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The International Cartographic Association Maps and the Sustainable Development Goals
Menno-Jan Kraak
• ICA
• Cartography and Maps
• Sustainable Development Goals
The International Cartographic Association Maps and the Sustainable Development Goals
Map minded Estonia
Map minded Estonia
ICA’s Members and International Cartographic Conferences
ICA member
1962 Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt am Main1964 London/Edinburgh
Edinburgh
1967 Amsterdam
Amsterdam
1968 Dehli
Dehli
1970 Stresa
Stresa
Ottawa1972 OttawaMoscow
1976 Moscow1978 College ParkCollege Park1980 Tokyo
Tokyo
1982 Warszawa
Warszawa
1984 Perth
Perth
1987 MoreliaMorelia
1989 Budapest
Budapest
1991 Bournemouth
Bournemouth
Cologne
1993 Cologne
1999 Ottawa
Beijing
2001 Beijing
Durban
2003 Durban
Coruna
2005 Coruna2007 Moscow
Santiago2009 Santiago
Paris
2011 Paris
Dresden
2013 Dresden
Rio de Janeiro
2015 Rio de Janeiro2017 Washington
Washington
2019 Tokyo2021 Florence
FlorenceBarcelona
1995 Barcelona
1974 Madrid
Madrid
Stockholm
1997 Stockholm
Commission and Working Groups over time
History
Map Production
Use
Census
Quality
Standards
Adv. Technology
Atlasses
Blind
Education
HistoryComputer Ass.
Satellite
Gender
Urban
Base map theme
Reg. Planning
Marine
Communication
Census
Map Production
History
Map Production
Standards
Quality
Visualization
Theory
Updating
Atlasses
Blind
SatelliteMarine
Map Production
StandardsGender
Visualization
Theory
Atlasses
Blind
SatelliteMarine
Generalization
MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren
StandardsGender
Visualization
Theory
Atlasses
Blind
SatelliteMarine
Generalization
Ubiqutous
Updating
Projections
Heritage
Use
StandardsGender
Visualization
Theory
Atlasses
Blind
SatelliteMarine
Generalization
UbiqutousProjections
Society
AnalysisHeritage
Use
History
StandardsVisualization
Theory
Atlasses
Blind
Satellite
Generalization
UbiqutousProjections
Society
Analysis
Cognition
Quality
Neocartography
Education
TerminologyAutomation
Education
TerminologyAutomation
Sustainability
Education
TerminologyAutomation
Thematic
Communication
Technology
Education
TerminologyAutomation
Communication
TechnologyHistory
Base Maps
Nat. Recources
MarineHistory
Satellite
Urban
Marine
Census
Map Production
Adv. Technology
Blind
Heritage
Use
StandardsVisualization
Atlasses
Blind
Sensors
Generalization
UbiqutousProjections
Analysis
Art
Early Warning
Cognition
LBS
Sustainability
DesignOpen source
Toponomy
Topo Mapping
EducationEducation Education Education EducationEducation Education EducationMap Production Map Production Map ProductionMap Production
HistoryHistory HistoryHistory
Satellite
MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren
MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren
MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren
MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren
Art
Early Warning
Sustainability
DesignOpen source
Marine Marine MarineHistory
Thematic
Communication
IGU AtlasIGU AtlasIGU Atlas
Map Use
ICA.FIG.ISP A
IFLA IFLA
Market
Children
Generalization
Early Warning
Art
Open Data
Toponomy
UNGGIM
IMY
Open source
TouristAfrica
Crime
Census
1964-1968 1968-1972 1972-1976 1976-1980 1980-1984 1984-1987 1987-1991 1991-1995 1995-1999 1999-2003 2003-2007 2007-2011 2011-2015 2015-2019
History
Map Production
Adv. Technology
Blind
Satellite
Urban
Census
Education
Marine
