1

2

2

3

Whilst every effort is made to ensure accuracy and legality the Publisher accepts no liability or responsibility for the material published herein the views of our contributors are not necessarily the views of the Editor The Publisher further accepts no liability or responsibility for errors in content or quality that occur beyond all reasonable control of the Editor Furthermore the publisher accepts no liability or responsibility for the publicity content which in all cases remains under the ownership of the advertiser and can not be held responsible for the content or actions resulting from accessing webpages outside the control of this publication The contents of this publication are the property of the publisher and nothing may be reproduced stored in a retrival system or transmitted in any form without express permission in writing from the editor

Published by TheIndoorGrowercoukInformation infotheindoorgrowercoukAdvertising adstheindoorgrowercoukDesign amp Editing TIG DesignPhotos TIG PhotoXpressCoverFoto PhotoXpress

Our magazines are available for you FREE every two months and can be accessed and read online at your convenience with page-turning and browse features just like a real magazine but without the paper so were kind to the environment too

In addition to the look and feel of a real magazine you can instantly click on any of the highlighted items (follow link) to open up a new window whether to an interesting website or an advertisers product then when finished just close this new window and return back to the magazine at the page you were browsing

If you are interested in contributing to our magazine or would like any further information then please contact us at infotheindoorgrowercouk

4

5

6

11

14

contents16

20

22

24

30

6

In outside gardens you are at the mercy of weather and environment But in your indoor garden environmental factors such as light temperature and humidity are all within your control meaning you have more control over the final results of your garden

Outdoor gardeners are constantly worrying about the bugs and critters eating up their plants Indoor gardeners hardly have to give this a second thought

Indoor plants are also less susceptible to most of the diseases that plants in outdoor gardens are prone to This saves us time and worry

Thats right The bane of the existence of the traditional gardener doesnt bother us indoor gardeners at all Its starting to sound better and better isnt it

Plants are natural air filters They create a healthier living environment for you by filtering out toxins and chemicals in the air absorbing them and giving off pure beneficial oxygen for you to breathe

Gardening and the city

Weve long known that there are pros and cons to living in a city

Urbanites get to enjoy the glamour and fast paced lifestyle that only a city can offer while suburbanites and country folk get to enjoy more pastoral pleasures like fresh air and gardening

Thats just the way it is right You cant have your cake and eat it too

To heck with that - yes you can More and more people living in the city are deciding to bring simpler pleasures to their city lives including growing their own food Fed up with tasteless genetically modified produce and paying exorbitant prices for organic produce city gardeners are taking matters into their own hands

Balconies patios fire escapes rooftops windowsills and even indoor growing rooms are all gardening space ready to cultivate delicious home grown produce for the most Jimmy Choo-obsessed urbanites One of the least understood of all of these activities is indoor gardening So the big question is

At first glance indoor gardening seems like a last resort Those with no spare balcony patio rooftop or even window box might finally turn to their indoor home to find a place to garden However aside from it being a last ditch effort indoor gardening actually has a few advantages over gardening outdoors

7

By Becky Sheldon

8

7

By Becky Sheldon

8

8

9

Not only do indoor plants provide a more oxygen-rich environment by cleaning the air and increasing humidity studies by the American Horticultural Association have shown that spending time in therapeutic indoor gardens helps to lower blood pressure reduce stress increase a sense of peace and well being alleviate depression and even promote healing And with an indoor garden the plants surround us all of the time

These are just a few of the many advantages of indoor gardening

You can create a lush garden oasis in your home even if you livein the city

To learn more about Indoor Gardening Urban Gardening and Apartment Homesteading sign up for the FREE Mini Course Indoor Gardening Success at httpwwwContainerGardeningCentercom

Becky Sheldon is a container andindoor gardening expert and enthusiast who wants everybody to be able to growtheir own delicious food no matter where they live

Article Source httpEzineArticlescomexpert=Becky_Sheldon

Gardening and the city No you dont

have to just stick with houseplants There are many fruits and veggies that can be grown indoors An indoor vegetable garden (and some fruit) can be wonderfully rewarding Tasty organic produce doesnt have to be carted in from the countryyou can grow it in your own city home

Plants are beautiful arent they The green foliage the bold colours or delicate flowers With their wide variety of shapes and colours they are natures decoration

You can create living artwork in your home by combining plants and containers - from romantic to extravagant to subduedYou can create the combination that is right for your home And they are even more beautiful when you know they are growing delicious food for you and your loved ones to enjoy

10

11

Nowadays indoor gardening is becoming increasingly popular among many households because of its several benefits to the indoor environment Aside from making your home more aesthetically pleasing it also helps in making the environment more comfortable and serene both for your family and visitors

But how do we grow plants indoors

What are the supplies needed for creating an indoor garden

What are the important factors to consider in order for this project to become successful

By Robert M Mullen

A LED grow light is an artificial lighting system available at a wide range of light wavelength levels It works by nourishing plants with a number of red and blue diodes used for growing fruit-bearing plants herbs and vegetables without causing any side effects

Compared with traditional horticulture system this light gives you the power to nourish your plants even without using soil

It also shortens the growing period giving you a tastier and fresher result more quickly than those grown in soil

We all know that plants require essential nutrients in order to grow These may include food water and sunlight

While food and water supplies are easily accessible even if you are growing plants indoor sunlight on the other hand is relatively limited

In this case you need to find an alternative lighting system that can support the process of photosynthesis in plants

One of the best indoor lighting systems used for growing indoor plants nowadays are LED grow lights

12

12

13

Growing plants indoor is not very complicated as long as you understand the right process and provide the essential ingredients to your plants

Below are the three basic things you will need for setting up your indoor garden

Article Source httpEzineArticlescomexpert=Robert_M_Mullen

As mentioned earlier the best way to nourish your indoor plants with sufficient lighting is through the use of LED grow lights When it comes to choosing what particular type of LED light to use you need to measure your garden first and determine the required level of light wavelength Read more on this topic to find the different choices available for youAs indoor gardeners buying LED grow lights should be one of our major concerns

Find LED grow lights that were tested to provide specific light and certain wavelengths that are proven to grow larger fasterand overall healthier plants

To find the indoor plant for your particular project all you have to do is to search via the Internet Here you can find lots of different plants to choose from While searching do not forget to take note of their specific requirements This will help you determine what appropriate level of light wavelength to use

Anything that can hold the plant youve chosen will work You can use some clay pots or plastic cups depending on the requirements of your plants Whichever you decide to use you have to make sure that they are clean sterile and have good drainage to easily drain excess water away

14

By Terry Teeters

For many people spring planting is the perfect time to begin an herb garden For most herbs planting should wait until there is no more danger of frost if you plan to put the seeds directly in the ground

However if you want to grow herbs from seeds you can also start your seeds indoors a few weeks before you plan to put them outdoors and then simply transplant them after the frost danger is gone

You can plant seedlings instead of seeds whether you grow the seedlings yourself indoors before transplanting them outdoors foryour spring planting or you can purchase seedlings from a nursery

For instance purchase your seedlings from the nursery this year and after you plant them in your herb garden you can save the trays for planting your own seeds indoors next year

15

These may come in a flexible nursery bag or in a pot usually made of plastic

You may even purchase a fully prepared and planted container garden where the herbs are planted in a large container that is designed to be your herb garden

This type of garden is self contained and the plants may be a bit more expensive because the container is the garden

For more information on creating and maintaining a home herb garden please visit httpthehomeherbgardencom

Article Source httpEzineArticlescomexpert=Terry_Teeters

You can get cuttings from your friends who have herb gardens or you can take cuttings from plants that have already been established in your garden

Remember to take a new shoot that is quite vigorous and about three inches long It should not have any flower buds on it

Cut it from the stem but leave a small portion of woody stem on it Plant the end directly in the garden or in a pot Hardy herbs like Rosemary are perfect for cuttings

You can start your herbs directly in your outdoor garden or in containers

Hydroponics is a method of gardening to grow plants indoors using artificial lights and a special chemical preparation instead of actual soil

Any way you grow your herb garden you are bound to find not only great fresh herbs to add to your cooking but also a great deal of satisfaction from growing them yourself

16

By Richa Parera

Modern scientific techniques make it possible for people to grow plants vegetables and even fruit right in their drawing room in indoor gardens

With the some effort and knowledge you can now grow a variety of plants indoors either with hydroponics which is a soil less growing technique or by using suitable techniques for conventional geoponics (growing in soil)

Irrespective of the method you choose you can even make your indoor garden yield better results than a comparable conventional outdoor garden with less effort and in less time

17

For successfully using indoor gardening techniques you need to understand five essential aspects of plant growth such as lighting nutrition etc These need to be considered and properly provided for during the planning stage if you want to ensure adequate returns on the time and effort you put in The five essentials are

18

15

These may come in a flexible nursery bag or in a pot usually made of plastic

You may even purchase a fully prepared and planted container garden where the herbs are planted in a large container that is designed to be your herb garden

This type of garden is self contained and the plants may be a bit more expensive because the container is the garden

