonies were set up as

trading posttrading post British colonies were set up as British colonies were set up as

townstowns and had more people living and had more people living therethere

Fought over the Fought over the Gulf of St. Gulf of St. Lawrence RiverLawrence River and the and the Ohio river Ohio river valleyvalley

France got the France got the IndiansIndians on their on their side because they were seen as side because they were seen as less of a less of a threatthreat

France scored a number of France scored a number of victories in the beginning but victories in the beginning but William PittWilliam Pitt said that in order to said that in order to create a create a British EmpireBritish Empire France France would have to be destroyed so would have to be destroyed so they focused their attention on they focused their attention on North AmericaNorth America

Britain Britain NavyNavy won out won out Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris transferred parts of transferred parts of

Canada, Great Lakes, and the Canada, Great Lakes, and the Ohio Valley to BritainOhio Valley to Britain

FloridaFlorida and and LouisianaLouisiana to Britain to Britain even though controlled by even though controlled by Spain Spain

1763 1763 Great BritainGreat Britain became the became the World’s greatest colonial powerWorld’s greatest colonial power