Objectives: Students will explore the changes in society and in
cities that stimulated the beginning of the Renaissance. Students
will identify the ideas that formed the foundation of the Italian
Renaissance. Students will examine the contributions artists made
to the Renaissance. Main Idea In Italy the growth of wealthy
trading cities and new ways of thinking helped lead to a rebirth of
the arts and learning. This era became known as the Renaissance.
The Italian Renaissance
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Music Comparison Middle Ages and Renaissance AGNUS DEI XII
(ENGLISH ADAPTATION) Lamb of God, * you take away the sins of the
world : have mercy on us. Lamb of God, * you take away the sins of
the world : have mercy on us. Lamb of God, * you take away the sins
of the world : grant us peace. Pastime with good company I love and
shall until I die grudge who lust but none deny so God be pleased
thus live will I for my pastance hunt sing and dance my heart is
set all goodly sport for my comfort who shall me let youth must
have some dalliance of good or ill some pastance Company me thinks
then best all thoughts and fancies to digest. for Idleness is chief
mistress of vices all then who can say. but mirth and play is best
of all. Company with honesty is virtue vices to flee. Company is
good and ill but every man has his free will. the best ensue the
worst eschew my mind shall be. virtue to use vice to refuse thus
shall I use me. With Good Company Henry VIII (Modern English)
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Michelangelos painting was different from the art of the Middle
Ages, and only one way in which European society began changing
after the 1300s. 1300, Black Death, starvation, warfare had
overtaken Europe Catastrophic events, enormous loss of life may
have led to changes of the 1300sCatastrophic events, enormous loss
of life may have led to changes of the 1300s Decrease in population
led to: Increase in food production Decline in food prices More
money to spend Specialization in products Changes in Society Urban
areas specialized, particularly in Italy Italy divided into several
large city- states in north, various kingdoms, Papal States south
Catholic Church, nobles, merchants, artisans dominated society in
city- states Many sought to display new wealth with knowledge of
arts The Rise of City-States The Beginning of the Renaissance
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Milan, Florence Milan, west of Venice, based economy on
agriculture, silk, weapons Florence, to south, famous for banking,
cloth Monarchs appealed to Florentine bankers for money to fund
wars Merchants refined raw wool into fine cloth Bankers, merchants
created city to rival any in Europe Venice With access to sea,
Venice built economy, reputation on trade Had long history of
trading with other ports on Mediterranean Sea Shipbuilding
prospered, sailors traveled to Near East Wealthy Venetian merchants
built unique city, work of art
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Modern Renaissance Cities United Arab Emirates Shanghai,
China
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As the economy and society changed, new ideas began to appear.
This period of interest and developments in art, literature,
science and learning is known as the Renaissance, French for
rebirth. Venetian ships carried goods for trade and Greek scholars
seeking refuge Scholars brought ancient works thought to be lost
Inspiration from the Ancients Italians who could read looked for
more information Read Arabic translations of original texts
Searched libraries, found lost texts New World of Ideas As they
read, began to think about philosophy, art, science in different
ways Began to believe in human capacity to create, achieve
Different Viewpoints Renaissance Ideas
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Interest in ancient Greek, Roman culture Characteristics of
good education Scholastic education gave way to classics: rhetoric,
grammar, poetry, history, Latin, Greek Subjects came to be known as
humanities, movement they inspired known as humanism Humanists
emphasized individual accomplishment Humanities Humanism Ideal
Renaissance man came to be universal man, accomplished in classics,
but also man of action, who could respond to all situations. Best
Example Leonardo Da Vinci Renaissance Man
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUCfMDcT vHM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lY- qwLvfxSw
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Modern humanists/Renaissance people?
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Early 1500s life in Italy seemed insecure, precarious Church no
longer served as source of stability, peace Form of humanism
developed from Petrarchs ideas; focus was secular, was worldly
rather than spiritual Humanists argued that individual achievement,
education could be fully expressed only if people used talents,
abilities in service of cities. Service Secular Writers How to Act
Italian diplomat Baldassare Castiglione wrote book, The Courtier
Described how perfect Renaissance gentleman, gentlewoman should
act
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How to Rule Philosopher, statesman Niccol Machiavelli also
wrote influential book Experiences with violent politics influenced
opinions on how governments should rule in The Prince Machiavellian
advice seemed to encourage harsh treatment of citizens, rival
states Describes men as ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers
Advises rulers to separate morals from politics Power, ruthlessness
more useful than idealism Ruler must do whatever necessary to
maintain political power, even if cruel Machiavellis theory that
the end justifies the means deviated from accepted views of correct
behavior Idea that state an entity in itself, separate from its
ruler, became foundation for later political philosophy How we live
is so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what
ought to be done rather than what is done will learn the way to his
downfall rather than to his preservation. Niccol MachiavelliNiccol
Machiavelli
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Do the ends justify the means some famous examples
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Cohn, Bill. Closing Pandora's Box. Digital image. Prague Post.
N.p., 23 Apr. 2009. Web. 29 Oct. 2013..
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http://youtu.be/lb13ynu3Iac
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Scientific Information Humanists searched archives, Arab
translations for classical texts Discovered wealth of scientific
information Scientific Challenges Science soon became important
avenue of inquiry Churchs teachings about world were challenged,
particularly that Earth center of universe Natural World Focus of
Renaissance on human sciences, history, politics, geography New
ideas about natural world began to be explored also Earth, Sun
Nicholas Copernicus said Sun was center of universe Galileo Galilei
arrested by church officials for saying Earth orbited Sun Science
of the Renaissance
Slide 19
In a book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
(that was published as Copernicus lay on his deathbed), Copernicus
proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the Solar
System. Such a model is called a heliocentric system. The ordering
of the planets known to Copernicus in this new system is
illustrated in the following figure, which we recognize as the
modern ordering of those planets.
Slide 20
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Renaissance artists wanted to paint the natural world as
realistically as possible. The arts a reflection of the new
humanist spirit Medieval artistsidealized and symbolic
representations Renaissance artists depicted what they observed in
nature Renaissance Art
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Highly talented in all fields (renaissance man) His paintings
are still studied and admired Wrote out ideas, filling 20,000 pages
of notes His interests, enthusiasm boundless Studied anatomy Age
24, won fame with Piet, sculpture of Jesus mother Mary holding sons
dead body Sculpture communicates grief, love, acceptance,
immortality Michelangelo Marble statue of David Most famous
painting, artwork on ceiling of Sistine Chapel Scenes from Old
Testament considered one of greatest achievements in art history
Sculpture, Painting Leonardo da Vinci
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Leonardos handwriting
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Leonardo Da Vinci The Last Supper
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Vitruvian Man
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Leonardo Da Vincis The Virgin of the Rocks 1491-1508
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Mona Lisa, 1503 / 1506 Leonardo da Vinci
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Piet 1499 Marble, height 174 cm, width at the base 195 cm
Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican Michelangelo
Renaissance architecture reached height with work of Donato
Bramante Had already achieved fame when chosen architect of Rome
Design for St. Peters Basilica influenced appearance of many
smaller churches Bramante Raffaello Sanzio, became known as Raphael
Renowned painter, accomplished architect Most famous work, The
School of Athens, frescopainting made on fresh, moist plaster Also
well known for many paintings of the Madonna, mother of Jesus
Raphael Other Artists
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Raphael Madonna of the Meadow 1505
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Medieval times, anonymous artists who worked for church created
art Renaissance artists worked for whoever offered them highest
price Buyers of art, patrons, might be wealthy individuals, city
governments, or church Patrons of the Arts Wealthy individuals
competed, displaying wealth, modernity through purchase of artworks
Florence, Lorenzo de Medici supported most talented artists Milan,
ruling Sforza family benefactors of artists, others Competition
Among Patrons
Slide 38
Religious paintings focused on personality Humanist interest in
classical learning, human nature Building design reflected humanist
reverence for Greek, Roman culture Classical architecture favored
Classical Influence Studied perspective, represented three-
dimensional objects Experimented with using color to portray
shapes, textures Subject matter changed; artists began to paint,
sculpt scenes from Greek, Roman myths Artists Methods Styles and
Techniques
Slide 39
1.How did society and cities change in the 1300s? 2.What were
some important new ideas of the Renaissance? 3.What was the ideal
of Renaissance art?