For more information on creating and maintaining a home herb garden please visit httpthehomeherbgardencom

Article Source httpEzineArticlescomexpert=Terry_Teeters

You can get cuttings from your friends who have herb gardens or you can take cuttings from plants that have already been established in your garden

Remember to take a new shoot that is quite vigorous and about three inches long It should not have any flower buds on it

Cut it from the stem but leave a small portion of woody stem on it Plant the end directly in the garden or in a pot Hardy herbs like Rosemary are perfect for cuttings

You can start your herbs directly in your outdoor garden or in containers

Hydroponics is a method of gardening to grow plants indoors using artificial lights and a special chemical preparation instead of actual soil

Any way you grow your herb garden you are bound to find not only great fresh herbs to add to your cooking but also a great deal of satisfaction from growing them yourself

16

By Richa Parera

Modern scientific techniques make it possible for people to grow plants vegetables and even fruit right in their drawing room in indoor gardens

With the some effort and knowledge you can now grow a variety of plants indoors either with hydroponics which is a soil less growing technique or by using suitable techniques for conventional geoponics (growing in soil)

Irrespective of the method you choose you can even make your indoor garden yield better results than a comparable conventional outdoor garden with less effort and in less time

17

For successfully using indoor gardening techniques you need to understand five essential aspects of plant growth such as lighting nutrition etc These need to be considered and properly provided for during the planning stage if you want to ensure adequate returns on the time and effort you put in The five essentials are

18

16

By Richa Parera

Modern scientific techniques make it possible for people to grow plants vegetables and even fruit right in their drawing room in indoor gardens

With the some effort and knowledge you can now grow a variety of plants indoors either with hydroponics which is a soil less growing technique or by using suitable techniques for conventional geoponics (growing in soil)

Irrespective of the method you choose you can even make your indoor garden yield better results than a comparable conventional outdoor garden with less effort and in less time

17

For successfully using indoor gardening techniques you need to understand five essential aspects of plant growth such as lighting nutrition etc These need to be considered and properly provided for during the planning stage if you want to ensure adequate returns on the time and effort you put in The five essentials are

18

17

For successfully using indoor gardening techniques you need to understand five essential aspects of plant growth such as lighting nutrition etc These need to be considered and properly provided for during the planning stage if you want to ensure adequate returns on the time and effort you put in The five essentials are

18

18

19

In hydroponics or soil-less gardening the plant is supplied nutrients mixed with water

With these nutrients the plant grows much faster resulting in larger yields than in conventional gardening Plants grown in soil need to be provided a container that is large enough to sustain growth

The rule of thumb is to provide for the larger of the two -one gallon of soil per foot of plant growth or one gallon per month of growth

You may need to do a little research to decide which method will best suit your preferences considering your budget the amount of time and effort you can devote etc

Providing the right nutrients at different stages of the plant life-cycle is important

During the vegetative phase plants that put out heavy vegetation need larger amounts of nitrogen

On the other hand during fruiting time they need a high phosphorous mix

An abundant supply of trace elements is vital for plant growth in indoor gardening

Select trace elements rich nutrients to meet the unique demands of plants grown in containers

In the majority of cases while gardening outdoors you dont have to consider lighting because the proper light balance and intensity for healthy growth is taken care of by the natural patterns of seasonal and diurnal changes Your plants sense and respond to these changes and grow in accordance with the natural life cycle progression

When growing indoors you need to properly design the lighting system to provide this vital input for accomplishing the same task

If you want to grow healthy indoor plants you cant afford to neglect air circulation

An adequate supply of fresh air is vital for plant growth as important plant processes depend on exchange of gases between the leaves and the atmosphere These processes will be impeded in the absence of fresh air

A continual supply of fresh air will help your plants grow strong and healthy

Provided you have got all support systems in place you can start off with seed a cutting from an existing plant or a pre-started plant

If you plan your garden keeping in mind the stage of the plant life cycle you want to start with you will be in a better position to take care of all the inputs your plants will need at different times in its life cycle Know more about hydroponic gardening

Article Source httpEzineArticlescomexpert=Richa_Parera

20

I am relatively new to hydroponics and thought I would start growing some lettuce as I understood it was quite easy to do It looked really good and healthy however it tasted a bit like plastic I have since grown another batch and it tasted the same I am using basic grow solution as I was told that was all that I needed but now wonder if I need some additives to improve the taste

Q

Check your nutrient concentration You could find it is too high for lettuceAlso you could try towards harvest using a very small amount of molasses based additives to improve the flavour This works well with chillies so your mileage may vary with lettuce as it can practically grow on plain waterIf using a recirculating hydro system beware of using this before the end result as you will need to completely clean tank and system after using any sort of molasses based liquid

A

FORUMIs it possible to get some info on growing hydroponically in a unheated garageFor lighting I was thinking of a 1000 watt MH lamp covering a relatively small area of about 16 sq ft I was looking to provide a heater just in the colder months if when the temperature drops below freezing (to keep costs to a minimum)Can I grow a nice hardy lettuce or spinach successfully under these conditions (fair amount of light not a lot of heat) If so what sort of yield could be expected assuming use of the proper nutrientsI plan on consuming the produce and giving away any surplus to friends family I understand the electric bill on 1000 watts at 16 hours a day will cost me about pound50 a month and that 1000 watts may be a little excessive

Q

I have read that HPS can provide the spectrum needed for floral growth stage better than MH so maybe you could try 600 watt HPS 12 hours on during that time The smaller light will save you moneyAlso either as an alternative to or in addition to your cold environment heating problem you could try using a submersible water heater Just place it in the water and set the desired temperature to 20 deg or so and leave it running then at least your water wouldnrsquot freeze Actually lettuce would be ok at a lower temperature than this

A

21

TOPICS

These are a selection of questions and answers from our forum which you can find hereThe answers are not representative of our views but merely an individuals opinion given freely and are not to be taken as fact or definitive in any wayIf you would like to give an opinion or solution of your own or raise a question on a similar or related topic you can do so here

After a lot of researching into growing produce at home I got some T5 lights and a grow pot system to grow my own lettuce as well as some tomatoes and aubergines Since I started my project Ive seen conflicting reviews and read some critical articles about the use and power of fluorescent lights when it comes to anything other than lettuce Are the T5 lights I bought going to be enough to take my tomatoes and aubergines through to bloomMore importantly I recently noticed some leaves turning a yellow brown colour and they seem to be getting a bit dry My ph is ok and temp about 24 to 28 degrees and my T5 light is about 5 inches from the top of the plants Any idea what the problem could be

Q

It may not be the only cause of your problem but you could try moving the lights up to about 12-18 inches from the plant and see if that helpsThe yellowing could be due to a lack of nitrogen so check nutrient levels and suitability for your particular crop

A

I am going to experiment with aeroponics in my system but from what Irsquove read Irsquom worried about blocking the tubes sprayers Where can I get a universal fit filter for my pump

Q

As filters are not readily available for different types of pump a simple solution I have used is to put a piece of stocking over the pump inlet suction

A

21

TOPICS

These are a selection of questions and answers from our forum which you can find hereThe answers are not representative of our views but merely an individuals opinion given freely and are not to be taken as fact or definitive in any wayIf you would like to give an opinion or solution of your own or raise a question on a similar or related topic you can do so here

After a lot of researching into growing produce at home I got some T5 lights and a grow pot system to grow my own lettuce as well as some tomatoes and aubergines Since I started my project Ive seen conflicting reviews and read some critical articles about the use and power of fluorescent lights when it comes to anything other than lettuce Are the T5 lights I bought going to be enough to take my tomatoes and aubergines through to bloomMore importantly I recently noticed some leaves turning a yellow brown colour and they seem to be getting a bit dry My ph is ok and temp about 24 to 28 degrees and my T5 light is about 5 inches from the top of the plants Any idea what the problem could be

Q

It may not be the only cause of your problem but you could try moving the lights up to about 12-18 inches from the plant and see if that helpsThe yellowing could be due to a lack of nitrogen so check nutrient levels and suitability for your particular crop

A

I am going to experiment with aeroponics in my system but from what Irsquove read Irsquom worried about blocking the tubes sprayers Where can I get a universal fit filter for my pump

Q

As filters are not readily available for different types of pump a simple solution I have used is to put a piece of stocking over the pump inlet suction

A

22

An Introduction To Hydroponics Gardening For Beginners

By John R Haughton

What Do Your Plants Need

All plants need the correct conditions in order to grow to their full potential Plants grown using hydroponics systems are no exception to this basic rule

Like their soil grown cousins they need sufficient light of the correct wavelengths a suitable temperature an adequate water supply enough oxygen mineral nutrients and support for their structures

Sufficient light of the correct wavelengths used by the plant at the growth stage it has reached is essential for its survival Plants use lots of light at least 8 to 12 hours each day in order to make carbohydrates from CO2 and water

Chlorophyll the green colour in plants absorbs the sunlight and uses its energy to synthesise these carbohydrates

This process is known as photosynthesis and is the basis for sustaining life in all plants Because animals and humans get their food by eating plants it can also be said to be the source of our life

