CH 12/13: The Roaring 20’sThe Jazz Age, the Gilded Age

After WWI…US went back to IsolationismNativism rose

Red Scare: People afraid Communism would overthrow the government

Quota System: Legislation that set a limit on how many immigrants from a certain country could enter the US every year

Roaring 20’s: time of widespread change in society and the economy

President HardingA troubled Presidency

Became President after Woodrow Wilson

Teapot Dome Scandal: One of his cabinet members sold federal oil reserves to an Oil company

Tariffs: Passed high taxes on foreign goods to protect American businesses. However, this prevented other countries from making enough money to pay back the US after WWI

President CoolidgeFriend of Big

BusinessDid not

interfere: Laissez faire

Presided over one of the most economically successful periods of US history

Roaring 20’s!People’s incomes increased 35%America owned 40% of the World’s

wealthCities Expanded and Businesses

grew astronomically Mass Production of goods made

modern conveniences affordable to almost everyone and created a national culture (appliances, cars, radio, motion pictures.)

Not everyone RoaredAgriculture based jobs decreased and were paid less money

Expensive machinery to boost production

Overproduction of crops due to increased efficiency made prices go down so they ended up losing money

Suffrage: The 19th Amend.The Perfect 36: the amount of states needed

to pass the 19th amendment which would give women the right to vote (gender no longer mattered)

Anne Dallas Dudley: Established the first woman suffrage organization in TN

Harry Burn: State representative that fought for 19th Am. in TN

Albert Roberts: Governor of TN when 19th Am. was passed

FundamentalismChristian movement that involved a literal

interpretation of the BibleRejected Evolution

Scopes Trial (1925)- High School teacher in TN (John Scopes) taught evolution despite a TN law against teaching it (religion vs science)

Clarence Darrow faced William Jennings Bryant to determine the fate of evolution in schools

Bryant won, but Darrow was able to get him to admit he did not always follow a literal interpretation of the Bible (blow for Fundamentalism)

AccomplishmentsCharles Lindberg-First solo flight

across the Atlantic The Jazz Singer-First major film with

soundF. Scott Fitzgerald-Great Gatsby:

detailed life in the Jazz AgeBessie Smith-Empress of the Blues,

sold a million recordings

Harlem RenaissanceLiterary and artistic movement

celebrating African American culture (outside of Harlem too)

Increase in appreciation for AA writing, music (jazz), and other forms of culture

Led by well-educated, middle-class AA who expressed a new found pride in their culture

Writers: Claude McKay-poetry of black ghettos

Langston Hughes: Poetry of working class AA

JazzCame from New OrleansSpread to Chicago in 1918 with the Creole Jazz Band

Louis Armstrong-Joined the band in 1922 and became famous for his Trumpeting

“Duke” Ellington: Played piano and composed some of the best Jazz music

Prohibition leads to Organized Crime

18TH Amendment-Prohibited the sale and making of alcohol

People still wanted it so crime organizations arose to illegally sell alcohol.

Organized Crime-Group of criminals with a central boss or authority

Speakeasies-hidden saloons that sold alcohol

Bootleggers-people who smuggled/transported alcohol

Al Capone-Notorious crime boss

Problems with EconomyUneven RichesBuying on CreditHigh TariffsBuying on Margin

Stock Market CrashesDow Jones Industrial Average

Prices dropped steadily in 1929

Crashed in 1929: signaled the beginning of the Great Depression

The Great DepressionThe U. S. slid into an economic Depression over the next two years

The Depression was characterized by unemployment and overproduction of goods