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Sejong University (Dept. Computer Engineering)IoT Health
MEI-Center Summer School 2018: Challenges of the IoT in Healthcare and Medicine in Osaka U.
1Dept. Computer Science & Engineering, Sejong University
The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine
|SEJONGUNIV
CSE
S. M. Riazul Islam, PhD
Assistant Professor, Dept. CSE
Sejong University, South Korea
Date: August 30, 2018 @Osaka University, Suita, Japan
Contents
2A Conceptual Framework for an IoT-Based Health Assistant and Its Authorization Model
Sejong University (Dept. Computer Engineering)Inside of This Presentation
IoTHealthcare
Applications
Protocols & Standards
SecurityOpen Issues
Research & Prototyping
Internet of Things (IoT): Things to Human Value
3The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health
https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-of-things-guide/#The_Internet_of_Things_as_an_evolving_reality
Connected World
4The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Wearable Computing Devices: Global Forecast
5The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare Devices
6The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare Devices
7The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
https://www.cbinsights.com/research/iot-healthcare-market-map-company-list/
Global Health and Aging
8The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
The Speed of Population AgingTime required or expected forpercentage of population aged 65 and over to rise from 7 percent to 14 percent
The Speed of Population AgingTime required or expected forpercentage of population aged 65 and over to rise from 7 percent to 14 percent
Young Children and Older Peopleas a Percentage of Global Population: 1950-2050Young Children and Older Peopleas a Percentage of Global Population: 1950-2050
Health Care Expenses for Elderly People
“Trends in Health Care Expenditures for the Elderly, Age 65 and Older: 2001, 2006, and 2011”
9The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Bluetooth Tags in Healthcare
10The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Source: Kontakt
IoT Healthcare Benefits
11The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Improved Patient Engagement
Identify Patient Needsand Provide Tailored Services
Improved Decision-MakingReduction in Healthcare Cost
Closing Patient-Provider Communication Gap
IoT-Based Healthcare
12The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
System Clinical Care
Remote Monitoring Healthcare Innovation
IoT Accelerates Healthcare Transformation
13The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Traditional Model
New ModelWellness and Preventive Care
IoT Healthcare Network
It supports access to the IoT backbone, facilitates the transmission and reception of medical data, and enables the use of healthcare-tailored communications.
14The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Platform: Service Platform Framework
A systematic hierarchical model of how caregivers or agents can access various databases from the application layer with the help of a support layer.
15The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Health Level Seven (HL7)
16The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare Service Framework
17The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Platform: Automated Design Methodology
18The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare Platforms
19The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT-Healthcare Services and Applications
20A Conceptual Framework for an IoT-Based Health Assistant and Its Authorization Model
Sejong University (Dept. Computer Engineering)Outset
SMR Islam et. al., "The Internet of Things for Healthcare: A Comprehensive Survey," IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 678-708, Jun. 2015.
IoTHealthcare
Services
Semantic Medical Access
Context Prediction
Adverse Drug Reactions
Applications
Single-Condition
ECG Monitoring
BP Monitoring
O2 Saturation Monitoring
Clustered-Condition
Medication Management
Wheelchair Management
Smartphone-based
Solutions
Smartphone in Healthcare
21The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
WBAN Towards IoT Healthcare
A flexible solar energy harvester with MPPT
A wearable sensor node with BLE transmission
A smart phone application acting as the IoT gateway for sensor data visualization and emergency notification
22The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
“An autonomous wireless body area network implementation towards IoT connected healthcare applications”
Wearable IoT Data Architecture
A traceability route formation using a network graph based on techniques such as tuple of inputs and the Büchi automaton.
Provides proper trace routes for the personal data from the originating source to the Health Information System (HIS)
23The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
“Wearable IoT Data Architecture”
Cloud-IoT in Health Monitoring
1. Scalable capabilities andresources of the cloudcompensate IoT technologicalconstraints
2. While the IoT capability tointeract with real world thingsenables diversification of cloudbased services
24The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
“A Cloud-IoT Based Sensing Service for Health Monitoring”
IoT-Healthcare: Health Assessment Framework
25The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
“A comprehensive health assessment framework to facilitate IoT-assisted smart workouts: A predictive healthcare perspective”
Type-2 fuzzy ontology–aided recommendation systems for IoT–based healthcare
Ontology in IoT Healthcare
We-Care System for IoT Healthcare
Architecture:
(1) We-Watch wristband, the (2) We-Care services board and the (3) cloud services
Architecture:
(1) We-Watch wristband, the (2) We-Care services board and the (3) cloud services
27The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
It follows a standardized protocol stackIt follows a standardized protocol stack
IoT-Cloud in Detecting Parkinson’s Disease
Non-invasive method to detect PD is to check for a voice disorder, because almost 90s% of PD patients suffer from the impairment or disorder of the vocal folds.