Artificial lighting is generally a poor substitute for sunshine because most indoor lights provide insufficient intensity to produce a mature crop High intensity lamps such as high-pressure sodium lamps can provide more than 1000 foot-candles of light

The hydroponic gardener can use these lamps very successfully in areas where sunlight is inadequate The fixtures and lamps however are usually too expensive to be viable for a small commercial operation

It is important to allow adequate spacing between plants as this will ensure that each plant receives sufficient light in the grow-room For example tomato plants pruned to a single stem should be planted so as to give 4 square feet per plant while European seedless cucumbers should be allowed 7 to 9 square feet and seeded cucumbers about 7 square feet Lettuce plants need to be spaced 7 to 9 inches apart within the row and 9 inches between rows Most other vegetables and flowers should be grown at the same spacing as recommended for a conventional garden

23

A suitable temperature is required for the plant to grow normally Temperatures that are too high or too low will give rise to abnormal development and reduced production Summer vegetables and most flowers grow best between 60deg and 80deg F while winter vegetables like spinach and lettuce prefer temperatures of between 50deg and 70deg F

An adequate water supply is not normally a problem when using a hydroponics system since the basis of hydroponics is the supply of water containing nutrients in solution Having said this however there are some systems which can give rise to inadequate watering with the consequent detrimental results to your plants Ebb and flow systems which are not checked on a regular enough basis can run short of nutrient in their supply tanks as can continuous flow systems

Most if not all automated hydroponics systems can have disasters if they are not monitored closely A blocked or burst pipe or a pump failing can result in lack of nutrient flow which coupled with the intense lighting and the correct ambient temperature in the grow-room will result in dry roots and severe damage to or even the death of your plants

Oxygen is a basic requirement of most living things Plants need oxygen for respiration so that they can take up water and nutrient In soil systems enough oxygen is usually available but plant roots growing in water will quickly use up the supply of dissolved oxygen

(Part 2) Plant Needs

This can damage or even kill the plant unless additional air is provided A common method of aerating the nutrient is to bubble air through the solution Continuous flow and aeroponic systems do not usually need supplementary oxygen

Mineral Nutrients are needed by most green plants They must absorb certain minerals through their roots in order to survive In conventional horticulture these minerals are supplied by the soil and by the addition of fertilizers such as manure and compost Nitrogen phosphorus potassium calcium magnesium and sulphur are needed in large quantities whilst the micro-nutrients iron manganese boron zinc copper molybdenum and chlorine are also needed but only in very small amounts

Support is normally provided by the soil that surrounds the growing plant A plant grown using hydroponics however needs to be artificially supported This is usually done with string or stakes It is possible to buy inexpensive automatic string reels to support your plants as they grow This cuts out the tedious task of having to keep re-adjusting the strings on fast growing plants

A partner in a thriving retail hydroponics supply business Rickie Haughton is the owner of httpwwwhydroponics-gardening-informationcom Your First Choice For Hydroponics Gardening Information the Hydroponics-Gardening-Information website is packed with good content about all aspects of hydroponics gardening and offers a free Hydroponics Gardening Information Club membership to all subscribers

Copyright (C) 2004 2005 2006 John R Haughton - All Rights Reserved

Article Source httpEzineArticlescomexpert=John_R_Haughton

24

The Indoor Growers to - The supplying of soil and more

importantly roots with air or oxygen In some hydroponic systems a nutrient solution is aerated by the output of an aquarium pump

- The process of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate medium

- A sustainable food production system that combines a traditional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails fish crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment In the aquaculture effluents accumulate in the water increasing toxicity for the fish This water is led to a hydroponic system where the by-products from the aquaculture are filtered out by the plants as vital nutrients after which the cleansed water is recirculated back to the animals

- This is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food fuel feed fiber and reclamation Agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics plant physiology meteorology and soil science Agronomy is the application of a combination of sciences like biology chemistry economics ecology earth science and genetics

- This is basically an auxiliary piece of equipment designed to start and to properly control the flow of power to gas discharge light sources such as fluorescent and high intensity discharge lamps In metal halide systems it is composed of the transformer capacitor and connecting wiring sodium systems require an ignitor in addition to the transformer and capacitor

- Fertilizer high in phosphorus (P) that increases flower yield

- This describes a top-fed Deep Water Culture hydroponic system Basically the water is pumped from the reservoir up to the top of the roots (top feeding) The water is released over the plants roots and then runs back into the reservoir below in a constantly recirculating system As with traditional Deep Water Culture there is an airstone in the reservoir to help add oxygen to the water Both the airstone and the water pump run 24 hours a day

- An electronic device that can store electrical charge The capacitor is one of the main components of an HID lighting ballast Because they can store a very strong electrical charge capacitors can be very dangerous to someone who is unaware of this fact and opens a ballast in order to examine or repair it If one does not know how to safely discharge the stored electricity one should allow a trained technician to do any ballast repairs

(also known as coco peat or coco) - This is the leftover material after the fibres have been removed from the outermost shell of the coconut and is a 100 natural grow and flowering medium It is extremely difficult to over water coir due to its perfect air-to-water ratio and plant roots thrive in this environment

- This is a hydroponic method of plant production by means of suspending the plant roots in a solution of nutrient-rich oxygenated water Bubbleponics is a related method of plant production that involves a top-fed Deep Water Culture system A more accurate definition for the acronym DWC is Direct Water Culture Direct Water Culture can be performed in deep or shallow water

25

- A controlled system of irrigation where water is provided to the plant drip by drip in precise amounts by a system of pipes and metered valves Modern equipment with sensor technology may have their irrigation pattern computerized with the amount of water being adjusted depending on the data received from the sensors

- A very efficient watering system that employs a main hose with small water emitters Water is metered out of the emitters one drop at a time

- aka Flood amp Drain is a form of hydroponics that is known for its simplicity reliability of operation and low initial investment cost Pots are filled with an inert medium which does not function like soil or contribute nutrition to the plants but which anchors the roots and functions as a temporary reserve of water and solvent mineral nutrients The hydroponic solution alternately floods the system and is then allowed just to ebb away

- A lightweight ceramic shell rounded in shape with honeycomb core produced by firing natural clay to temperatures of 1100-1200degC in a rotating kiln With the advantage of light weight high permeability high durability and excellent thermal insulating properties expanded clay is a good all round aggregate for use in an a variety of applications and hydroponics in particular It is also an environmentally friendly product composed mostly of naturally occurring clay is not susceptible to chemical attack and has a long life span

- aka Ebb amp Flow is a form of hydroponics that is known for its simplicity reliability of operation and low initial investment cost Pots are filled with an inert medium which does not function like soil or contribute nutrition to the plants but which anchors the roots and functions as a temporary reserve of water and solvent mineral nutrients The hydroponic solution alternately floods the system and then is allowed to drain away

- this can be any product that destroys or inhibits fungus

- Any of a group (Fungi) of saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing organisms usually classified as plants that lack chlorophyll and include molds rusts mildews mushrooms and yeasts Common fungal diseases that attack plants are Botrytis and powdery mildew

- The process of causing the initiation and development of a plant from seed

- A room of any size where plants are grown under controlled conditions Plants can be grown with the use of artificial light sunlight or a combination of the two Due to the heat generated by high power lamps grow rooms will often become excessively hot relative to the temperature range ideal for plant growth often necessitating the use of a supplemental ventilation fan

26

- In lighting terms a high intensity discharge

- The science art technology and business involved in intensive plant cultivation for human use It is practiced from the individual level in a garden up to the activities of a multinational corporation It is very diverse in its activities incorporating plants for food (fruits vegetables mushrooms culinary herbs) and non-food crops (flowers trees and shrubs hops grapes medicinal herbs)

- The offspring from two plants of different breeds variety or genetic make-up

- When plants are grown in a soilless medium Plant nutrients are distributed via water

- A subset of hydroculture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in water without soil Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium such as perlite gravel mineral wool expanded clay or coconut husk

- Any chemical preparation used to repel or destroy insects usually in the form of liquid or powder

- A measure of electricity used per hour a 1000-watt HID uses one kilowatt in one hour

- In terms of lighting LED stands for Light Emitting Diode

- Plant lighting or grow lights are an artificial light source generally an electric light designed to stimulate plant growth by emitting an electromagnetic spectrum appropriate for photosynthesis Grow lights are used in applications where there is either no naturally occurring light or where supplemental light is requiredGrow lights attempt to provide a type of light spectrum similar tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated Outdoor conditions are mimicked with varying colour temperatures and spectral outputs from the grow light as well as varying the lumen output (intensity) of the lamps Depending on the type of plant being cultivated the stage of cultivation (eg the germinationvegetative phase or the floweringfruiting phase) and the photoperiod required by the plants specific ranges of spectrum luminous efficacy and colour temperature are desirable for use with specific plants and time periods

- This is an organic soil mixture of crumbly clay silt and sand

- Metallic element essential in the production of chlorophyll in plants Magnesium deficiency can stunt development so is an essential element in hydroponic nutrient solutions

