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The Italian Research System
Mariano Anderle
Scientific Attache’
at the
Italian Embassy
9, Le Phung Hieu, Hoam Kiem
Hanoi, Viet Nam
www.marianoanderle.it
Portable: +84.912840009
Viet Nam
13° most populated country in the world: over 90 milions
Average age: 29 years
Students ranking in test PISA-OECD: 8° in science, 17° in math
Annual GDP growth rate 7%
ASEAN member and n.1 candidate for being the free exchange market
HUB of potentially 3 billion of people (Asean, India, Australia, New
Zeeland, China, Japan and South Korea)
Next 5 years program: 2% del GDP in R&D and 60 new high tech research
centres with a 5000 SME’s involved network
“There is nothing which can better deserve your
patronage, than the promotion of Science and
Literature. Knowledge is in every country the surest
basis of public happiness!”
“Non c’è niente di meglio che meriti la tua
sponsorizzazione che la promozione della Scienza
e della Letteratura. La Conoscenza in ogni paese è
la base più sicura per la felicità pubblica”
George Washington
Primo messaggio annuale al Congresso sullo Stato dell’Unione
First annual message to Congress on the State of the Union
January 8, 1790
W. H. Press, Science 342, 817 (2013)
GDP pro capite Base research funding
GDP and base research funding
Indicators Table
Source: Innovation Union Scoreboard, 2014
EU Member States’ innovation performance
Source: Innovation Union Scoreboard, 2014
…. performing below average
Italian Investments in S/T
Source: BES 2013, ISTAT, Banca d’Italia
Italy’s 2012 GERD was 1,21% of GDP
…corresponding roughly to 22 G€/year
Italy:
private sector = public sector
UK, F, D:
private sector > public sector
Lisbon Treaty, 2007
0,63
0,17
0,30
Trentino
technology leaders
developing countries
technology followers
STAFF EMPLOYED IN RESEARCH
Countries
Private sector Public
sector
Universities TOTAL
France 4,9 1,1 2,7 8,7
Germany 4,7 1,2 2,1 7,9
Italy 1,5 0,7 1,8 4,2
Spain 1,6 1,2 3,1 6,5
UK 3,0 0,3 5,2 8,6
Source: OECD, Main Science and Technology indicators dataset
Nr of researchers/1000 employed (average 2006-2010)
Average number of researchers over the reference period: 97.000 (public + private)
The number nearly doubles when accounting for all personnel involved in R&D
Increase by 27% over the previuos period. Other countries increased too!
Private sector figure is particularly low compared with leading countries DE, UK, FR
0.28
0.22
0.15
0.09
0.07
0.43
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
EDUCATION AND SOCIAL
SPACE
NON ORIENTED RESEARCH
GENERAL UNIVERSITY FUNDS
Budget Share
The Italian Research System
• The italian science and technology research system is rather
articulated and activities are distributed over a large number of
subjects, often with overlapping actions.
• Public S/T funding is also rather diversified stemming from different
governative sources.
• General objectives are set by the Ministry of Education, University and
Research – MIUR through the «Programma Nazionale della Ricerca –
PNR» which holds for three years.
The Italian Public Research System
• SMART SPECIALIZATION
STRATEGY (S3)
• NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR
RESEARCH
INFRASTRUCTURES (ESFRI)
• NATIONAL OPERATING PLAN
(PON)
PNR 2014-2020
+ 8.8 G€ from H2020 and 2.2 G€ from Eu Structural Funds through the «Programmi
Operativi Regionali - POR».
Totals 15.6 G€ to support industrial innovation, mainly.
The 12 Priority Sectors of
PNR 2014-2020
Source: MIUR
- AGRIFOOD
- AEROSPACE
- DESIGN &
CREATIVITY
- MADE IN ITALY
- SMART FACTORY
- BLUE MED
- GREEN
CHEMISTRY
- CULTURAL
HERITAGE
SECTORS WITH
IMMEDIATE
IMPACT ON
INDUSTRY
- SMART
COMMUNITIES
- TECHNOLOGIES
AND LIVING
ENVIRONMENT
- ENERGY
- MOBILITY AND
TRANSPORTATION
- HEALTH
SECTORS WITH
HIGH POTENTIAL
IMPACT
TRANSITION
SECTORS
TRADITIONAL
SECTORS
Budget in ST for the period 2013-2015 is rougly 2.8 G€/Y
68.4
14.4 5.9 4.7 2.9 2.1 1.4 0.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Source: Gov budget for the period 2013-2015
University funding is not included!