Non-invasive method to detect PD is to check for a voice disorder, because almost 90s% of PD patients suffer from the impairment or disorder of the vocal folds.
28The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
“Monitoring Parkinson’s Disease in Smart Cities”
IoT-Cloud in Detecting Chikungunya Virus
29The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
“Wearable IoT sensor based healthcare system for identifying and controlling chikungunya virus”
Outbreak Roll Index
IoT in Precision Medicine
30The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Risk minimizationin ADR
Safe and SecureMedication
Automation in GeneExpression Measurement
Medical ErrorMinimization
A conceptual model of an IoT-aided personalized DBS therapy.
31The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)Protocols
IoTHealthcare
Applications
Protocols & Standards
SecurityOpen Issues
Research & Prototyping
IoT Device Interoperability
32The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare Device Life Cycle
33The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Internet of Things (IoT) Stack
34The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)Protocols & Standards
Health
IEEE 802.15.4
35The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)Protocols & Standards
Defines the operation of LR-WPANs (PHY & MAC)
10-meter range and a transfer rate of 250 kbps
RT suitability by reservation of guaranteed time slots
Collision avoidance through CSMA/CA
Three possible frequency bands: 868/915/2450 MHz.
Zigbee and BLE
36The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)Protocols & Standards
Applications: Medical device data collection, healthcare, fitness, beacons, security, and home entertainment industries.
Applications: Medical device data collection, healthcare, fitness, beacons, security, and home entertainment industries.
6LoWPAN Standard
37The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)Protocols and Standards
6LoWPAN– “IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks”
A networking technology or adaptation layer that allows IPv6 packets to be carriedefficiently within small link layer frames, such as those defined by IEEE 802.15.4. T
RPL: Routing for Mesh topology network to achieve long range communications
RPL is located at the IPv6 and is not interfaced directly to the lower level protocols, sothat it's easy to integrate to any connectivity solutions
UDP Fragmentation
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
38The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)Protocols
CoAP has lower communication overhead compared to HTTP
CoAP headers are represented using binary coding to minimize payload overheads
HTTP transaction bytes are 10 times higher than CoAPtransaction bytes
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
39The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)Protocols
Packets are transmitted over UDP instead of TCP
UDP is suitable for lossy networks with limited bandwidth
Sizes of UDP headers are smaller than TCP headers
UDP does not require 3-way handshake
ISO/IEEE 11073 Health Informatics Standard
40The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)Protocols
Enables communication between medical, health care and wellness devices and with external computer systems.
Personal health and fitness devices: Glucose monitors, pulse oximeters, weighing scales, medication dispensers and activity monitors.
Continuing and acute care devices: Pulse oximeters, ventilators and infusion pumps.
MIDI- Medical Data Information Base; CMDISE- Common Medical Device Information Service Element; ACSE- Association Service Control Element
RT plug-and-play interoperability.
Efficient exchange of care device data.
RT plug-and-play interoperability.
Efficient exchange of care device data.
Contents
41A Conceptual Framework for an IoT-Based Health Assistant and Its Authorization Model
Sejong University (Dept. Computer Engineering)What’s Next
IoTHealthcare
Applications
Protocols & Standards
SecurityOpen Issues
Research & Prototyping
IoT Healthcare Security
Healthcare devices deal with private information This information needs to be protected from been
revealed, modified or forged Critical to identify and analyze distinct features of IoT
security and privacy
42The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Internet connectivity in HealthcareRaises potential security risks and threats.Internet connectivity in HealthcareRaises potential security risks and threats.
Security Issues in IoT Healthcare
43The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare Security Requirements
Information Security
• Integrity
•Confidentiality
•Anonymity
•Non Repudiation
•Freshness
Functional Security
• Interoperability
• Scalability
• Availability
Access Level Security
• Authentication
• Authorization
44The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare Security Constraints/Challenges
45The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
HW Limitations
•Low CPU speed
•Low Communication BW
•Low storage
SW Limitations
• Lightweight OS
• Lack of dynamic SW update
Network Limitations
• Multi-protocol Communications
• Heterogeneous Devices and Media
IoT Healthcare Attack Surface
46The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Communication Between Body Temp Sensor and Env. Temp Sensor
Communication Between ECG Sensor and Sensor Hub
Communication Between Sensor Hub and Medicine Box
Communication Between EMG Sensor and Smartphone
Communication Between Smartphone and Home Device
IoT Healthcare Attach Tack Taxonomy
47The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Host Properties-
Centric
Network Properties-Centric
Information Disruption-
Centric
Attack Taxonomy: Information Disruptions
Interruption
Denial – Of – Service attack.
Communication links lost or made unavailable
Interception
Eavesdrop on the information to threaten data privacy and confidentiality
Modification
Tamper medical information
Fabrication
Forge or inject false information
Replay
Replay existing information
48The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Attack Taxonomy: Host Properties
User Compromise
Compromise a user’s health device or network
Mostly involves revealing passwords, cryptographic keys or user data
Hardware Compromise
Physically tamper the device
Extract on – device program code, keys and data
Reprogram with false program
Software Compromise
Forces malfunction by taking advantages of the vulnerabilities in either the operating system or other applications of the device
49The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Attack Taxonomy: Network Properties
Standard Protocol Compromise
An attacker deviates from standard protocols
Acts maliciously to threaten service availability, message privacy, integrity, and authenticity
Network Protocol Stack Attack
50The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Attack Taxonomy: Network Properties Communication Protection
51The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare: Security Model
52The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare Forensics
53The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
54A Conceptual Framework for an IoT-Based Health Assistant and Its Authorization Model
Sejong University (Dept. Computer Engineering)What’s Next
IoTHealthcare
Applications
Protocols & Standards
SecurityOpen Issues
Research & Prototyping
Continua Design Guidelines
Secure end-to-end ICT framework for personal connected health and careusing open standards (by the Personal Connected Health Alliance(PCHAlliance)
Provides a set of defined interfaces that enable the secure flow of medical data among sensors, gateways, and end services
Interoperable ecosystem of personal connected health devices.
55The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Continua E2E Reference Architecture
56The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Continua Architecture for IoT Healthcare
57The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Center for U-Healthcare Convergence Network
IoT Healthcare Convergence Architecture
58The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Health Convergence Architecture: Standard
59The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Center for U-Healthcare Convergence Network
IoT Healthcare Open Issues
60The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare Security Research Directions
61The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Energy-Efficient Security
Identity Management
Trust Management
Secure Group Management
IoT Forensics
Data Transparency
Privacy
Contents
62A Conceptual Framework for an IoT-Based Health Assistant and Its Authorization Model
Sejong University (Dept. Computer Engineering)What’s Next
IoTHealthcare
Applications
Protocols & Standards
SecurityOpen Issues
Research & Prototyping
Research & Prototyping: Smart Devices
T-mote Sky
• Advanticsys
• IEEE 802.15.4 compliant wireless sensor module
Re Mote
• Zolertia
• Hardware Development Platform
• IEEE 802.15.4 & Zigbee compliant
Waspmote
• Libelium
• 4G / 3G / GPRS /GPS
• ZigBee/ 802.15.4 /WiFi
• RFID/NFC /BL
63The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
http://www.snm.ethz.ch/Projects/TmoteSky https://github.com/Zolertia/Resources/wiki/RE-Mote http://www.libelium.com/products/waspmote/
Research & Prototyping: IoT Operating System
Contiki
• Open Source
• For networked, memory-constrained systems with a focus on IoT devices.
• Cooja Simulator
TinyOS
• Embedded, component-based OS and platform for low-power wireless devices.
RIOT
• Linux of IoT
• Allows application programming with C/C++,
• Provides multithreading and RT abilities
64The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
http://www.riot-os.org/http://www.contiki-os.org/ http://github.com/tinyos/tinyos-main
Research & Prototyping: Cloud Platform
65The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
https://thingspeak.com/
Watson IoT AWS IoT Azure IoT
66The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Development Platform for Medical Devices
HWHW
SWSW
Healthcare Ecosystem
67The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Electronic Health Record with CDSS
68The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (Dept. Computer Engineering)Outset
ADT- Admission, Discharge, Transfer; CPOE-Computer Provider Order Entry.
69The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
Tools and Technologies
https://harbinger-systems.com/digital-health-the-new-rx-for-usa-healthcare-ecosystem-2/
Concluding Remarks
70The Internet of Things for Healthcare and Medicine: Advances and Challenges
Sejong University (CSE)IoT-Health Assistant
IoT Healthcare is a Interdisciplinary Subject.
Helping transform to a data-driven, patient-centric model (collaborative, distributed, and personalized).
IoT healthcare will change elderly care.
Multi-dimensional R&D efforts in IoT-driven healthcare are visible.
IoT Healthcare Convergence and Security are two major issues.
Discussion
71Web: www.riazulislam.com E-mail: [email protected]
Sejong University (Dept. Computer Engineering)Comments!