- A chemical that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organisms metabolism which must be taken in from its environment They are used to build and repair tissues regulate processes and are converted to and used as energy Most plants ingest nutrients directly from the soil or modified water solutions either through their roots or from the atmosphere

The Indoor Growers to

27

- This is a hydroponic technique wherein a very shallow stream of water containing all the dissolved nutrients required for plant growth is re-circulated past the bare roots of plants in a watertight gully also known as channels In an ideal system the depth of the recirculating stream should be very shallow little more than a film of water hence the name nutrient film

- In a hydroponic system this is the mixture of water and water-soluble nutrients which is provided to the plants for nourishment

- This is a form of growing that relies on techniques such as crop rotation compost and biological pest control Organic farming uses fertilizers and pesticides but excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured (synthetic) fertilizers pesticides (which include herbicides insecticides and fungicides) plant growth regulators such as hormones livestock antibiotics food additives genetically modified organisms and human sewage sludge

- The egg of a plant found within the calyx It contains all the female genes and when fertilized an ovule will grow into a seed

- A volcanic rock that has been superheated into very lightweight expanded glass pebbles It is used loose in potting soil mixes to decrease soil density and has similar properties to vermiculite but in general holds more air and less water

- A known scale from 1 to 14 that measures the acid to alkaline balance of a growing medium (or any other substance) In general plants grow best in a pH range of 6 to 68 63 is considered ideal If the pH is not within the acceptable range nutrients may not be absorbed to maximum capacity

- Substances intended for preventing destroying repelling or mitigating any pest Crop protection products in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds diseases or insects A pesticide is generally a chemical or biological agent that through its effect deters incapacitates kills or otherwise discourages pests

- Phosphorus promotes and stimulates early growth and blooming and root growth It hastens maturity and seed growth and contributes to the general hardiness of plants Phosphorus is a macronutrient

- A process used by plants to capture the suns energy to split off waters hydrogen from oxygen Hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen All living cells in turn use fuels derived from glucose and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to release the suns energy and reform water and carbon dioxide in the process (cellular respiration)

28

- (Chemical symbol - K) It promotes disease resistance and good development of carbohydrates starches and sugars and increases fruit production Potassium is a macronutrient

- A mineral wool and one of the most widely used mediums in hydroponics An inert substrate suitable for both run to waste and recirculating systems it is made from molten rock basalt or slag that is spun into bundles of single filament fibres and bonded into a medium capable of capillary action and is in effect protected from most common microbiological degradation

- Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are considered to be the secondary nutrients

(HPS) - High-pressure sodium lights yield yellow lighting (2200 K) and are often used for the second (or reproductive) phase of the growthIf used for the vegetative phase plants will usually grow slightly more quickly and tend to be taller and leggier High-pressure sodium lights enhance fruiting and flowering in plants which use the orangered spectrum in their reproductive processes which produces larger harvests of higher quality herbs vegetables fruits or flowers

The Indoor Growers to

23

A suitable temperature is required for the plant to grow normally Temperatures that are too high or too low will give rise to abnormal development and reduced production Summer vegetables and most flowers grow best between 60deg and 80deg F while winter vegetables like spinach and lettuce prefer temperatures of between 50deg and 70deg F

An adequate water supply is not normally a problem when using a hydroponics system since the basis of hydroponics is the supply of water containing nutrients in solution Having said this however there are some systems which can give rise to inadequate watering with the consequent detrimental results to your plants Ebb and flow systems which are not checked on a regular enough basis can run short of nutrient in their supply tanks as can continuous flow systems

Most if not all automated hydroponics systems can have disasters if they are not monitored closely A blocked or burst pipe or a pump failing can result in lack of nutrient flow which coupled with the intense lighting and the correct ambient temperature in the grow-room will result in dry roots and severe damage to or even the death of your plants

Oxygen is a basic requirement of most living things Plants need oxygen for respiration so that they can take up water and nutrient In soil systems enough oxygen is usually available but plant roots growing in water will quickly use up the supply of dissolved oxygen

(Part 2) Plant Needs

This can damage or even kill the plant unless additional air is provided A common method of aerating the nutrient is to bubble air through the solution Continuous flow and aeroponic systems do not usually need supplementary oxygen

Mineral Nutrients are needed by most green plants They must absorb certain minerals through their roots in order to survive In conventional horticulture these minerals are supplied by the soil and by the addition of fertilizers such as manure and compost Nitrogen phosphorus potassium calcium magnesium and sulphur are needed in large quantities whilst the micro-nutrients iron manganese boron zinc copper molybdenum and chlorine are also needed but only in very small amounts

Support is normally provided by the soil that surrounds the growing plant A plant grown using hydroponics however needs to be artificially supported This is usually done with string or stakes It is possible to buy inexpensive automatic string reels to support your plants as they grow This cuts out the tedious task of having to keep re-adjusting the strings on fast growing plants

A partner in a thriving retail hydroponics supply business Rickie Haughton is the owner of httpwwwhydroponics-gardening-informationcom Your First Choice For Hydroponics Gardening Information the Hydroponics-Gardening-Information website is packed with good content about all aspects of hydroponics gardening and offers a free Hydroponics Gardening Information Club membership to all subscribers

Copyright (C) 2004 2005 2006 John R Haughton - All Rights Reserved

Article Source httpEzineArticlescomexpert=John_R_Haughton

24

The Indoor Growers to - The supplying of soil and more

importantly roots with air or oxygen In some hydroponic systems a nutrient solution is aerated by the output of an aquarium pump

- The process of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate medium

- A sustainable food production system that combines a traditional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails fish crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment In the aquaculture effluents accumulate in the water increasing toxicity for the fish This water is led to a hydroponic system where the by-products from the aquaculture are filtered out by the plants as vital nutrients after which the cleansed water is recirculated back to the animals

- This is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food fuel feed fiber and reclamation Agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics plant physiology meteorology and soil science Agronomy is the application of a combination of sciences like biology chemistry economics ecology earth science and genetics

- This is basically an auxiliary piece of equipment designed to start and to properly control the flow of power to gas discharge light sources such as fluorescent and high intensity discharge lamps In metal halide systems it is composed of the transformer capacitor and connecting wiring sodium systems require an ignitor in addition to the transformer and capacitor

- Fertilizer high in phosphorus (P) that increases flower yield

- This describes a top-fed Deep Water Culture hydroponic system Basically the water is pumped from the reservoir up to the top of the roots (top feeding) The water is released over the plants roots and then runs back into the reservoir below in a constantly recirculating system As with traditional Deep Water Culture there is an airstone in the reservoir to help add oxygen to the water Both the airstone and the water pump run 24 hours a day

- An electronic device that can store electrical charge The capacitor is one of the main components of an HID lighting ballast Because they can store a very strong electrical charge capacitors can be very dangerous to someone who is unaware of this fact and opens a ballast in order to examine or repair it If one does not know how to safely discharge the stored electricity one should allow a trained technician to do any ballast repairs

(also known as coco peat or coco) - This is the leftover material after the fibres have been removed from the outermost shell of the coconut and is a 100 natural grow and flowering medium It is extremely difficult to over water coir due to its perfect air-to-water ratio and plant roots thrive in this environment

- This is a hydroponic method of plant production by means of suspending the plant roots in a solution of nutrient-rich oxygenated water Bubbleponics is a related method of plant production that involves a top-fed Deep Water Culture system A more accurate definition for the acronym DWC is Direct Water Culture Direct Water Culture can be performed in deep or shallow water

25

- A controlled system of irrigation where water is provided to the plant drip by drip in precise amounts by a system of pipes and metered valves Modern equipment with sensor technology may have their irrigation pattern computerized with the amount of water being adjusted depending on the data received from the sensors

- A very efficient watering system that employs a main hose with small water emitters Water is metered out of the emitters one drop at a time

- aka Flood amp Drain is a form of hydroponics that is known for its simplicity reliability of operation and low initial investment cost Pots are filled with an inert medium which does not function like soil or contribute nutrition to the plants but which anchors the roots and functions as a temporary reserve of water and solvent mineral nutrients The hydroponic solution alternately floods the system and is then allowed just to ebb away

- A lightweight ceramic shell rounded in shape with honeycomb core produced by firing natural clay to temperatures of 1100-1200degC in a rotating kiln With the advantage of light weight high permeability high durability and excellent thermal insulating properties expanded clay is a good all round aggregate for use in an a variety of applications and hydroponics in particular It is also an environmentally friendly product composed mostly of naturally occurring clay is not susceptible to chemical attack and has a long life span

- aka Ebb amp Flow is a form of hydroponics that is known for its simplicity reliability of operation and low initial investment cost Pots are filled with an inert medium which does not function like soil or contribute nutrition to the plants but which anchors the roots and functions as a temporary reserve of water and solvent mineral nutrients The hydroponic solution alternately floods the system and then is allowed to drain away

