The Jere Beasley Report, Apr. 2010

8/9/2019 The Jere Beasley Report, Apr. 2010

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Lostroautbl tk kvbr >> suasmroabrs bjmc gkhtc

www.AbjsibyJiibh.mkg

Jproi 1>:>


2/40


3/40 www.DrAjsiyQprt.mg =

jt ibjst j 2>-gpc rbjr-bhl mrjsc. \ckusjhls

k` iovbs cjvb abbh sjvbl js j rbsuit.

^brcjps tcb abst bxjgpib k` ckw j mjr-

gjfbr jhl HC\]J, cjvohe fhkwh jakut j

gkst sbrokus sj`bty prkaibg jhl stoii `joiohe

tk skivb ot, ohvkivbs tcb gjssovb sj`bty prka-

ibgs hkw abohe rbvbjibl jt \kyktj. \cb

sullbh jmmbibrjtokh ossub, wcomc cjs

mjusbl j erbjt hugabr k` lbjtcs jhl

rbsuitbl oh gjssovb rbmjiis, wjs fhkwh aktcay tcb mjrgjfbr jhl HC\]J `kr sbvbrji

ybjrs . _bt, hktcohe wjs lkhb ay botcbr tk

jllrbss jhl skivb tcb prkaibg. Hkw \kyktj

woii ab `krmbl tk lk wcjt ot sckuil cjvb

lkhb ybjrs jek tk rbskivb tcb sj`bty prka-

ibgs jhl jisk tk oh`krg tcb puaiom k` wcjt

tcby sckuil cjvb fhkwh sbvbrji ybjrs jek.

Abh Fbiiby, wck wkrfbl `kr tcb R.].

Lbpjrtgbht k` \rjhspkrtjtokh jhl os rbmke-

hozbl js j pokhbbr oh gktkr vbcomib sj`bty

rbsbjrmc jt tcb coeciy-rbspbmtbl Ohsurjhmb

Ohstotutb `kr Coecwjy ]j`bty, cjl tcos tk sjy4

\cb mkurts tcbh (j`tbr skgb bjriy ioto-

ejtokh) abmjgb j gumc gkrb jmtovb

pijmb `kr îjohto``s jhl tcbor jttkr-

hbys tk mkgb wotc mijogs k` ohdury

mjusbl ay ohsu`òmobht mrjsc-wkrtco-

hbss lbsoeh. Lurohe tcb :?5>s jhl

:?3>s, iotoejtokh wjs wjtmcbl

fbbhiy ay gjhu`jmturbrs jhl rbeuij-

tkrs js j fohl k` bjriy wjrhohe

systbg kh sj`bty lb`bmts.

_ku mjh trjmb tcb prkerbss oh vbcomib

lbsoeh sj`bty, js tcb rbsuit k` iotoejtokh, tcjtcjs abbh gjlb abeohhohe oh tcb :?5>s roect

up tk tcb prbsbht rbijtohe tk lbsoeh mcjhebs

oh mjrs, ]RPs jhl trumfs. ]umc tcohes js

ogprkvbl sbjt abit systbgs jhl sbjt ajmfs

oh vbcomibs, wcomc wbrb tcb lorbmt rbsuit k`

ijwsuots ohvkivohe lbjtc kr losjaiohe ohdu-

robs, cjvb gjlb vbcomibs sj`br. Jii k` tcos os

wcy ot‟s mrotomjiiy ogpkrtjht tk prbsbrvb j

`jor jhl ohlbpbhlbht mkurt systbg oh tcos

mkuhtry.

]kurmb4 Iks Jhebibs \ogbs

OO.

@BJ\RQBL MJ]B

K@ \CB GKH\C

@KQ \CB @OQG

D RQ_ JUJQL] $1.52 G OIIOKH O H B SÎKQBQ Q KIIKPBQ M J]B

Kh @roljy Gjrmc :1, 1>:>, kur òrg

katjohbl j $1.52 goiiokh vbrlomt `kr kur

miobhts jejohst @krl Gktkr Mkgpjhy oh j

wrkheùi lbjtc jmtokh rbijtbl tk lb`bmts oh

tcb :??? @krl Bxpikrbr. Kh Duiy 11, 1>>5,

Mjtcbrohb ̂ jrfbr wjs lrovohe cbr :??? @krl

Bxpikrbr wcbh tcb vbcomib wbht kut k`

mkhtrki jhl rkiibl kvbr tcrbb togbs. Js j

rbsuit k` j pkkriy lbsoehbl rkk` jhl sbjt

abit systbg, Gs. ^jrfbr wjs pjrtojiiy bdbmtbl

jhl rbmbovbl `jtji ohdurobs. Ub òibl suot oh

tcb Mormuot Mkurt k` Gkhtekgbry Mkuhty,

Jijajgj. Jejohs t @krl jiibeohe tcjt tcb

Bxpikrbr wjs hkt mrjscwkrtcy abmjusb k` j

wbjf rkk` jhl j sbjt abit systbg tcjt wkuil

hkt rbtjoh kmmupjhts oh tcb vbcomib lurohe j

rkiikvbr.

\cb bvolbhmb jt troji prbsbhtbl ay kur

rkk` bxpbrt, ]tbvb @krrbst, sckwbl tcjt Gs.

^jrfbr‟s :??? vbcomib wjs j tcorl ebhbrjtokh

Bxpikrbr fhkwh ohtbrhjiiy jt @krl js tcb

RH:2>. \cb RH:2> wjs prklumbl ay @krl

abtwbbh tcb ybjrs :??3 jhl 1>>:. @krl

mijogbl tcjt tcb rkk` strumturb gbt tcb

gohogug @blbrji Gktkr Pbcomib ]j`bty ]tjh-ljrl 1:0 wcomc khiy rbquorbs tcjt j rkk`

wotcstjhl :.2 togbs tcb wboect k` tcb

vbcomib. (Qbmbhtiy, HC\]J `kuhl tcos stjh-

ljrl tk ab ohjlbqujtb jhl cjs ohmrbjsbl ot

tk tcrbb togbs tcb wboect k` tcb vbcomib.)

Aut, prokr tk prklumtokh k` tcb RH:2>, @krl

hbvbr jmtujiiy tbstbl j RH:2> `kr mkgpio-

jhmb wotc j @GP]] 1:0. Ohstbjl, @krl usbl

tbstohe tcjt cjl abbh lkhb kh tcb prbvokus

ebhbrjtokh k` Bxpikrbr (tcb RH:>2) jhl

bheohbbrohe dulegbht tk lbtbrgohb tcjt

tcb rkk` strumturb k` tcb RH:2> wkuil pjss

@GP]] 1:0. Oh rbjioty, sox ohmcbs k` stbbi

rboh`krmbgbht cjl abbh rbgkvbl `rkg tcb

`rkht lkkr wohlkw `rjgb `kr tcb RH:2>

wcomc wjs j suastjhtoji rblumtokh. \cos

rblumtokh oh rboh`krmbgbht jmtujiiy

rblumbl tcb strbhetc k` tcb rkk` ay tbh tk

:1%.

J`tbr tcb RH:2> wbht ohtk prklumtokh,

\og Mcbh, j @krl bheohbbr, mkhlumtbl jh

@GP]] 1:0 mbrtoòmjtokh tbst kh tcb RH:2>.

\cb Bxpikrbr `joibl tcb @GP]] 1:0 tbst. Gr.

Mcbh abejh j òvb-gkhtc ohvbstoejtokh tk

lbtbrgohb wcy tcb RH:2> pbr`krgbl sk

pkkriy. Rh`krtuhjtbiy, Gr. Mcbh wjs hbvbr

gjlb jwjrb k` tcb rblumtokh k` tcb rboh-

`krmbgbht stbbi oh tcb `rkht lkkr wohlkw

`rjgb. Cb rjh j sbmkhl tbst jhl tcb RH:2>

jejoh pbr`krgbl pkkriy jhl ajrbiy pjssbl

@GP]] 1:0. Oh krlbr tk katjoh pjssjeb kh

@GP]] 1:0, @krl jitbrbl tcb wboecthugabrs jsskmojtbl wotc tcb tbst oh krlbr

tk ebt tcb vbcomib tk pjss. Jt troji, @krl‟s

rkk` bxpbrt lol hkt cjvb Gr. Mcbh‟s tbstohe

oh cbr òib jhl mijogbl ot wjs j prktktypb

tbst jhl sckuil hkt ab mkhsolbrbl. Ohstbjl,

@krl‟s bxpbrt rbiobl kh tcb tbstohe mkh-

lumtbl kh tcb RH:>2 tk mijog tcb RH:2>

wjs sj b̀.

]tbvb @krrbst mkhlumtbl sbvbrji lrkp

tbsts sckwohe tcb pbr`krgjhmb k` tcb prk-

lumtokh jhl rboh`krmbl RH:2> @krl

Bxpikrbr. Cb wjs jaib tk bstjaiosc tcrkuec

tcjt tbstohe tcjt tcb strbhetc k` tcb

Bxpikrbr rkk` mkuil cjvb abbh tropibl `kr j

mkst k` jpprkxogjtbiy $. Cos tbstohe

sckwbl tcjt j rboh`krmbl rkk` oh Gs. ^jrf-

br‟s wrbmf wkuil cjvb mruscbl jpprkxo-

gjtbiy twk ohmcbs ohstbjl k` tbh ohmcbs.

Ub jisk prkvbl tcjt tcb sbjt abit systbg

oh tcb :??? Bxpikrbr wjs lb`bmtovb jhl

`joibl tk rbtjoh Gs. ^jrfbr oh tcb vbcomib

lurohe tcb rkiikvbr sbqubhmb. \cb bvolbhmb

prbsbhtbl sckwbl tcjt sijmf mkuil ab ohtrk-

lumbl ohtk tcb abit systbg wcbh tcb A

poiijr wjs mruscbl ohwjrl. îjohto``‟s bxpbrt,]tbvb Gbybr, tbstoòbl tcjt lub tk tcb pkkr

rkk` lbsoeh, tcb sbjt abit systbg sckuil

cjvb ohmiulbl j mohmcohe ijtmc pijtb kr

abbh ohtberjtbl ohtk tcb sbjt ajmf ohstbjl

k` abohe gkuhtbl tk tcb A poiijr. Gr. Gbybr

jisk tbstoòbl tcjt pbr`krgjhmb k` tcb sbjt

abit mkuil ab ogprkvbl o` tcb rkk` wjs

strbhetcbhbl.

\cb dury oh tcos mjsb tkkf j mkurjebkus

stbp ay òhlohe tcb :??? Bxpikrbr lb`bmtovb.

\cos vbrlomt sckuil sbhl j gbssjeb tk @krl

Gktkr Mkgpjhy tcjt ot sckuil hkt lbsoeh

ots rkk` strumturbs lkwh tk tcb gohogug

`blbrji strbhetc rbquorbgbhts k` :.2 togbs

tcb wboect k` tcb Bxpikrbr. J rkk` lbsoehbl

tk khiy j :.2 strbhetc tk wboect rjtok os

tktjiiy ohjlbqujtb. Ot‟s j scjgb tcjt `kifs

lkh‟t cjvb jhy wjy k` fhkwohe tcb rkk`

strbhetc k` tcbor vbcomibs. Ohstbjl, tcby cjvb

tk rbiy kh tcb gjhu`jmturbr‟s wkrl. @krl

mijogs tcb qujioty k` ots rkk` lbsoeh os ekkl,

aut oh rbjioty ot‟s hkt. \cb trjeom rbsuits oh


4/40< www.AjsiyJiih.mg

tcos mjsb jrb tcb rbsuit k` j mkrpkrjtb strjt-

bey tk ohmrbjsb prkòts jt tcb bxpbhsb k`

mkhsugbr sj`bty. Kur òrg cjs j hugabr k`

sogoijr rkk`-mrusc mjsbs murrbhtiy pbhlohe

wotc tcb bxjmt sjgb lb̀ bmt. Erbe Jiibh, Mkib

^krtos, jhl Abh Ajfbr `rkg kur òrg trobl

tcb mjsb `kr tcb `jgoiy jhl lol j vbry ekkl

dka.***LQRE GJHR@JM\RQBQ] IO\OEJ-

\OKH

^ @OTBQ \ K ^ J_ $:5. \cb Mkuhty sjol

tcjt abmjusb Eijxk‟s Jvjhloj jlvbrtosohe

mjgpjoeh wjs jogbl jt lojabtoms, wck jrb

mijssoòbl js losjaibl uhlbr Mjio`krhoj ijw,

tcby jrb sbbfohe tropib ljgjebs. Ot woii ab

ohtbrbstohe tk sbb ckw tcos iotoejtokh prk-erbssbs jhl wcbtcbr ktcbr stjtb jhl ikmji

ekvbrhgbhts òib suot.

]kurmb4 Jsskmojtbl ^rbss

JI^CJQGJ \ K ^ J_ $0. \cb suot jiibebl tcjt

Jipcjrgj gos rbprbsbhtbl tcb sj`bty k`

Fjlojh jhl pjol lkmtkrs tk prbsmroab tcb

gblomohb `rkg 1>>> tcrkuec 1>>3. \khy

Ubst, Jssostjht Jttkrhby Ebhbrji `kr tcb

Dustomb Lbpjrtgbht‟s movoi lovosokh, cjl tcos

tk sjy4 ’Oiibeji gjrfbtohe k` pcjrgjmbutomji

lrues dbkpjrlozbs tcb puaiom‟s mkhòlbhmb

oh kur cbjitc-mjrb systbg.‗

O tktjiiy jerbb wotc Gr. Ubst‟s stjtbgbht.

Ub ajliy hbbl tk mibjh up tcb systbg. \cb

gkhby `kr tcb sbttibgbht woii ab lovolbl

jgkhe tcb `blbrji ekvbrhgbht jhl tcb

stjtbs. Lbarj ^jrfs, tcb pbrskh wck òibl

tcb ijwsuot oh 1>>0, woii rbmbovb j pkrtokh k`

tcb sbttibgbht js j wcostibaikwbr uhlbr tcb

`blbrji ijw.

]kurmb4 Ujii ]trbbt Dkurhji

JHK\CBQ E ROI\_ ^ IBJ O H M QOGOHJI M J]B

Kur òrg murrbhtiy cjs j movoi ijwsuot oh

Jijajgj jejohst Btcbx Mkrpkrjtokh jhl FP

^cjrgjmbutomji Mkgpjhy (FP^) ohvkivohe

tcb lbjtc k` j pbrskh wck tkkf j prbsmrop-

tokh gblomjtokh gjhu`jmturbl ay Btcbx. Oh

@barujry k` tcos ybjr, FP^, tcb pjrbht

mkgpjhy k` Btcbx, jhhkuhmbl ot cjl

rbjmcbl j sbttibgbht jerbbgbht, suadbmt tk

mkurt jpprkvji, wotc tcb Rhotbl ]tjtbs Jttkr-

hby `kr tcb Bjstbrh Lostromt `kr Gosskuro jhltcb K`òmb k` Mkhsugbr Iotoejtokh `kr tcb

Rhotbl ]tjtbs Lbpjrtgbht k` Dustomb. \cos

jerbbgbht“o` jpprkvbl“woii rbskivb j

mrogohji ohvbstoejtokh rbejrlohe mbrtjoh

jmtovotobs k` Btcbx Mkrpkrjtokh.

Btcbx Mkrpkrjtokh os tcb ebhbrom pcjrgj-

mbutomji jhl lostroautokh suasolojry k` FP^.

Rhlbr tcb tbrgs k` tcos sbttibgbht, Btcbx

woii pibjl euoity tk mrogohji mcjrebs jhl

woii ab rbquorbl tk pjy j òhb jhl rbstotutokh

k` $12.3 goiiokh. Btcbx jisk woii hkt mkhtbst

jh jlgohostrjtovb `kr`boturb k` $:.3 goiiokh.Btcbx Mkrpkrjtokh woii pibjl euoity tk twk

`bikhy mkuhts `kr `joiurb oh 1>>3 tk òib òbil

jibrts `kr tcb lrues Lbxtrkjgpcbtjgohb

jhl ^rkpj`bhkhb.

Oh ioect k` tcb pibj jhl iofbiy bxmiusokh k`

Btcbx `rkg pjrtomopjtokh oh ekvbrhgbhtji

prkerjgs, tcb mkgpjhy cjs bibmtbl tk stkp

jii kpbrjtokhs k` Btcbx oh tcb ùturb. Ot

jppbjrs tcjt FP^ os stbppohe up tk tcb

pijtb jhl tjfohe ots gblomohb `rkg tcb

`blbrji ekvbrhgbht oh tcb mrogohji gjttbrs.

Kur òrg ckpbs tk gjfb tcbg lk tcb sjgb

tcohe oh kur movoi mjsb oh Jijajgj. O` yku

cjvb qubstokhs jakut tcos gjttbr, yku mjh

mkhtjmt Qkebr ]gotc, j ijwybr oh kur òrg, jt

Qkebr.]gotcNabjsibyjiibh.mkg kr ay pckhb

jt 3>>-3?3-1>=


5/40 www.DrAjsiyQprt.mg 2

Q KMCB @ OIB] $2, 1>>?, tcb

Rhotbl ]tjtbs ]uprbgb Mkurt cbjrl krji

jreugbht oh tcb mjsb (Gbrmf & Mk., Ohm., bt

ji. v. Qbyhkils, bt ji., Hk. >3-?>2) kvbr tcb

ossub js tk wcbh tcb stjtutb k` iogotjtokhs

abeohs tk ruh `kr sbmurotobs `rjul mijogs.

\cb ]uprbgb Mkurt os bxpbmtbl tk ossub j

lbmosokh lurohe tcos tbrg, wcomc bhls oh Duhb.

Oh tcb sbmurotobs `rjul mijss jmtokh, îjoh-

to`` scjrbckilbrs, ohmiulohe tcb ûaiom

Bgpikybbs‟ Qbtorbgbht ]ystbg k` Gossos-

soppo (Mk-Ibjl îjohto``), jiibeb tcjt tcb

Lb`bhljhts ossubl puaiom stjtbgbhts tcjt

gosrbprbsbhtbl tcbor trub abiob`s mkhmbrh-

ohe tcb mjrlokvjsmuijr sj`bty prkòib k`

Pokxx, jhl tcjt tcb trjlohe promb k` Gbrmf

sbmurotobs lrkppbl scjrpiy wcbh tcb trutc

wjs losmiksbl tk ohvbstkrs. Ub jrb eijl tk

gjfb tcos mkrrbmtokh js rbqubstbl. Ub wjht

jii k` tcb oh`krgjtokh oh tcb Qbpkrt tk ab

mkgpibtbiy jmmurjtb jhl rberbt tcos gostjfb.

O jpprbmojtb tcb Gossossoppo Jttkrhby Ebhbr-

ji‟s k`òmb aroheohe tcos gjttbr tk kur jttbh-

tokh jhl rbqubstohe tcb mkrrbmtokh.

OOO.

^RQBI_ ^KIO\OMJI

HBU] & POBU]

\ CB R ]B K @ @ BJQ O H M JG^JOEH]

O cjvb kasbrvbl kvbr tcb ybjrs tcjt gkrb

`kifs vktb oh bibmtokhs jejohst skgbtcohe

tcby mkhsolbr ajl rjtcbr tcjh vktohe `kr j

ekkl tcohe. O suspbmt tcjt cjs skgbtcohe tk

lk wotc cugjh hjturb jhl jisk tcb tkhb k`

mjgpjoehs. \cb `bjr k` skgbtcohe jisk

`jmtkrs ohtk tcb vktbrs‟ lbmosokh-gjfohe.

Qbmbhtiy, tcb Qbpuaiomjh Hjtokhji Mkggot-

tbb (QHM) cbil j trjohohe sbssokh oh @ikrolj

tcjt ohvkivbl tbjmcohe pkiotomji kpbrjtovbs

ckw tk rjosb aoe aumfs `kr EK^ mjhloljtbs.

\cb QHM ijol kut ots spbmoòm pijhs `kr ùhl-

rjosohe jt tcos gbbtohe.

Jppjrbhtiy, tcb pjrty akssbs abiobvb tcby

mjh smjrb tcbor lkhkr ajsb ohtk `krfohe kut

cueb sugs k` gkhby tcrkuec jh jeerbssovb

mjgpjoeh mjpotjiozohe kh `bjr k` ^rbsolbht

Kajgj jhl j prkgosb tk sjvb tcb mkuhtry

`rkg cbjlohe ohtk skmojiosg. \cb pkwbr

pkoht prbsbhtjtokh usbl jt tcb gbbtohe

wjsh‟t suppksbl tk ab gjlb puaiom. Hkt

khiy lol tcb prbsbhtbrs tjif jakut usohe `bjr

tk rjosb gkhby, aut jisk losmussbl jppbjiohe

tk tcb beks k` wbjitcy mkhtroautkrs. \cb

qubstokh wjs put tk tcb erkup4 ’wcjt mjh

yku sbii wcbh yku lk hkt cjvb tcb Ucotb

Ckusb, tcb Ckusb, kr tcb ]bhjtb;‗ \cb

jhswbr wjs tk smjrb `kifs jakut tcb ^rbso-

lbht jhl skmojiosg.

@ BLBQJI E QJHL D RQ_ M IK]B] F OHE O HPB]\OEJ\OKH

Jijajgj Jttkrhby Ebhbrji \rky Fohe

wjs oh`krgbl ijs t gkhtc tcj t j `blbrj i

erjhl dury ohvbstoejtokh k` cog jhl cos

k`òmb cjs abbh miksbl. R.]. Jttkrhby Dkymb

Pjhmb k` tcb Hkrtcbrh Lostromt k` Jijajgj

oh`krgbl \rky‟s ijwybrs tcjt tcb ohvbstoej-

tokh cjl abbh mkhmiulbl jhl tcb erjhl

dur y jldkurhbl. \rky jhl cos wo`b ^joeb

gbt wotc gbgabrs k` tcb hbws gbloj tk

losmuss tcb lo`òmuitobs ’gjhy gkhtcs kòhtbhsb smrutohy‗ jhl j ’prktrjmtbl ohvbsto-

ej t okh‗ cjl mjusbl c og jhl c o s

`jgoiy. \rky cjl tcos tk sjy4

Ucoib tcos cjs abbh j ikhe jhl k`tbh

strbssùi prkmbss, O hbvbr wjvbrbl oh tcb

fhkwibleb tcjt O cjvb mkhlumtbl gysbi`

jhl tcb coec k`òmb O ckil oh jh ckhkrjaib

jhl btcomji `jscokh, jhl oh jmmkrljhmb wotc

tcb ijw. Ckilohe tcos k`òmb rbquorbs j

pbrskh tk lbgkhstrjtb mkurjeb, skgbtogbs

bvbh stjhlohe up tk tcb pkwbrùi, skgb-

togbs jt erbjt mkst. Lkohe roect cjs jiwjysmjrrobl j mkst tckuec. Ckilohe tcb k`òmb k`

tcb jttkrhby ebhbrji kr R.]. Jttkrhby os j

pksotokh k` sjmrbl trust. J prksbmutkr os

vbstbl wotc khb k` tcb coecbst mjiiohes oh

prbsbrvohe kur `rbblkg jhl upckilohe kur

sbhsb k` dustomb, aut tcjt jutckroty jhl

rbspkhsoaoioty mjh jisk ab gosusbl jhl

jausbl o` ot ekbs uhmcbmfbl. O` tcb pbrskh

ckilohe sumc jh k`òmb sbts kut tk sbttib

pkiotomji smkrbs, tcb vbry pkwbrs tcjt

prktbmt jhl lb`bhl mjh jisk lbstrky rbputj-

tokhs jhl curt ohhkmbht pbkpib.

Gjhy kasbrvbrs jrkuhl Gkhtekgbryabiobvb tcos ohvbstoejtokh wjs pkiotomjiiy

gktovjtbl. Ucbtcbr tcjt‟s trub kr hkt gjy

hbvbr ab fhkwh. Qbejrlibss, ot‟s òhjiiy kvbr

jhl tcjt‟s ekkl hbws `kr \rky jhl cos `jgoiy.

Oh gy kpohokh, ot‟s jisk ekkl hbws `kr tcb

pbkpib k` Jijajgj.


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] \QJHEB JMMR]B] \ CB J\\KQHB_ E BHBQJI K @ \ JFOHE E JGAIOHE G KHB_

Iutcbr ]trjheb, tcb ijwybr-ikaayost, cjs

jmmusbl \rky Fohe‟s mjgpjoeh k` tjfohe

mkhtroautokhs `rkg ejgaiohe ohtbrbsts,

ohmiulohe mjsohk kpbrjtkrs jhl sikt

gjmcohb gjhu`jmturbrs. Iutcbr, wck rjh j

vbry pkkr rjmb oh 1>>0 jejohst Dog @kiskg

`kr It. Ekvbrhkr, gjlb tcbsb mcjrebs jakuttcb sjgb togb hbws cot tcb strbbts kh tcb

erjhl dury eovohe \rky Fohe j mibjh aoii k`

cbjitc. Aut O‟g surb tcb togohe wjs dust j

mkohmolbhmb. \rky cjs lbhobl tjfohe jhy

gkhby `rkg ejgaiohe ohtbrbsts.


\ QK_ F OHE \ JFB] K PBQ E JGAIOHE \ J]F @ KQMB

Jttkrhby Ebhbrji \rky Fohe jhhkuhmbl

ijst gkhtc tcjt cb wjs tjfohe mkhtrki k` tcbEkvbrhkr‟s \jsf @krmb kh Ejgaiohe jhl

sjol cb wjs losgossohe Dkch \yskh Dr. Js tjsf

`krmb mkggjhlbr. \cb Jttkrhby Ebhbrji

ohstotutbl j ’tbgpkrjry gkrjtkroug kh

rjols‗ k` Jijajgj mjsohks jhl sjol cb wkuil

jsf Jijajgj mkurts tk lbmolb, tcrkuec

lbmijrjtkry dulegbhts, wcbtcbr tcb ejg-

aiohe gjmcohbs jt sumc vbhubs jrb ibeji. Aut

\yskh, wck sbbgs tk ab bhdkyohe tcb iogb

ioect, rbùsbl tk eovb up mkhtrki, jhl jt

prbss togb tcos gjttbr wjs stoii up oh tcb jor.

Ub jppbjr tk cjvb j mkhstotutokhji mrosos kh

kur cjhls. Bvbhtujiiy, tcb Jijajgj ]uprbgb

Mkurt woii cjvb tk lbmolb tcos vbry ogpkr-

tjht ossub.

\rky cjs mrotomozbl tcb tjsf `krmb‟s

jttbgptbl ijreb-smjib, prb-ljwh rjols k`

ejgaiohe vbhubs tcrkueckut Jijajgj jhl

cjs sjol tcjt sk-mjiibl bibmtrkhom aohek

gjmcohbs gjy ab ibeji. Kh tcb ktcbr cjhl,

Ekv. Qoiby cjs lb`bhlbl tcb rjols jhl gjoh-

tjohs tcjt tcb gjmcohbs“wcomc cb sjys

ikkf jhl pijy gumc iofb sikts“jrb oiibeji

jhl jrb jejohst tcb ijw.

Aorgohecjg Mormuot Duleb Qkabrt Pjhmbcjl prbvokusiy ruibl tcjt tcb Jttkrhby

Ebhbrji cjl tcb jutckroty tk tjfb kvbr tcb

tjsf `krmb. \cos qubstokh os ab`krb tcb

]uprbgb Mkurt jhl woii uitogjtbiy ab

lbmolbl ay tcjt Mkurt. Lkueijs GmBivy, j

wbii-rbspbmtbl Gkhtekgbry ijwybr jhl

`krgbr prbsolbht k` tcb Jijajgj ]tjtb Ajr

Jsskmojtokh, wjs sbibmtbl ay tcb Jttkrhby

Ebhbrji tk ab tcb stjtb‟s hbw ibjl ijwybr oh

tcb aohek iotoejtokh. \yskh, tcb ùiitogb los-

tromt jttkrhby `kr Gkaoib Mkuhty, gjy ab

wjifohe kh tcoh omb. Cb mijogs tcb Jttkrhby

Ebhbrji, wck os tcb stjtb‟s tkp ijw bh`krmb-

gbht k`òmbr, cjl hk jutckroty kvbr tcb tjsf

`krmb.

\rky sjol cb strkheiy kppksbs ejgaiohe,

jhl khiy tkkf mkhtrki k` tcb tjsf `krmb

abmjusb tcb ijw sckuil ab bh`krmbl ’oh tcb

prkpbr wjy jhl oh tcb prkpbr vbhubs.‗ \cb

Jttkrhby Ebhbrji jllbl tcjt sohmb tcb Jijajgj ]uprbgb Mkurt cjl hkt ybt ruibl

kh wcbtcbr kr wcbrb oh tcb stjtb aohek mjh

ab pijybl kh bibmtrkhom gjmcohbs, cb wkuil

wjot `kr j lbòho tovb rui ohe ay tcb Coec

Mkurt. Ekv. Qoiby sjys tcb ]uprbgb Mkurt

cjs jirbjly ruibl kh tcb ossub, rb`brrohe tk

jh bjriobr Ikwhlbs Mkuhty lbmosokh. