The Israeli – Palestinian Conflict

Three Formative Pairs Shaul Arieli

2012 www.shaularieli.com

The Israeli – Palestinian Conflict

Three Formative Pairs 1. The Balfour declaration (1917) and the mandate (1922)

recognizing the right for self-determination and its

tools of implementation

2. The partition resolution (1947) and the independence

war (1948 – 1949) the establishment of the state and

the “inheritance”

3. The six day war (June 1967) and “resolution 242”

(November 1967) the assets the basis of the conflict

resolution

“Opening Shot” Balfour Declaration (1917)

The Mandate (1922)

Balfour and others

Balfour – “His majesties government looks favorably towards the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Israel with hopes to endeavor to facilitate the achievement of the project …” (Nov. 1917)

Combo – “It would only be the justice and compensation , to support, with the help of the powers, the revival of the Jewish nation from the country it was expelled from centuries ago. The French government , has nothing to say but support your victory” June (1917)

Wilson – "I am convinced that the allies, with full consent of our government and people, agree that in Palestine the foundation is laid for a Jewish community (1919) “

Balfour for the Zionist movement: 1: The support of the central world powers, Great

Britain, within the vision of the Zionist Movement. 2: Historical right for the land of Israel – “ it is

completely justified, that exiled Jews all around the world, will have a national center and a national home, where they can come together as one. And where could that place be if not in the land of Israel, where they are connected with for over 3000 years on such a deep and close level…” (Winston, 1919)

3: The need of the hour: “ Is the Zionism wrong or right, for better or worst, it revives from centuries of tradition, present needs and future hopes, and it has a much deeper significance many times more than the aspirations and prejudices of the 700,000 Arabs which inhabit this ancient land” (Balfour, 1917)

What's in the Balfour declaration The term Palestine – region of Israel

in general.

The British governments desire to avoid any commitment -

• The latest draft that was rejected “his majesties government accepts the printable that the land of Israel must rise again as the national home for the Jewish people.”

The land of Israel during the ottoman empire – 1914 (separation of 1988)

Tzur

Haifa

NablusPetah – Tiqwa

Jerusalem

Damascus

Jenin

Gaza

Tel Aviv – Jaffa

Ber shebba

Hebron

The sanjak of Eglon

The

wai

lyah

of B

eiru

t

Rational Wayilyah

(provenience)

Sanjuk (district)

Gaza

Allied plan concerning the Israel May – 1916 – Sykes Picot Rational

A new region within British, Russian and French custody

French region

An Arabic state under British custody

An Arabic state under French custody

British enclave

Egypt (under British control)

Haifa

Tzur

Jerusalem

Tel Aviv

Ber shebba

45 – 50,000 km

Rational

The Zionist organizations Proposition for the borders of Israel

Egypt (under British control)

The Zionist organization proposal during the peace conference in Paris 1919

"The principle of self-determination is not applied to Palestine during the British Mandate created in 1922 due to the desire to enable the establishment of the Jewish national home."• "The will of the Arab people of Palestine to ensure their national existence is a natural desire indeed. However, a nationalist Palestinian state, as opposed to Arab nationalism is in itself a phenomenon created not long ago and came into being only after the division of the Arab region by the settlement at the end of the First World War." (Distribution Report, 1947)"We can not accept Zionist claims to include the Transjordan territory of the Land of Israel because there are no Jewish colonies there, and the local population publicly expressed its desire to join the Syrian Arab country"

For the Arabs of Palestine

• 673,400 Arabs

• 83,790 Jews

•28,000 km

Rational Border lines according to the mandate

Arab settlement

Jewish settlement

Co-existing territories

Mandate for Palestine – Israel - 1922 Jewish – Arab settlements

Hussein - McMahon -1915Faisal - Weizmann - 1920

Cyprus (British)

Wailyah of Haleb

Wailyah of Damascus

Rational Pure Arabic area (as declared by Hussein Ben Ali the

sheriff from Mecca The border lines in the west of outside the Arabic state (as proposed

by the British commissioner Mcmahon)

HijazianTrain tracks

Wailyah of Beirut

Map 6 . Great Brittan and the Arabs 1917 and on

Past Turkish territories, that were established with the British mandate in 1921, and later as independent countries

Land of Israel

Rational Past Turkish territories, that were left to be supervised by the French in 1920 and later received independence

Arab states that were assisted by Britain in their war against Turkey, 1915 – 1918 and received financial support from Brittan

Arab territories under the British authority or supervision in 1914 that have all received independence

Saudi Arabia Egypt

Golf Of O

man

Golf Of Oman

Balfour for Arabs as designed for Palestine:

1: Definition in the statement has also been but in a negative way "non-Jewish testimony". Thus, religious communities without national rights.