- this can be any product that destroys or inhibits fungus

- Any of a group (Fungi) of saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing organisms usually classified as plants that lack chlorophyll and include molds rusts mildews mushrooms and yeasts Common fungal diseases that attack plants are Botrytis and powdery mildew

- The process of causing the initiation and development of a plant from seed

- A room of any size where plants are grown under controlled conditions Plants can be grown with the use of artificial light sunlight or a combination of the two Due to the heat generated by high power lamps grow rooms will often become excessively hot relative to the temperature range ideal for plant growth often necessitating the use of a supplemental ventilation fan

26

- In lighting terms a high intensity discharge

- The science art technology and business involved in intensive plant cultivation for human use It is practiced from the individual level in a garden up to the activities of a multinational corporation It is very diverse in its activities incorporating plants for food (fruits vegetables mushrooms culinary herbs) and non-food crops (flowers trees and shrubs hops grapes medicinal herbs)

- The offspring from two plants of different breeds variety or genetic make-up

- When plants are grown in a soilless medium Plant nutrients are distributed via water

- A subset of hydroculture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in water without soil Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium such as perlite gravel mineral wool expanded clay or coconut husk

- Any chemical preparation used to repel or destroy insects usually in the form of liquid or powder

- A measure of electricity used per hour a 1000-watt HID uses one kilowatt in one hour

- In terms of lighting LED stands for Light Emitting Diode

- Plant lighting or grow lights are an artificial light source generally an electric light designed to stimulate plant growth by emitting an electromagnetic spectrum appropriate for photosynthesis Grow lights are used in applications where there is either no naturally occurring light or where supplemental light is requiredGrow lights attempt to provide a type of light spectrum similar tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated Outdoor conditions are mimicked with varying colour temperatures and spectral outputs from the grow light as well as varying the lumen output (intensity) of the lamps Depending on the type of plant being cultivated the stage of cultivation (eg the germinationvegetative phase or the floweringfruiting phase) and the photoperiod required by the plants specific ranges of spectrum luminous efficacy and colour temperature are desirable for use with specific plants and time periods

- This is an organic soil mixture of crumbly clay silt and sand

- Metallic element essential in the production of chlorophyll in plants Magnesium deficiency can stunt development so is an essential element in hydroponic nutrient solutions

- A chemical that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organisms metabolism which must be taken in from its environment They are used to build and repair tissues regulate processes and are converted to and used as energy Most plants ingest nutrients directly from the soil or modified water solutions either through their roots or from the atmosphere

The Indoor Growers to

27

- This is a hydroponic technique wherein a very shallow stream of water containing all the dissolved nutrients required for plant growth is re-circulated past the bare roots of plants in a watertight gully also known as channels In an ideal system the depth of the recirculating stream should be very shallow little more than a film of water hence the name nutrient film

- In a hydroponic system this is the mixture of water and water-soluble nutrients which is provided to the plants for nourishment

- This is a form of growing that relies on techniques such as crop rotation compost and biological pest control Organic farming uses fertilizers and pesticides but excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured (synthetic) fertilizers pesticides (which include herbicides insecticides and fungicides) plant growth regulators such as hormones livestock antibiotics food additives genetically modified organisms and human sewage sludge

- The egg of a plant found within the calyx It contains all the female genes and when fertilized an ovule will grow into a seed

- A volcanic rock that has been superheated into very lightweight expanded glass pebbles It is used loose in potting soil mixes to decrease soil density and has similar properties to vermiculite but in general holds more air and less water

- A known scale from 1 to 14 that measures the acid to alkaline balance of a growing medium (or any other substance) In general plants grow best in a pH range of 6 to 68 63 is considered ideal If the pH is not within the acceptable range nutrients may not be absorbed to maximum capacity

- Substances intended for preventing destroying repelling or mitigating any pest Crop protection products in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds diseases or insects A pesticide is generally a chemical or biological agent that through its effect deters incapacitates kills or otherwise discourages pests

- Phosphorus promotes and stimulates early growth and blooming and root growth It hastens maturity and seed growth and contributes to the general hardiness of plants Phosphorus is a macronutrient

- A process used by plants to capture the suns energy to split off waters hydrogen from oxygen Hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen All living cells in turn use fuels derived from glucose and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to release the suns energy and reform water and carbon dioxide in the process (cellular respiration)

28

- (Chemical symbol - K) It promotes disease resistance and good development of carbohydrates starches and sugars and increases fruit production Potassium is a macronutrient

- A mineral wool and one of the most widely used mediums in hydroponics An inert substrate suitable for both run to waste and recirculating systems it is made from molten rock basalt or slag that is spun into bundles of single filament fibres and bonded into a medium capable of capillary action and is in effect protected from most common microbiological degradation

- Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are considered to be the secondary nutrients

(HPS) - High-pressure sodium lights yield yellow lighting (2200 K) and are often used for the second (or reproductive) phase of the growthIf used for the vegetative phase plants will usually grow slightly more quickly and tend to be taller and leggier High-pressure sodium lights enhance fruiting and flowering in plants which use the orangered spectrum in their reproductive processes which produces larger harvests of higher quality herbs vegetables fruits or flowers

The Indoor Growers to

24

The Indoor Growers to - The supplying of soil and more

importantly roots with air or oxygen In some hydroponic systems a nutrient solution is aerated by the output of an aquarium pump

- The process of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate medium

- A sustainable food production system that combines a traditional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails fish crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment In the aquaculture effluents accumulate in the water increasing toxicity for the fish This water is led to a hydroponic system where the by-products from the aquaculture are filtered out by the plants as vital nutrients after which the cleansed water is recirculated back to the animals

- This is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food fuel feed fiber and reclamation Agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics plant physiology meteorology and soil science Agronomy is the application of a combination of sciences like biology chemistry economics ecology earth science and genetics

- This is basically an auxiliary piece of equipment designed to start and to properly control the flow of power to gas discharge light sources such as fluorescent and high intensity discharge lamps In metal halide systems it is composed of the transformer capacitor and connecting wiring sodium systems require an ignitor in addition to the transformer and capacitor

- Fertilizer high in phosphorus (P) that increases flower yield

- This describes a top-fed Deep Water Culture hydroponic system Basically the water is pumped from the reservoir up to the top of the roots (top feeding) The water is released over the plants roots and then runs back into the reservoir below in a constantly recirculating system As with traditional Deep Water Culture there is an airstone in the reservoir to help add oxygen to the water Both the airstone and the water pump run 24 hours a day

- An electronic device that can store electrical charge The capacitor is one of the main components of an HID lighting ballast Because they can store a very strong electrical charge capacitors can be very dangerous to someone who is unaware of this fact and opens a ballast in order to examine or repair it If one does not know how to safely discharge the stored electricity one should allow a trained technician to do any ballast repairs

(also known as coco peat or coco) - This is the leftover material after the fibres have been removed from the outermost shell of the coconut and is a 100 natural grow and flowering medium It is extremely difficult to over water coir due to its perfect air-to-water ratio and plant roots thrive in this environment

- This is a hydroponic method of plant production by means of suspending the plant roots in a solution of nutrient-rich oxygenated water Bubbleponics is a related method of plant production that involves a top-fed Deep Water Culture system A more accurate definition for the acronym DWC is Direct Water Culture Direct Water Culture can be performed in deep or shallow water

25

- A controlled system of irrigation where water is provided to the plant drip by drip in precise amounts by a system of pipes and metered valves Modern equipment with sensor technology may have their irrigation pattern computerized with the amount of water being adjusted depending on the data received from the sensors

- A very efficient watering system that employs a main hose with small water emitters Water is metered out of the emitters one drop at a time

- aka Flood amp Drain is a form of hydroponics that is known for its simplicity reliability of operation and low initial investment cost Pots are filled with an inert medium which does not function like soil or contribute nutrition to the plants but which anchors the roots and functions as a temporary reserve of water and solvent mineral nutrients The hydroponic solution alternately floods the system and is then allowed just to ebb away

- A lightweight ceramic shell rounded in shape with honeycomb core produced by firing natural clay to temperatures of 1100-1200degC in a rotating kiln With the advantage of light weight high permeability high durability and excellent thermal insulating properties expanded clay is a good all round aggregate for use in an a variety of applications and hydroponics in particular It is also an environmentally friendly product composed mostly of naturally occurring clay is not susceptible to chemical attack and has a long life span

- aka Ebb amp Flow is a form of hydroponics that is known for its simplicity reliability of operation and low initial investment cost Pots are filled with an inert medium which does not function like soil or contribute nutrition to the plants but which anchors the roots and functions as a temporary reserve of water and solvent mineral nutrients The hydroponic solution alternately floods the system and then is allowed to drain away

- this can be any product that destroys or inhibits fungus

- Any of a group (Fungi) of saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing organisms usually classified as plants that lack chlorophyll and include molds rusts mildews mushrooms and yeasts Common fungal diseases that attack plants are Botrytis and powdery mildew