Public Funding Agencies
Research Organization under direct control of MIUR
€ 0
€ 100,000,000
€ 200,000,000
€ 300,000,000
€ 400,000,000
€ 500,000,000
€ 600,000,000
€ 700,000,000 AVERAGE PERIOD 2009-2011
Average yearly budget 1,68 G€; 32% ASI, 36% CNR, 17% INFN
Source: MIUR
NOTICE: the averagy yearly budget available to EPST and EPIC is 7 G€
The Italian Research System
Source: “Il Sistema della ricerca pubblica in Italia”, Banca d’Italia, 2014
- THE ITALIAN RESEARCH SYSTEM IS
CHARACTERIZED BY AN ELEVATED TENDENCY TO
HOMOGENEITY AND STANDARDIZATION
- THERE IS NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN
UNIVERSITIES FOCUSING MAINLY ON EDUCATION
AND THOSE FOCUSING MAINLY ON RESEARCH
- IN THE SAME WAY, THERE IS NO DISTINCTION
BETWEEN RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS FOCUSING
ON BASIC RESEARCH AND OTHER FOCUSING ON
APPLIED RESEARCH.
Funded by MIUR; 6,7 G€
(2013) of which ca 10%
dedicated to reserach
activities!
68 public Universities
11 private Universities
3 Polytechnics
Faculty:
13.890 Full Professors
15.810 Adj. Professors
23.743 Researchers
1.751.192 students (2012)
Universities
Source: http://statistica.miur.it/
Funded by MIUR: 0,92 G€/Y
7 Departments
109 Institutes
8.000 technical staff
4.000 young researchers
Established in 1923, it is the
largest research organization
in Italy
National Research Council - CNR
- Chemical Sciences and
Technology of Materials
(DSCTM)
- Physical Sciences and
Technologies of Matter
(DSFTM)
- Earth System Sciences and
Technologies for the
Environment (DTA)
- Agri-food and Biosciences
(DISBA)
- Biomedical Sciences (DSB)
- Engineering, ICT and
Technologies for Energy and
Transport (DIIET)
- Humanities, Social Sciences
and Cultural Heritage (DSU)
Research Departments
National Research Council - CNR
National Institute of Nuclear Physics - INFN
4 National Labs
20 Departments
10 Associated groups
3 National centers
2 Consortia
2037 employees, 84% engaged in
research activities
3764 associated researchers
240 M€ annual budget +
92 M€ for special projects
RESEARCH LINES
- Subnuclear Physics
- Astroparticle Physics
- Nuclear Physics
- Theroretical Physics
- Technological and Interdisciplinary
Research
It collaborates with research organizations specialized in
nuclear physics in 30 different countries; Fundamental
contribution of its researchers to the activity at CERN
Fabiola Giannotti, former ATLAS, now DG
Sergio Bertolucci, Director of Science
Paolo Giubellino, ALICE spokeperson
Tiziano Camporesi, CMS spokeperson
Pierluigi Campana, LHCb spokeperson
INFN @ CERN
National Institute of Nuclear Physics - INFN
Italian Space Agency - ASI
- Space abitability
- Medicine and biotechnology
- Satellite Navigation
- Earth Observation
- High Energy Astrophysics
- Cosmology and
Fundamental Physics
- Solar System Exploration
- Space Transportation
- Telecomunications
• 310 permanent staff (2012)
• 692 M€ annual budget (2012)
(370 M€ for ESA programmes)
Missions and Projects
• 3 Research Centres
Rome, Trapani, Matera
National Institute of Astrophysics - INAF
19 national Institutes
1 observatory in the Canaries
1400 staff supporting
research activity
Strong cooperation with ESA and ESO
Large experiments participated by INAF
- Very Large Telescope, VLT (ESO)
- Square Kilometer Array, AGILE,
- E-ELT Telescope, Beppo Sax,
- And…..many others
- Galaxies and
Cosmology
- Sun and Solar Systems
- Advanced Technologies
and Instrumentation
- Stars and Stellar
Populations and
Interstellar Medium
- Relativistic and Particle
Astrophysics
Under control by MIUR which provides funding for 91M€/Y
Area Science Park, Trieste
Operational since 1982, the AREA
Science Park was founded with the
initial aim of providing a link
between the business community
and the many high-level
international scientific institutions in
Trieste. It is now the most important
multisectorial science park in Italy
and one of the foremost in Europe.
