The Internet of Things: An enabling technology for remote

condition monitoring of power system equipmentProf PN Bokoro

Email:pitshoub@uj.ac.za

19/08/2020

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1. Electricity: an essential commodity for wealth creation and economic growth

1.1 Resource depletion versus Electricity demand

1.2 Global Electricity demand Forecast

1.3 Electricity GDP share in South Africa

2. Energy Transition: Reliability and Supply Security of future energy systems – Key drivers

2.1 Reliability Assessment in Distribution Grids

2.2 Investments in Supply Reliability – Distribution Automation

3. Condition Monitoring and the Internet of Things (IoT)

3.1 Internet of Things

3.2 IoT enhanced condition monitoring

3.3 Remote Condition Monitoring: Cloud Computing and IoT – Virtual Power Plant

3.4 Proposed structure of Cognitive Distribution Automation

4. Conclusion

Content

3A dream is not what you see at night. It is what will let you not sleep at time – Abdul Kalam

“ A nation that cannot

control its energy sources

cannot control its future ”

Barack H. Obama

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Electricity demand

Supply (Resource depletion)

Supply vs. Demand – the global trend…

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Current and Expected Global Rise in Electricity Demand

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Is Electricity essential for World Wealth Creation?

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Electricity GDP share in South Africa (2016 – 2017)

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Electricity GDP share in South Africa (2018 – 2019)…

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Will the transition to future energy systems lead to energy sustainability, security and access?

• Sustainability

• Security

• Access

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Meeting the key objectives of Future Energy Systems – a long road ahead…

Decentralisation

Decarbonisation

Digitisation

Future Energy Systems

Security

Access

Sustainability

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Energy security: Supply Reliability – Need for Monitoring…

• Debate on the Pitfalls in Methods for Reliability indices

pertains to Calculation and/or normalization for adverse

weather conditions.

• Reliable monitoring and measuring systems are required.

• Supply reliability – electricity being delivered to consumers at the desired

amount and within accepted standards.

• Reliability indices:

• 𝑆𝐴𝐼𝐹𝐼 =𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑

• 𝑆𝐴𝐼𝐷𝐼 =𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑

Global causes of supply interruptions

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Investments in Supply Reliability(distribution) Monitoring Systems…

Automatic Meter Radio (AMR)

Smart Sensors and Advanced

Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

• Feeder automation

• Consumer information system

• Asset management

• Outage detection and restoration

• Demand response

Distribution Management Systems (DMS)

and Smart Grids

• Smart appliances

• Consumer portals

• Emission control

• Load management

• Preventive/self-healing

• Substation automation

From simple meters

Distribution automation

What’s next?

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What is missing from currently automated electricity distribution systems?

DistributionAutomation

Substation Automation

(Data acquisition &

Supervisory control of

Circuit breakers

Capacitor banks

Transformers

Protective relays, etc…)

Feeder Automation

(Data acquisition & Supervisory control of

Line reclosers, sectionalisers,

voltage regulators, Line switches, etc…)

Customer Interface Automation

(Automated meter reading,

Automated reprogramming of

time of use meters,

Remote service…)Have these improved SAIFI and SAIDI?

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Will Cognitive Distribution Automation be the response to supply reliability?

DISTRIBUTION

Data Analytics – Decision Making

Sensors

Communication Protocols

Network

Infrastructure

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The Internet of Things (IoT) – A 4IR technology…

1. Big Analog

Data

2. Perpetual

Connectivity

3. Really Real

Time

4. Spectrum of

Insight5. Immediacy

versus Depth

6. Shift Left

7. Next V

Matching Tom Bradicich’s seven basic IoT principles and the seven characteristics of IoT:

https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-of-things/

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What is IoT?

According to the European Research Cluster on the Internet of Things (IERC)

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IoT according to the IEEE

According to the IEEE: IoT is a network of

connected devices with:

1) unique identifiers in the form of an IP

address;

2) which have embedded technologies or are

equipped with technologies that enable them to

sense, gather data and communicate about the

environment in which they reside and/or

themselves.

https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-of-things/

This technology converges the real, digital and

the virtual in order to gather intelligence (data) for

decision-making (data analytics, data value,

human value…).

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Basic Applications of IoT

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IoT enhanced condition monitoring…

Source: Dustin M. Etchison – Reliability Engineering at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville

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Remote Condition Monitoring: IoT & cloud computing – Virtual Power Plant (VPP)

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Remote Condition Monitoring – Cognitive Distribution Automation

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Proposed Structure of a Cognitive Distribution Automation…

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Forecast Turn Over expected in IoT and Condition Monitoring industry…

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With Internet of Things in power systems,

• Efficient condition monitoring of power system asset;

• Improved energy security by ensuring supply reliability;

• Creates investment opportunity in virtual power plants;

• Supports key attributes of future energy systems;

• Requires skilled labour/personnel

To conclude…

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