- The process of causing the initiation and development of a plant from seed

- A room of any size where plants are grown under controlled conditions Plants can be grown with the use of artificial light sunlight or a combination of the two Due to the heat generated by high power lamps grow rooms will often become excessively hot relative to the temperature range ideal for plant growth often necessitating the use of a supplemental ventilation fan

26

- In lighting terms a high intensity discharge

- The science art technology and business involved in intensive plant cultivation for human use It is practiced from the individual level in a garden up to the activities of a multinational corporation It is very diverse in its activities incorporating plants for food (fruits vegetables mushrooms culinary herbs) and non-food crops (flowers trees and shrubs hops grapes medicinal herbs)

- The offspring from two plants of different breeds variety or genetic make-up

- When plants are grown in a soilless medium Plant nutrients are distributed via water

- A subset of hydroculture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in water without soil Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium such as perlite gravel mineral wool expanded clay or coconut husk

- Any chemical preparation used to repel or destroy insects usually in the form of liquid or powder

- A measure of electricity used per hour a 1000-watt HID uses one kilowatt in one hour

- In terms of lighting LED stands for Light Emitting Diode

- Plant lighting or grow lights are an artificial light source generally an electric light designed to stimulate plant growth by emitting an electromagnetic spectrum appropriate for photosynthesis Grow lights are used in applications where there is either no naturally occurring light or where supplemental light is requiredGrow lights attempt to provide a type of light spectrum similar tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated Outdoor conditions are mimicked with varying colour temperatures and spectral outputs from the grow light as well as varying the lumen output (intensity) of the lamps Depending on the type of plant being cultivated the stage of cultivation (eg the germinationvegetative phase or the floweringfruiting phase) and the photoperiod required by the plants specific ranges of spectrum luminous efficacy and colour temperature are desirable for use with specific plants and time periods

- This is an organic soil mixture of crumbly clay silt and sand

- Metallic element essential in the production of chlorophyll in plants Magnesium deficiency can stunt development so is an essential element in hydroponic nutrient solutions

- A chemical that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organisms metabolism which must be taken in from its environment They are used to build and repair tissues regulate processes and are converted to and used as energy Most plants ingest nutrients directly from the soil or modified water solutions either through their roots or from the atmosphere

The Indoor Growers to

27

- This is a hydroponic technique wherein a very shallow stream of water containing all the dissolved nutrients required for plant growth is re-circulated past the bare roots of plants in a watertight gully also known as channels In an ideal system the depth of the recirculating stream should be very shallow little more than a film of water hence the name nutrient film

- In a hydroponic system this is the mixture of water and water-soluble nutrients which is provided to the plants for nourishment

- This is a form of growing that relies on techniques such as crop rotation compost and biological pest control Organic farming uses fertilizers and pesticides but excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured (synthetic) fertilizers pesticides (which include herbicides insecticides and fungicides) plant growth regulators such as hormones livestock antibiotics food additives genetically modified organisms and human sewage sludge

- The egg of a plant found within the calyx It contains all the female genes and when fertilized an ovule will grow into a seed

- A volcanic rock that has been superheated into very lightweight expanded glass pebbles It is used loose in potting soil mixes to decrease soil density and has similar properties to vermiculite but in general holds more air and less water

- A known scale from 1 to 14 that measures the acid to alkaline balance of a growing medium (or any other substance) In general plants grow best in a pH range of 6 to 68 63 is considered ideal If the pH is not within the acceptable range nutrients may not be absorbed to maximum capacity

- Substances intended for preventing destroying repelling or mitigating any pest Crop protection products in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds diseases or insects A pesticide is generally a chemical or biological agent that through its effect deters incapacitates kills or otherwise discourages pests

- Phosphorus promotes and stimulates early growth and blooming and root growth It hastens maturity and seed growth and contributes to the general hardiness of plants Phosphorus is a macronutrient

- A process used by plants to capture the suns energy to split off waters hydrogen from oxygen Hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen All living cells in turn use fuels derived from glucose and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to release the suns energy and reform water and carbon dioxide in the process (cellular respiration)

28

- (Chemical symbol - K) It promotes disease resistance and good development of carbohydrates starches and sugars and increases fruit production Potassium is a macronutrient

- A mineral wool and one of the most widely used mediums in hydroponics An inert substrate suitable for both run to waste and recirculating systems it is made from molten rock basalt or slag that is spun into bundles of single filament fibres and bonded into a medium capable of capillary action and is in effect protected from most common microbiological degradation

- Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are considered to be the secondary nutrients

(HPS) - High-pressure sodium lights yield yellow lighting (2200 K) and are often used for the second (or reproductive) phase of the growthIf used for the vegetative phase plants will usually grow slightly more quickly and tend to be taller and leggier High-pressure sodium lights enhance fruiting and flowering in plants which use the orangered spectrum in their reproductive processes which produces larger harvests of higher quality herbs vegetables fruits or flowers

The Indoor Growers to

25

- A controlled system of irrigation where water is provided to the plant drip by drip in precise amounts by a system of pipes and metered valves Modern equipment with sensor technology may have their irrigation pattern computerized with the amount of water being adjusted depending on the data received from the sensors

- A very efficient watering system that employs a main hose with small water emitters Water is metered out of the emitters one drop at a time

- aka Flood amp Drain is a form of hydroponics that is known for its simplicity reliability of operation and low initial investment cost Pots are filled with an inert medium which does not function like soil or contribute nutrition to the plants but which anchors the roots and functions as a temporary reserve of water and solvent mineral nutrients The hydroponic solution alternately floods the system and is then allowed just to ebb away

- A lightweight ceramic shell rounded in shape with honeycomb core produced by firing natural clay to temperatures of 1100-1200degC in a rotating kiln With the advantage of light weight high permeability high durability and excellent thermal insulating properties expanded clay is a good all round aggregate for use in an a variety of applications and hydroponics in particular It is also an environmentally friendly product composed mostly of naturally occurring clay is not susceptible to chemical attack and has a long life span

- aka Ebb amp Flow is a form of hydroponics that is known for its simplicity reliability of operation and low initial investment cost Pots are filled with an inert medium which does not function like soil or contribute nutrition to the plants but which anchors the roots and functions as a temporary reserve of water and solvent mineral nutrients The hydroponic solution alternately floods the system and then is allowed to drain away

- this can be any product that destroys or inhibits fungus

- Any of a group (Fungi) of saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing organisms usually classified as plants that lack chlorophyll and include molds rusts mildews mushrooms and yeasts Common fungal diseases that attack plants are Botrytis and powdery mildew

- The process of causing the initiation and development of a plant from seed

- A room of any size where plants are grown under controlled conditions Plants can be grown with the use of artificial light sunlight or a combination of the two Due to the heat generated by high power lamps grow rooms will often become excessively hot relative to the temperature range ideal for plant growth often necessitating the use of a supplemental ventilation fan

26

- In lighting terms a high intensity discharge

- The science art technology and business involved in intensive plant cultivation for human use It is practiced from the individual level in a garden up to the activities of a multinational corporation It is very diverse in its activities incorporating plants for food (fruits vegetables mushrooms culinary herbs) and non-food crops (flowers trees and shrubs hops grapes medicinal herbs)

- The offspring from two plants of different breeds variety or genetic make-up

- When plants are grown in a soilless medium Plant nutrients are distributed via water

- A subset of hydroculture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in water without soil Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium such as perlite gravel mineral wool expanded clay or coconut husk

- Any chemical preparation used to repel or destroy insects usually in the form of liquid or powder

- A measure of electricity used per hour a 1000-watt HID uses one kilowatt in one hour

- In terms of lighting LED stands for Light Emitting Diode

- Plant lighting or grow lights are an artificial light source generally an electric light designed to stimulate plant growth by emitting an electromagnetic spectrum appropriate for photosynthesis Grow lights are used in applications where there is either no naturally occurring light or where supplemental light is requiredGrow lights attempt to provide a type of light spectrum similar tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated Outdoor conditions are mimicked with varying colour temperatures and spectral outputs from the grow light as well as varying the lumen output (intensity) of the lamps Depending on the type of plant being cultivated the stage of cultivation (eg the germinationvegetative phase or the floweringfruiting phase) and the photoperiod required by the plants specific ranges of spectrum luminous efficacy and colour temperature are desirable for use with specific plants and time periods

- This is an organic soil mixture of crumbly clay silt and sand

- Metallic element essential in the production of chlorophyll in plants Magnesium deficiency can stunt development so is an essential element in hydroponic nutrient solutions

- A chemical that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organisms metabolism which must be taken in from its environment They are used to build and repair tissues regulate processes and are converted to and used as energy Most plants ingest nutrients directly from the soil or modified water solutions either through their roots or from the atmosphere

The Indoor Growers to

27

- This is a hydroponic technique wherein a very shallow stream of water containing all the dissolved nutrients required for plant growth is re-circulated past the bare roots of plants in a watertight gully also known as channels In an ideal system the depth of the recirculating stream should be very shallow little more than a film of water hence the name nutrient film

- In a hydroponic system this is the mixture of water and water-soluble nutrients which is provided to the plants for nourishment