Theory
Atlasses
Map Use
IFLA
Market
Theory
Marine
ICA.FIG.ISP BICA.FIG.ISP C
Urban
Census
Gender
Definitions
Map UseMarketGender
Theory
Heritage
Use
Analysis
Early WarningHist. Colonial
IMY
Tech outreach
Basic Manual
Definitions
Base map theme
ZOOM-IN: Commission and Working Groups over time
Heritage
Society
AnalysisHeritage
Society
Analysis
Cognition
Neocartography
Sustainability
HeritageAnalysis
Art
Cognition
LBS
Sustainability
DesignOpen source
Toponomy
Topo Mapping
ArtSustainability
DesignOpen source
Art
Open Data
Toponomy
UNGGIM
IMY
Open source
TouristAfrica
Crime
HeritageAnalysis
IMY
Tech outreach
2003-2007 2007-2011 2011-2015 2015-2019
Origin of Commission and Working Group Chairs
United
Kin
gdom
Croatia
India
Spain
Chin
a
Slo
venia
Mexico
Ken
ya
Greece
Austr
ia
Czech
iaB
elgiu
m
Den
mar
kC
hile
Brazil
Austr
aliaJapan
South
Afr
icaR
ussia
Sw
itzerlan
dSw
eden
Hungar
yPolan
d
United
States
Can
ada
Neth
erlan
ds
Ger
man
yFran
ce
10
30
20
40
South Africa
Kenya
Australia
ChinaJapan
India
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
Chile
United States Spain
Germany
AustriaSwitzerland
Sweden
Greece
Russia
Poland
France
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
CroatiaSlovenia
Belgium
Czechia
Borders and names as of today
Number of Executive Committee members by country
Indonesia
United
Kin
gdom
Morocco
Ken
ya
Fin
land
Brazil
Philippin
es
Hong K
ong
Chile
Sw
itzerlan
dPolan
d
Spain
Hungar
y
Austr
iaM
exico
South
Afr
ica
Can
ada
Japan
Russia
Austr
alia
ItalyIn
dia
Chin
aC
zechia
United
States
Ger
man
ySw
eden
Neth
erlan
ds
Fran
ce
3
9
6
12
15
0.2
0.6
0.4
0.8
Officers / population
NUMBER OF Officers
Location Executive Committee members over time
Borders and names as of today
South Africa
Kenya
Australia
Indonesia
China
Hong Kong
Japan
PhilippinesIndia
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
Chile
United States
Morocco
Spain
Germany
Austria
Switzerland
Sweden
Finland
Italy
Russia
Poland
France
Netherlands
Czechia
Hungary
United Kingdom
PresidentSecretary-General
Vice-President
Executive Committee members by country over timeIndonesia
United Kingdom
59 61 64 68 72 76 80 84 87 91 95 99 03 07 11 15
South AfricaKenya
BrasilFinland
Chili
AustriaHong Kong
ChinaMexico
PolandAustralia
CzechiaPhilippines
Hungary
RussiaIndia
SwitzerlandNetherlands
JapanSpain
CanadaMorocco
United States
GermanyItaly
SwedenFrance
Kraak, M.J. & S.I. Fabrikant / Of Maps, Cartography, and the Geography of the International Cartographic Association (submitted ICY) / Data collected by Data: Igor Drecki / University of Auckland (NZ)
Cartography and maps
art
using
making
technology
science
MAPS
CARTOGRAPHY
Process
Tools
Sustainability of the definition
CARTOGRAPHY technology MAPSmakingscienceart usingCARTOGRAPHY
technology
MAPS
making
science
art
using
Data Visualizers
InfoVis
D3
Internet
ProfessionalsDesigners
GIScience
LBS
GPSCrowd
CARTOGRAPHY
technology
MAPS
making
science
art
using
Societal needs and technological innovation
Maps
Maps that matter should raise interest, be engaging, instantly understandable, and be relevant to society
intern
extern
symbols
map type
real/ synthetic
(non)tangible
indoor / outdoor
A map is a visual representation of an environment
• maps tell stories • maps invite • maps show patterns • maps reveal relationships
• maps explain • maps provide overview • maps offer insight • maps are an interface to the world
Want to read it over…..
What about Maps and Sustainability
Sustainability
Cartography / Maps
Global Development Goals
How can maps be relevant for the global development goals?
• Goals
Example: Goal 4 Education
http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/education/
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7• Targets
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.3.1 4.5.1 4.6.1
4.6.2
4.7.1
4.7.2• Indicators
• 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
• 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education
• 4.3 By 2030, ensure …….. • …..
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/6754Technical%20report%20of%20the%20UNSC%20Bureau%20(final).pdf
Goal 4: Education - Sample Targets
• 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
• Indicator 4.1.1 Percentage of children who achieve minimum proficiency standards in reading and mathematics at end of: (i) primary (ii) lower secondary
• Indicator 4.1.2 Completion rate (primary, lower secondary, upper secondary)
• 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education
• Indicator 4.2.1 Early Childhood Development Index
• Indicator 4.2.2 Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age)
Goal 4: Education - Sample Indicators
Goal 4: Education - Analyzing the data
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.3.1
4.5.1
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.7.1
4.7.2
% minimum proficiency
Completion rate levels of education
Participation rate in organized learning
Early Childhood Development Index
Enrollment ratios by level and type
Participation rate among 25-65 years
% of computer and information literate
Parity indices (female/male, urban/rural, .
% of proficient
Youth/adult literacy rate
% of 15yrs proficiency of environmental science and geoscience
% of 13yrs promoting governance
Nominal
Interval
Ordinal
Ratio
http://icaci.org/maps-and-sustainable-development-goals
An example
Map design makes a difference because it is key to effective communication
At the UN-GGIM
• Language
• Base map
• Content
• Cartographic representation
• Graphic Quality
Lessons learned: sensitivity
South Sudan Western Sahara
Cartography
Art, science, technology of making and using maps
scaleprojection
Base map
symbologyvisual variables
perceptual proporties
Topic
environment
display optionsdynamics / interaction
% minimum proficiency
Completion rate levels of education
Early Childhood Development Index
Participation rate in organized learning
Enrollment ratios by level and type
Participation rate among 25-65 years
% of computer and information literate
Parity indices (female/male, urban/rural, .
% of proficient
Youth/adult literacy rate
% of 13yrs promoting governance
% of 15yrs proficiency of environmental science and geoscience
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.1.2
4.1.1
4.2.2
4.2.1
4.4.2
4.4.1
4.6.2
4.6.1
4.7.2
4.7.1
4.5.1
4.3.1
Nominal
Ordinal
IntervalRatio
SDG data anaysis
Select map / diagram type
Do’s and don’t
Map ExamplesMap Examples
Map Examples
ICACommisions andWorking Groups
perspective
design maps
traditional and alternative visual representations
bad maps to appreciate the good maps
Sustainable Development Goals17 goals
169 targets 232 global indicators
SDG data analysis
trends2010, 2011, 2012
jan, feb, mar
Time geographic unit
countriesregions
continents
Location
indicatorsqualitative,
quantitative (rel/abs)
Theme
New project Book with do’s and don’ts for SDG mapping
Future of cartography
data mapcartographic visualization
map makerscartographers
Data Design Media
CodingComputation
Open
CartographerArtist
Graphic Designer
InteractionPersonalization
Story telling
• Today’s cartographer should be creative and be able to design maps for personalized interaction to reveal (hidden) stories. The cartographer should be able to code to hack the data, be cooperative with both graphic designers and data visualizers as well as (geo)scientists who know the problems and stories behind the data
Our smart future
• The map has become an interactive, mobile, dynamic and collaborative interface between humans and the dynamically evolving environment
• Cartography is ready for tomorrow. However, we have to remain innovative and open, so we can handle societal and technological changes, without compromising on fundamental cartographic values, but also be willing to extend these values
Let’s make the world a better place with maps