AREA operates in the fields of life sciences, physics and nanotechnologies,
informatics and telcoms, energy and environment. It hosts several laboratories
within which the ELETTRA synchrotron facility. AREA acts as a technology park
offering spaces and facilities for private high innovative SMEs.
AREA IS UNDER DIRECT CONTROL BY MIUR WHICH
FUNDS ITS ACTIVITY WITH 21,3 M€/Y
Italian Institute of Technology - IIT
Funded by the Ministry of
Finances
832 staff of which 720
employed in research (2012)
110 M€ annual budget
- Advanced robotics
- Drug discovery
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences
- Nanochemisty
- Nanostructures
- Nanophysics
Istituto Superiore di Sanita’ - ISS
• Under direct control by the Ministry of
Health
• Annual budget of 170 M€ (2012)
• Staff of 1554 of which 585 employed in
research
The Institute conducts scientific
research in a wide variety of fields
from molecular and genetic research
to population-based studies of risk
factors for disease and disability.
Research priorities are based on
those set forth in the National Health
Plan.
Funded by
Ministry of
Agriculture
1400 staff
Budget 182 M€ (2012)
Council for Research in Agriculture - CRA
Funded by the Ministry of
Economic Development – MISE
Annual budget 285 M€
9 Research Centres
5 Research Laboratories
43 Pilot plants and test facilities
2775 permanent staff (2013)
National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and
Sustainable Economic Development - ENEA
Energy
Nuclear Tech.
Environment
Enabling Tech
ICT
Agrifood
Source: UK department of Business, Innovation and Skills. «International comparative performance 2013»
Output of Research Activities
Scientific publications
Share of articles and share of citation (world production)
Field weigthed citation impact Share of the world's highly-cited
articles (top 1% of the most cited
articles)
Source: UK department of Business, Innovation and Skills. «International comparative performance 2013»
Output of Research Activities
Scientific publications
Field weighted citation impact vs international coauthorship share
IT FR: 26.135
IT DE: 26.186
IT UK: 27.789
IT ES: 18.881
COAUTHORED
ARTICLES (2008)
Output of Research Activities
Scientific publications
Source: UK department of Business, Innovation and Skills. «International comparative performance 2013»
Nr. of articles per researcher
PRODUCTIVITY Nr. of citations per per researcher
Output of Research Activities
Scientific publications
Source: UK department of Business, Innovation and Skills. «International comparative performance 2013»
Nr. of articles per unit GERD Nr. of citations per unit GERD
Output of Research Activities
Scientific publications
Source: UK department of Business, Innovation and Skills. «International comparative performance 2013»
IP disclosures per unit GERD Startups/Spinoffs per unit GERD
Source: UK department of Business, Innovation and Skills. «International comparative performance 2013»
Output of Research Activities
IP and Startups 2010-11
Research Performances
….although the public research sector is investing less
than competing Countries, its output is more than
satisfying and the output quality (in terms of S/T
publications) is not very different from that in Countries
where investments are larger, i.e. FR, UK.
… the critical points, however, seems to be that the
italian research system eshibits a scarce attitude to the
application of results and collaboration with enterprises
who, in turn, suffer the difficulty of connecting their
research activities with the input coming from the public
research institutions.
Participation to EU FP7
Italy ranks at 4° placealso in
received fundings:
2.416 G€ in the period 2007-
2012, (EC database CORDA)
This corresponds to 8,43%
received funding to be
compared with 13.4% Italy’s
overall contribution to EU
budget
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Participation to EU calls in the period 2007 - 2013
1,983
3505
1,764
1,288
1,526
644
1026
549
284 240
676 591
467 416
331
DE UK FR IT ES FP7-PEOPLE FP7-IDEAS-ERC FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES
Participation to ERA calls in the period 2007 - 2013
Scientific Attache’ Italian Embassy in Hanoi
Thanks for your attention