- This is a form of growing that relies on techniques such as crop rotation compost and biological pest control Organic farming uses fertilizers and pesticides but excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured (synthetic) fertilizers pesticides (which include herbicides insecticides and fungicides) plant growth regulators such as hormones livestock antibiotics food additives genetically modified organisms and human sewage sludge

- The egg of a plant found within the calyx It contains all the female genes and when fertilized an ovule will grow into a seed

- A volcanic rock that has been superheated into very lightweight expanded glass pebbles It is used loose in potting soil mixes to decrease soil density and has similar properties to vermiculite but in general holds more air and less water

- A known scale from 1 to 14 that measures the acid to alkaline balance of a growing medium (or any other substance) In general plants grow best in a pH range of 6 to 68 63 is considered ideal If the pH is not within the acceptable range nutrients may not be absorbed to maximum capacity

- Substances intended for preventing destroying repelling or mitigating any pest Crop protection products in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds diseases or insects A pesticide is generally a chemical or biological agent that through its effect deters incapacitates kills or otherwise discourages pests

- Phosphorus promotes and stimulates early growth and blooming and root growth It hastens maturity and seed growth and contributes to the general hardiness of plants Phosphorus is a macronutrient

- A process used by plants to capture the suns energy to split off waters hydrogen from oxygen Hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen All living cells in turn use fuels derived from glucose and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to release the suns energy and reform water and carbon dioxide in the process (cellular respiration)

28

- (Chemical symbol - K) It promotes disease resistance and good development of carbohydrates starches and sugars and increases fruit production Potassium is a macronutrient

- A mineral wool and one of the most widely used mediums in hydroponics An inert substrate suitable for both run to waste and recirculating systems it is made from molten rock basalt or slag that is spun into bundles of single filament fibres and bonded into a medium capable of capillary action and is in effect protected from most common microbiological degradation

- Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are considered to be the secondary nutrients

(HPS) - High-pressure sodium lights yield yellow lighting (2200 K) and are often used for the second (or reproductive) phase of the growthIf used for the vegetative phase plants will usually grow slightly more quickly and tend to be taller and leggier High-pressure sodium lights enhance fruiting and flowering in plants which use the orangered spectrum in their reproductive processes which produces larger harvests of higher quality herbs vegetables fruits or flowers

The Indoor Growers to

26

- In lighting terms a high intensity discharge

- The science art technology and business involved in intensive plant cultivation for human use It is practiced from the individual level in a garden up to the activities of a multinational corporation It is very diverse in its activities incorporating plants for food (fruits vegetables mushrooms culinary herbs) and non-food crops (flowers trees and shrubs hops grapes medicinal herbs)

- The offspring from two plants of different breeds variety or genetic make-up

- When plants are grown in a soilless medium Plant nutrients are distributed via water

- A subset of hydroculture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in water without soil Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium such as perlite gravel mineral wool expanded clay or coconut husk

- Any chemical preparation used to repel or destroy insects usually in the form of liquid or powder

- A measure of electricity used per hour a 1000-watt HID uses one kilowatt in one hour

- In terms of lighting LED stands for Light Emitting Diode

- Plant lighting or grow lights are an artificial light source generally an electric light designed to stimulate plant growth by emitting an electromagnetic spectrum appropriate for photosynthesis Grow lights are used in applications where there is either no naturally occurring light or where supplemental light is requiredGrow lights attempt to provide a type of light spectrum similar tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated Outdoor conditions are mimicked with varying colour temperatures and spectral outputs from the grow light as well as varying the lumen output (intensity) of the lamps Depending on the type of plant being cultivated the stage of cultivation (eg the germinationvegetative phase or the floweringfruiting phase) and the photoperiod required by the plants specific ranges of spectrum luminous efficacy and colour temperature are desirable for use with specific plants and time periods

- This is an organic soil mixture of crumbly clay silt and sand

- Metallic element essential in the production of chlorophyll in plants Magnesium deficiency can stunt development so is an essential element in hydroponic nutrient solutions

- A chemical that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organisms metabolism which must be taken in from its environment They are used to build and repair tissues regulate processes and are converted to and used as energy Most plants ingest nutrients directly from the soil or modified water solutions either through their roots or from the atmosphere

The Indoor Growers to

27

- This is a hydroponic technique wherein a very shallow stream of water containing all the dissolved nutrients required for plant growth is re-circulated past the bare roots of plants in a watertight gully also known as channels In an ideal system the depth of the recirculating stream should be very shallow little more than a film of water hence the name nutrient film

- In a hydroponic system this is the mixture of water and water-soluble nutrients which is provided to the plants for nourishment

- This is a form of growing that relies on techniques such as crop rotation compost and biological pest control Organic farming uses fertilizers and pesticides but excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured (synthetic) fertilizers pesticides (which include herbicides insecticides and fungicides) plant growth regulators such as hormones livestock antibiotics food additives genetically modified organisms and human sewage sludge

- The egg of a plant found within the calyx It contains all the female genes and when fertilized an ovule will grow into a seed

- A volcanic rock that has been superheated into very lightweight expanded glass pebbles It is used loose in potting soil mixes to decrease soil density and has similar properties to vermiculite but in general holds more air and less water

- A known scale from 1 to 14 that measures the acid to alkaline balance of a growing medium (or any other substance) In general plants grow best in a pH range of 6 to 68 63 is considered ideal If the pH is not within the acceptable range nutrients may not be absorbed to maximum capacity

- Substances intended for preventing destroying repelling or mitigating any pest Crop protection products in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds diseases or insects A pesticide is generally a chemical or biological agent that through its effect deters incapacitates kills or otherwise discourages pests

- Phosphorus promotes and stimulates early growth and blooming and root growth It hastens maturity and seed growth and contributes to the general hardiness of plants Phosphorus is a macronutrient

- A process used by plants to capture the suns energy to split off waters hydrogen from oxygen Hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen All living cells in turn use fuels derived from glucose and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to release the suns energy and reform water and carbon dioxide in the process (cellular respiration)

28

- (Chemical symbol - K) It promotes disease resistance and good development of carbohydrates starches and sugars and increases fruit production Potassium is a macronutrient

- A mineral wool and one of the most widely used mediums in hydroponics An inert substrate suitable for both run to waste and recirculating systems it is made from molten rock basalt or slag that is spun into bundles of single filament fibres and bonded into a medium capable of capillary action and is in effect protected from most common microbiological degradation

- Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are considered to be the secondary nutrients

(HPS) - High-pressure sodium lights yield yellow lighting (2200 K) and are often used for the second (or reproductive) phase of the growthIf used for the vegetative phase plants will usually grow slightly more quickly and tend to be taller and leggier High-pressure sodium lights enhance fruiting and flowering in plants which use the orangered spectrum in their reproductive processes which produces larger harvests of higher quality herbs vegetables fruits or flowers

The Indoor Growers to

27

- This is a hydroponic technique wherein a very shallow stream of water containing all the dissolved nutrients required for plant growth is re-circulated past the bare roots of plants in a watertight gully also known as channels In an ideal system the depth of the recirculating stream should be very shallow little more than a film of water hence the name nutrient film

- In a hydroponic system this is the mixture of water and water-soluble nutrients which is provided to the plants for nourishment

- This is a form of growing that relies on techniques such as crop rotation compost and biological pest control Organic farming uses fertilizers and pesticides but excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured (synthetic) fertilizers pesticides (which include herbicides insecticides and fungicides) plant growth regulators such as hormones livestock antibiotics food additives genetically modified organisms and human sewage sludge

- The egg of a plant found within the calyx It contains all the female genes and when fertilized an ovule will grow into a seed

- A volcanic rock that has been superheated into very lightweight expanded glass pebbles It is used loose in potting soil mixes to decrease soil density and has similar properties to vermiculite but in general holds more air and less water

- A known scale from 1 to 14 that measures the acid to alkaline balance of a growing medium (or any other substance) In general plants grow best in a pH range of 6 to 68 63 is considered ideal If the pH is not within the acceptable range nutrients may not be absorbed to maximum capacity

- Substances intended for preventing destroying repelling or mitigating any pest Crop protection products in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds diseases or insects A pesticide is generally a chemical or biological agent that through its effect deters incapacitates kills or otherwise discourages pests

- Phosphorus promotes and stimulates early growth and blooming and root growth It hastens maturity and seed growth and contributes to the general hardiness of plants Phosphorus is a macronutrient

- A process used by plants to capture the suns energy to split off waters hydrogen from oxygen Hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen All living cells in turn use fuels derived from glucose and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to release the suns energy and reform water and carbon dioxide in the process (cellular respiration)

28

- (Chemical symbol - K) It promotes disease resistance and good development of carbohydrates starches and sugars and increases fruit production Potassium is a macronutrient

- A mineral wool and one of the most widely used mediums in hydroponics An inert substrate suitable for both run to waste and recirculating systems it is made from molten rock basalt or slag that is spun into bundles of single filament fibres and bonded into a medium capable of capillary action and is in effect protected from most common microbiological degradation

- Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are considered to be the secondary nutrients