Slide 40
Trade, the movement of artists and scholars, and the
development of printing helped spread Renaissance ideas north from
Italy. As cities grew, vast trading network spread across northern
Europe Network dominated by Hanseatic League, merchant
organization, 1200s to 1400s Protected members from pirates, other
hazards Built lighthouses, trained ship captains Trading Goods
Northern Europeans traded ideas, goods; spread Italian Renaissance
north Fleeing violence, Italian artists brought humanist ideas,
painting techniques north Northern scholars traveled to Italy,
brought ideas home Universities started in France, Netherlands,
Germany Trading Ideas The Renaissance Spreads North
Slide 41
Printing Press Mid-1400s, Johannes Gutenberg cast letters of
alphabet on metal plates, locked metal plates on wooden press;
perfected movable type printing Result, one of most dramatic
upheavals world has ever known Italics Gutenbergs first
publication, 1,282-page Bible Printers soon appeared in other
cities, made books quickly, inexpensively Explosion of printed
material quickly spread Renaissance ideas Printed Word Available to
More Before only way to reproduce writing was by hand; long,
painstaking process With movable type, text quickly printed;
producing books faster, cheaper Easier access to books prompted
more people to learn to read A Book Revolution
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Northern humanists expressed their own ideas Combined interests
of theology, fiction and history Created philosophical works,
novels, dramas, and poems Combined Christian ideas, humanism Wrote
of pure, simple Christian life, educating children Fanned flames of
discontent Roman Catholic Church censored, condemned works
Desiderius Erasmus Mores best-known work, Utopia, contains
criticisms of English government, society Presents vision of
perfect, non-existent society based on reason Sir Thomas More
Italian-born writer focused on role of women in society Grew up in
French court of Charles V; turned to writing when widowed
Championed equality, education for women Christine de Pisan
Philosophers and Writers
Slide 43
Use of language, choice of themes made plays appealing even to
uneducated Plays helped spread ideas of Renaissance to mass
audience Focused on lives of realistic characters, unlike morality
plays By Shakespeares death, 1616, London scene of thriving theatre
district Spread Renaissance Ideas Many believe English playwright
William Shakespeare greatest writer Plots not original, but
treatments of them masterful Deep understanding of human nature
Drew inspiration from ancient, contemporary literature Knowledge of
natural science, humanist topics expressed in plays William
Shakespeare Shakespeare and His Characters
Slide 44
Artists Like literary counterparts, northern European artists
influenced by Italian Renaissance Adopted Italian techniques Works
reflected more realistic view of humanity Italian artists tried to
capture beauty of Greek, Roman gods in paintings Northern artists
tried to depict people as they really were
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Johannes Vermee
Slide 47
1400s, German artist Albrecht Drer visited Italy On return,
used Italian techniques of realism, perspective Oil paintings
exhibit features unique to northern Renaissance Oils reproduced
textures; reflection of objects, scenes outside window Artists of
Netherlands developed own style, Flemish School Used technique
perfected by Jan van Eyck, 1400s Fused the everyday with religious;
lit candle represents Gods presence Flemish School 1500s, Pieter
Brueghel the Elder used Italian techniques Paintings showed scenes
from everyday peasant life Different from mythological scenes of
Italian paintings Everyday Life Drer and Others