2: Britain granted piece of land that is not of hers )in 1917 the area was within Turkish rule( to a group which is not entitled to it ) the Zionist movement( at the expense of the owners and those who are entitled to it )local Arabs( )Edward W. Said(.

3: " In addition council confirms that the aggression on the Palestinian nation and the its territory began in 1917" )PLO Convention, 1964(.

The Zionist

movement- self

definition in the state

of Israel“While the basis for the Jewish aspiration for national

independence was not essentially different from the aspiration of other nations, the way in which the Jewish

people fulfilled its right of self definition indeed was extraordinary- because the Jewish tragedy was

extraordinary. Is the moral justification being lessened, in the case of the Jewish people?” (Rubinshtain and

Yaacobson, 2003)

קמ"ר28,000

Rational

-Mandate Border lines-Arab villages-Jewish settlement-Integrated villages

Egypt- Under British authority

Jordanian River

The Mediterranean

sea

•28,000 sq.km

“To create political, administrative and

economical conditions in the state of

Israel, that will promise the

establishment of the National Jewish

home”

The mandate document (1922)

The Mediterranean

sea

Egypt- Under British authority

Jordanian River

For the Zionist Movement 1: “the Jewish people’s historical connection to Palestine

was recognized and it is their right to reestablish their national home in this land”.

2: "Both the Balfour Declaration and the mandate included an

international commitment to the Jewish people as a whole.“

3:”During the last two to three generations the Jewish people created

a settlement that now includes approximately 80 thousand in

population and about a quarter of them are farmers. This settlement

has its own political tools… its issues are being run in Hebrew as a

spoken language and Jewish press is utilizing its needs. It has its

special intellectual life in the city and in the village therefore it has

“national virtues”

“Establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in the land of Israel... being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may infringe the civil and religious non-Jewish committees ... ")Balfour Declaration 1917(

"... While preserving the civil and religious rights of all the inhabitants of Palestine, irrespective of race or religion"

Mandate in 2012

Israel - Identity, Borders and Regime

Democracy

Geography Demographic

Jewish

State

“..And encourage

the immigration

of the Jewish

masses to this

land, so they can

shape their

destiny and

establish their

home”

• The rise of the national Palestinian

movement (1920, 1921,1929, 1936-9)

• The White paper(1922, 1930, 1939)

• Eastern European Jews- The “Bond”

and North America

• The holocaust

1947

•638,000 Jews

•1,325,000 Arabs

United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine

Jewish stateArab state

The separate body

“Reduction of the area - this is the price we

pay for the delay of the Jewish people in

building the country and for the rapid

growth of the Arab Movement”

(Mordechai Namir, 1937)

" Certainly the Arab community in Israel has a right to self-determination and self-government, good faith dictates, that we will not deprive nor will we

dismiss this right.”

Ben Gurion, Feb 1947

"Inheritance The"

Partition Resolution

)1947(

The war of independence and the “Nakba” (1947-1949)

…only by the means of partition, can the two conflicting national aspirations portray themselves and allow their two nations to come to terms with their independent nations within the international community and United

Nations”…

Partition Resolution(181)

November 1947

)Partition Report Conference, 1947(

55%

45%

Jewish stateArab state

The separate body

United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine

The Zionist Movement:The establishment of the state of Israel (May 14th 1948)-

“.. The State of Israel was established as a Jewish State in

the Land of Israel, by virtue of the historical connection

between the Nation of Israel and its land and by the

recognition and approval of the nations of the world. In the

Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel, the new

State was defined by the members of the National Council

The Arabs of Israel:

Recognition of the nation and its right for self-determintation

Population – The Rural Villages Survey (April 1945)

District Arabs Jews Total

Galilee Acre 184,46037,350230,840

Haifa 115,790104,310224,430Jerusalem 284,440100,280384,880

Lod 207,210293,520501,040Gaza 187,8303,040190,880Samaria 217,09014,900232,220

Total 1,196,820553,40031.4%))

1,764,320

Land Proprietary Right (April 1945)

District Arabs Jews Communal Total

Galilee Acre1,815,536576,028398,6332,801,383

Haifa434,666364,276208,0471,031,755

Jerusalem3,993,00139,679243,4464,333,534

Lod828,812251,59896,5911,205,558

Gaza

2,766,709114,49110,806,96713,688,501

Samaria2,736,077145,627360,7213,262,287

Total12,574,8011,491,699 (5.7%)(10.6%)

12,114,40526,323,018

"While 37% of the Jewish population in Palestine own only 7% of the field, 55% received their sovereignty from Israel, the Palestinians could not understand why they should pay the price for the occurrence Holocaust ...

They were unable to figure out why it is unfair that the Jews will be a minority in undivided Palestine while considered FAIR that the Palestinians who are living in the Jewish region , half the population is almost being of native-born ancestry - will override a minority subject to foreign rule ")Walid al - Khalidi , 1988(

Israeli Arabs:

Article 16 of the Palestinian Covenant:

"Distribution of Palestine in 1947 and the establishment of Israel are essentially flawed,One is how it persist to exist, because they are contrary to the will of the Arab nation and the Palestinians and the natural right to its homeland, and since they Contradict the principles contained in the Declaration of the United Nations, and foremost - the right to self-determination. "

"Representative of the Jewish Agency told us yesterday that they are not the aggressor. Because it was the Arabs who started the conflicts and when the Arabs will stop firing, Jews will do too. As a matter of fact, we do not deny this fact .... We said to the world ... that we do not agree that little Palestine should be divided. ... and that we intend to fight against it ")Jamal al - Husseini, the Arab Higher Committee representative Security Council on April 16, 1948(

Results of the warPalestinians Israelis

De facto loss of the right to self-determination

Establishment of an independent state and a UN recognition

The division of Palestine between Israel and Jordan and Egypt

Armistice Agreements lest 78% of the land of Israel

about 711 thousand refugees, a small minority in Israel

demographic balance of 84-16 towards the Jews

The destruction of over 400 villages, the abandonment of the 11 cities involved, massive property loss (3.5 to 4.6 million hectares ...)

Control over the land and the refugees’s property

Loss of 3,000 peopleLoss of 6,000 people

About a million Jewish refugees from Arab and Muslim countries

"The military can conquer all territory

between Jordan and the ocean. But what

kind of country will we have, assuming

that there are elections and Deir Yassin is

not our policy. We will have a parliament

with an Arab majority. Between the

choice of the whole country or a

Jewish ."state, we chose a Jewish state

The Zionist stand

David Ben Gurion(Parliament debate, Volume 1, th4 April 1949)

•1,000,000 JEWS

•156,000 ARABS

78%

1.2%

20.8%

Rational

Jordan and the West Bank under its control

-Armistice lines

Egypt and Gaza under its authority

UnExcessive region

Israel

1949-Armistice lines

Assets and SolutionsSix Day War / cover

)June 1967(Security Council Resolution

242)November 1967(

Rational1967 border -

lines

-Israel

Territories that were -occupied the war

Israel and the territories in authority post six day war 1967

Israel

Egypt

Jordan

Saudi Arabia

Syria

Sinai Peninsula

Israel, the Arab countries and the Palestinians

1. International legitimacy for the 1949 border lines in

exchange for the occupation in 1967.

2. Arab countries - the return of occupied sovereign territory

)peace agreements(.

3. Establishment of a Palestinian state only on 22% of the territory in exchange for the recognition of Israel )1988(.

Israel / Palestine

Size28 000 square kilometers

PopulationIsrael

Jews - 5.55 millionArabs - 1.3 million

West Bank + Gaza + East Jerusalem

Arabs - 4.2 millionJews - 0.5 million

The new threatEastern Front - surface

missiles and terrorism, including rockets and

mortars

Palestinian state

1. Conventional capabilities 2. Terrorism

Regions = securitySecurity =

demilitarization

1. Demilitarization for the exchange of strategic depth

2. International Presence

3. Warning stations4. Aerial space

Development of Israel's position in the negotiations regarding the permanent border

Anapolis7%

Taba

What is the Israeli stance

toward the old secure territories ?

What is the Israeli stance toward

strategic roads ?

Control over waters?

AirportLanding routes?

Israeli borders  Beyond the Green

LineJudea and Samaria324 thousand JewsIn 124 communities

East Jerusalem193 thousand JewsIn 12 neighborhoods

Total persons beyond the Green Line

517 thousand Jews

--1967 borders

Jewish settlements –

Jewish Infrastructure/farming –

area –

Palestinian village -Settlements that were evacuated in 2005 -

Rational

Israel

the west bank

Jerusalem

Territory and borders The Israeli proposal

85% ISRALIES

6.5% TERRITORIES

-1967 borders-The historical basin-Annexed territory to Israel 6.5%-Annexed territory to Palestine 5.8%-Jewish settlement that will be annexed to Israel-Jewish settlement outside of Israel’s borders-Palestinian village

Palestine (the west

bank)

IsraelJerusalem

Rational

Territory and borders

The Palestinian proposal

70-75%

ISRALIES 2 %

TERRIROTIES

-1967 borders-The historical basin-Annexed territory to Israel 2%-Annexed territory to Palestine 2%-Jewish settlement outside of Israel’s borders-Palestinian village

Israel

Palestine (the west

bank)

Jerusalem

Palestine (Gaza strip )

Rational

Two Capitals in Jerusalem

United Jerusalem(2010)

•126.4 KM

•500,000 JEWS (64%)

•)193,000 IN THE EASTERN SIDE(

•281,000 ARABS (36%)

The issue of Jerusalem

-1967 borders-Jerusalem municipal borders-Old city

-Israeli settlement

-Palestinian village -Jewish settlement

-Jewish infrastructure/ Agriculture

WEST BANKJerusalem

Israel

In many ways I think Jerusalem is advancing“ said Olmert and immediately altered “... I'm talking about West Jerusalem. I'm talking about neighborhoods where Jews live, even the parts that were not part of the city until 1967. Regarding other parts of Jerusalem, where no Jews live, there is no big change.

"I've reached very sad conclusions regarding Jerusalem's future as a united city.. No Israeli government, since the year of 67’, has made even the smallest effort to unite the city in the practical sense.

Even the government I led didn’t do everything in its power to turn Jerusalem to a united city. While we did invest in Jerusalem, we consciously invested in the western part of city, primarily the new neighborhoods like Har Homa, Pisgat Ze'ev, Ramot Gilo. We avoided from investing in territories that I believed were not going to be apart of Jerusalem under Israeli sovereignty. “

Ehud Olmert, May 2012

.

JerusalemIsraeli proposal

Israel

Jerusalem Palestine

-1967 borders-Municipal Borders of Jerusalem -The historical basin-Annexed territory to Israel 6.5%-Annexed territory to Palestine 5.8%-Jewish settlement that will be annexed to Israel-Jewish settlement outside of Israel’s borders-Palestinian village

JerusalemPalestinian Proposal

Israel

Jerusalem - Palestinian Proposal – Annapolis )2008(

1967 Borders

Jerusalem's municipal boundaries

The Old City

The historic basin

An attached territory to Israel

Palestine

An attached territory to Palestine

Israeli settlement

Jewish settlement

Jewish Industrial/Agriculture Zone

Palestinian settlement

Jerusalem

Bethlehem

GushEtzion

Ramallah

MountScopus

Giv'at Ze'ev

Efrat

קמ"ר2.5

60,000 Residents

• Palestinians - Demographic division

• Israel- International Management

Solution in the historic basinThe historic

basin

The Old City

1967 Borders

2.5 Square Kilometer

Jerusalem - The historic basin Annapolis )2008(

Jerusalem

The Old CityThe Temple Mount

Kidron Valley

Mount of Olives

Mount Zion

Gehenna

Refugees

Refugees Absorption

•Israel – 1000\5000 for 5 years•Palestinians – 10,000 for 10 years

•“It will be unreasonable to ask Israel to absorb 5 million refugees or even a million refugees”, says Abu Mazen. “The meaning of that will be the end of the state of Israel”.

Key Issues And Parameters for The Arrangement

• Borders – ’67 borders as a base (With territorial exchanges in ratio of 1:1)

• Security - demilitarization of the Palestinian state and ending the terror and violence.

• Jerusalem – dividing east Jerusalem to two capitals.

• Refugees - solving the refugee problem not by returning to Israel.

“I was within touching distance from a peace agreement. The Palestinians never rejected my proposals. And even if in the 1,000th time there will be factors that will try to claim that they rejected my proposals, the reality was different. They didn’t accept them, and there is a difference. They didn’t accept them because the negotiation didn’t end, it was almost done. If I was to stay prime minister for four-six more months, I believe that you could reach a peace agreement. The differences were very small, we reached the last stretch” Ehud Olmert, May 2012

Molcho and Erekat Conversation at Amman

TerritorySecurityIsrael•How many more Israelis

and less Palestinians under Israeli sovereignty

Israel will maintain a presence in the Jordan Valley for a certain time •Israel will annex the large

settlement blocs

•The border in Jerusalem will not be discussed

Palestinians •1967 borders as a base.•Demilitarization of the Palestinian state army and heavy weapons

•1:1 land swaps in the amount of 1.9%

•Placing an international force in the borders.

Demographic Forecast Percentage of Jews :

YearState of Israel(78%)

Land of Israel(100%)

201580.8%48.6%

203078.3%43.9%

205077%33%

What is the proposed alternative for the division?

The Religious Sect and The Recruited Religion

“There is no national or international law to change our position, our rights… The fate of these areas, according to Jewish law, as the Land of Israel under Jewish rule, and overall there is sovereignty, Jewish property and ownership..”

(Rabbi Goren, 1995)

“In term of pure religion… Every knowingly concession (of areas in Israel) is a intentional violation of the sanctity of the land and Covenant of the pieces” (The Chief Rabbis, 1937).

We Returned HomeWe Returned HomeHere, in Bet El 3,800 years ago the Here, in Bet El 3,800 years ago the Land of Israel was promised to the Land of Israel was promised to the

People of Israel by the Creator of the People of Israel by the Creator of the UniverseUniverse

By virtue of this promise we are living By virtue of this promise we are living today in Haifa, Tel Aviv, Shilo and today in Haifa, Tel Aviv, Shilo and

HevronHevron

“Under the wing of Islam, it is possible for the followers of the three major

religions - Islam, Christianity and Judaism - to coexist in peace and quiet with

each other. Peace and quiet would not be possible except under the wing of

Islam. Past and present history are the best witness to that” (The Hamas

Covenant, 1987).

“The land of Palestine is one unit that can’t be divided, there is no difference

between Haifa or Nablus, between Lod or Ramallah, and between Jerusalem

and Nazareth… the land of Palestine is a Waqf land consecrated for the

benefit of all Muslims, from east and from west. No one has the right to divide

it or give any part of it.”

(PA Radio, 1999)

The Religious Dimension and the Recruited Religion

We pray three times a day "and forecasts eyes return to Zion in mercy." We want to return to Israel. But the question if this whole land of Israel, or a half or a quarter of it is not a religious question. Our sources anywhere [...] No command of "one inch." On the contrary [...] is your responsibility here and now [...] reality in which you live. And if after all the horrors of the 20th century finally gathered here five million Jews, we are responsible for them [...]. I am totally against Christianity, it can kill and cause us to lose this country“.Yonatan Bassi 2005

"You come to the conclusion that in very difficult circumstances you must withdraw. But the withdrawal is made while internalizing that there is no other choice and without doubting your right. You say: It is my absolute right and justice is with me, but in this generation I do not have the power to exercise it. "

Ze'ev Hever, Zambish, before the disengagement in 2005

It is inconceivable that because of these precious places ... We shall give up the acquisition of new real options (meaning country) ... across the country we poured blood, we created spiritual values, built tombstones. However, we now face the possibilities to be a great power in the land, without getting our facilities and tombstones. We must find in us Potency moral decision. “

Moshe Sharett, Zionist Congress 1937

A non-Jewish state• “It is better that the Palestinians would be citizens of Israel, than to divide the country," Parliament Speaker Rivlin, May 2011.•"If Jordan was ready to absorb both territories and more population, it would have been much easier and natural. But Jordan does not agree. This is Why I say you can look at another option. An option for Israel to apply its law to Judea and Samaria and grant citizenship to a million and a half Palestinians" Moshe Arens, 2011

•Begin the process culminating in the Palestinians' Blue identity card, a yellow number, social security and the right to vote for the Knesset. “ Uri Elitzur, 2011

.•The "one country, in which the children of settlers and Palestinian child will be on the same bus together" Emily Amrousi, July 2010

Non democratic state•“If the Palestinian leadership will continue in the one-sided political disturbance, the Prim Minister must act on the same coin: Apply immediate sovereignty on all Jewish settlements in Yehuda and Samaria”. Parliament member Danon, April 2011

•You have turn to to a positive action ... to clarify that we are allowed to act unilaterally to declare the sovereignty of Judea and Samaria, or at least part of the territory )like the settlements territory(, depending on the majority we can get in the parliament ... swarm of sovereignty on the land and slowly move forward." )Parliament member Elkin, May 2011(

•"Israel will extend sovereignty over areas B and C in the West Bank, including all the Jewish settlements in the West Bank without any exception. Israel would allow the Palestinians in these areas to receive Jordanian - Palestinian national citizenship... in A, the IDF will continue to dominate in terms of security, in coordination with the Jordanian police “ Parliament member Orlev, 2011

•“The annexation should be done in stages, starting with the Jewish settlement. But the other half of the equation ... the Arab residents of Judea and Samaria will be Israeli residents and citizens of the Palestinian state in Jordan .... The day is close, when the Arab spring will come to the Kingdom of Jordan, and the king will rule over the Palestinian people. Thus they will have their own state. “Parliament member Eldad, 2011

• “The Anti Boycott Law and Inquiry committees are the first stage in a country that wishes to be ruled by a right-wing, because so people voted. And there is nothing more important to the public in Israel than the sovereignty, since it the most profound implementation of the people in Israel. We want sovereignty! .... This is something that will be politically possible only if a large popular movement will call the government to apply sovereignty to Judea and Samaria, and run counter to the media to pressure the left “

• The first step must be applied sovereignty over the territory C. 100,000 Palestinians live in Area C in Total , this is the whole story. Accommodate 100,000 Palestinians is something that Israel can certainly deal with. It will be a important test to the large application of sovereignty. "

• "... The one who does not accept the solution of the Jewish state can not be a citizen with political rights. "(Parliament member Hotobuely, June 2011)

• "They tell us there is an issue, two values collide: the land of Israel or democratic government. Do not even compare the two. Eretz Israel is a vision, it's a target, it's a goal. Democracy is a rule, the tool, we should not be confused here, the issue is simple. How can you even compare the land of Israel and a democratic government or other? "Jewish Katzover, July 2011

• Applying Israeli sovereignty unilaterally on Area C, providing blue identity cards to tens of thousands of West Bank residents and transfer of Gaza to Egypt” Naftali Bennett February 2012

201252.2% JEWS IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL82.3% JEWS IN THE STATE OF ISRAEL

Position of the international communityRecognition of the Palestinian people and their

right to an independent state within the 1967 borders with Israel

Palestinian offer

Expected changes?Nuclearization in the Middle East?Weakening of the U.S.?Arab world led by the Islamic movements?Hamas - the PLO?Zero increase - refugees?Jordan - alternative homeland?

Website WWW.SHAULARIELI.COM

"Israeli negotiations territorial aspect - Palestinian permanent status” Ron Pundak, Shaul Arieli, Rabin center 2004

"You've got great did not really see," Shaul Arieli, Carmel Publishing, 2006

"Injustice and Folly" Download site Floersheimer Institute, Shaul Arieli, Dubi Schwartz, Hadas Tagari, 2006

WWW.FIPS.ORG.IL

• “Homa Umihdal”, “aliat hagag publishing- Yediot books, Shaul Arieli and Michael Sfarad, 2008

"The right of thought”, Shaul Ariely, Download in the website, 2010

Shaul Ariely ,"People & Borders", Download in the website, 2010