(HPS) - High-pressure sodium lights yield yellow lighting (2200 K) and are often used for the second (or reproductive) phase of the growthIf used for the vegetative phase plants will usually grow slightly more quickly and tend to be taller and leggier High-pressure sodium lights enhance fruiting and flowering in plants which use the orangered spectrum in their reproductive processes which produces larger harvests of higher quality herbs vegetables fruits or flowers

The Indoor Growers to

28

- (Chemical symbol - K) It promotes disease resistance and good development of carbohydrates starches and sugars and increases fruit production Potassium is a macronutrient

- A mineral wool and one of the most widely used mediums in hydroponics An inert substrate suitable for both run to waste and recirculating systems it is made from molten rock basalt or slag that is spun into bundles of single filament fibres and bonded into a medium capable of capillary action and is in effect protected from most common microbiological degradation

- Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are considered to be the secondary nutrients

(HPS) - High-pressure sodium lights yield yellow lighting (2200 K) and are often used for the second (or reproductive) phase of the growthIf used for the vegetative phase plants will usually grow slightly more quickly and tend to be taller and leggier High-pressure sodium lights enhance fruiting and flowering in plants which use the orangered spectrum in their reproductive processes which produces larger harvests of higher quality herbs vegetables fruits or flowers

The Indoor Growers to

29

- A compound that reduces the droplet size and lowers the surface tension of the water making it wetter

- A sap-sucking insect of the family Aleyrodidae A particular pest of the greenhouse and indoor garden whitefly can be very destructive

- Part of a passive hydroponic system using a wick suspended in the nutrient solution the nutrients pass up the wick and are absorbed by the medium and roots

- The amount of produce obtained from a cropping plant measured by weight or quantity

c - A chemical trace element found in soil and one of various micronutrients typically added to hydroponic solutions to supply essential elements along with the major nutrient nitrates sulphates and phosphates

- The large central root that grows downwards and from which smaller lateral roots grow

- The bud at the growing end of the main stem

- The part of the ballast that transforms electric current from one voltage to another

- Aframe or netting (lattice) that trains or supports plants

Light with very short wavelengths out of the visible spectrum

- The circulation of fresh air fundamental to a healthy indoor garden an exhaust fan creates excellent ventilation

- A mineral that has been superheated until it has expanded into light pebbles Vermiculite has a natural wicking property that can draw water and nutrients in a passive hydroponic system

- A concept that argues that it is economically and environmentally viable to cultivate plant or animal life within skyscrapers or on vertically inclined surfaces The Vertical Farm promotes the mass cultivation of plant and animal life for commercial purposes in tall buildings and skyscrapers using advanced greenhouse technology such as hydroponics and aeroponics

30

The Indoor Growers Directory

UK

International

Green Thumb DepotTel (800)-830-6558contactgreenthumbdepotcomwwwgreenthumbdepotcom

Hydroasis2643 SFairfax AveCulver City CA 90232 USTel (310) 559-GROWcontacthydroasiscomwwwhydroasiscom

Natures HydroponicsWillowcreek CircleSun City AZ 85373 USTel (623) 974-0787NaturesHydroponicsgmailcom wwwnatureshydroponicscom

UK

Grow Things 33 Glengarvan Close Lambton Tyne and Wear NE38 0DYTel 0191 417 4363salesgrow-thingscoukwwwgrow-thingscouk

Grow Expo 2012 Unit 7 Park Rd Bus Cen Park Rd Bacup Lancs OL13 0BWTel 01925 924 082infogrow-exposcomwwwgrow-exposcom

Indoor Growers NetworkEnquiries and informationinfotheindoorgrowernetwwwTheIndoorGrowernet

Keengardener Ltd19 Arden Business CentreAlcester Warwickshire B49 6HWwwwkeengardenercouk

Odyssey Hydroponics556 Hagley Road WestBirminghamTel 0121 421 3494

Original OrganicsUnit 9 Langlands Business Park Uffculme Devon EX15 3DA wwworiginalorganicscouk

Plant Me NowEastcote GC Hampton RoadEastcote Solihull B92 0JJTel 01675 442 551infoplantmenowcoukwwwplantmenowcouk

Riverford Organic Farms LtdBuckfastleigh Devon TQ11 0JUTel 01803 762059wwwriverfordcouk

UK

Seymour Green Hydroponic CentreUnit 4 Fordhouse Rd Ind Est2 Steel Drive Bushbury Wolverhampton WV10 9XATel 01902 782 900

The Indoor GrowerOnline magazine enquiriesinfotheindoorgrowercoukwwwTheIndoorGrowercouk

Thompson amp Morgan Poplar Lane Ipswich Suffolk IP8 3BUwwwthompson-morgancom

Two Wests amp Elliott (UK) Unit 4 Carrwood Rd Sheepbridge Ind Est Chesterfield S41 9RHwwwtwowestscouk

Blooming Direct Rue des Cabarettes St Martin Jersey JE3 6HTTel 01534 857160 wwwbloomingdirectcom

EcotechnicsUnit 2K Old Dalby Business ParkLE14 3NJTel 01664 822 281

Eden Project ShopEden Project BodelvaCornwall PL24 2SGwwwedenprojectcomshop

Even GreenerNo 1 Whitehall Riverside Leeds LS1 4BNTel 0845 658 5588wwwevengreenercom

Focus Aim Fire Ltd24 Abergele RoadColwyn Bay LL29 7PATel 01492 547 118

Garden ChicBeacon Hill Office Park Newark Nottinghamshire NG24 2TNwwwgardenchiccouk

GardenBargainscomIdeal Home House Newark Road Peterborough PE1 5WGwwwgardenbargainscom

Gardening Direct1st Floor Nelson House David PlSt Helier Jersey JE2 4TDwwwgardeningdirectcouk

Gardening ExpressChelmsfordEssex CM1 4UAwwwgardeningexpresscouk

30

The Indoor Growers Directory

UK

International

Green Thumb DepotTel (800)-830-6558contactgreenthumbdepotcomwwwgreenthumbdepotcom

Hydroasis2643 SFairfax AveCulver City CA 90232 USTel (310) 559-GROWcontacthydroasiscomwwwhydroasiscom

Natures HydroponicsWillowcreek CircleSun City AZ 85373 USTel (623) 974-0787NaturesHydroponicsgmailcom wwwnatureshydroponicscom

UK

Grow Things 33 Glengarvan Close Lambton Tyne and Wear NE38 0DYTel 0191 417 4363salesgrow-thingscoukwwwgrow-thingscouk

Grow Expo 2012 Unit 7 Park Rd Bus Cen Park Rd Bacup Lancs OL13 0BWTel 01925 924 082infogrow-exposcomwwwgrow-exposcom

Indoor Growers NetworkEnquiries and informationinfotheindoorgrowernetwwwTheIndoorGrowernet

Keengardener Ltd19 Arden Business CentreAlcester Warwickshire B49 6HWwwwkeengardenercouk

Odyssey Hydroponics556 Hagley Road WestBirminghamTel 0121 421 3494

Original OrganicsUnit 9 Langlands Business Park Uffculme Devon EX15 3DA wwworiginalorganicscouk

Plant Me NowEastcote GC Hampton RoadEastcote Solihull B92 0JJTel 01675 442 551infoplantmenowcoukwwwplantmenowcouk

Riverford Organic Farms LtdBuckfastleigh Devon TQ11 0JUTel 01803 762059wwwriverfordcouk

UK

Seymour Green Hydroponic CentreUnit 4 Fordhouse Rd Ind Est2 Steel Drive Bushbury Wolverhampton WV10 9XATel 01902 782 900

The Indoor GrowerOnline magazine enquiriesinfotheindoorgrowercoukwwwTheIndoorGrowercouk

Thompson amp Morgan Poplar Lane Ipswich Suffolk IP8 3BUwwwthompson-morgancom

Two Wests amp Elliott (UK) Unit 4 Carrwood Rd Sheepbridge Ind Est Chesterfield S41 9RHwwwtwowestscouk

Blooming Direct Rue des Cabarettes St Martin Jersey JE3 6HTTel 01534 857160 wwwbloomingdirectcom

EcotechnicsUnit 2K Old Dalby Business ParkLE14 3NJTel 01664 822 281

Eden Project ShopEden Project BodelvaCornwall PL24 2SGwwwedenprojectcomshop

Even GreenerNo 1 Whitehall Riverside Leeds LS1 4BNTel 0845 658 5588wwwevengreenercom

Focus Aim Fire Ltd24 Abergele RoadColwyn Bay LL29 7PATel 01492 547 118

Garden ChicBeacon Hill Office Park Newark Nottinghamshire NG24 2TNwwwgardenchiccouk

GardenBargainscomIdeal Home House Newark Road Peterborough PE1 5WGwwwgardenbargainscom

Gardening Direct1st Floor Nelson House David PlSt Helier Jersey JE2 4TDwwwgardeningdirectcouk

Gardening ExpressChelmsfordEssex CM1 4UAwwwgardeningexpresscouk

31

32

33

34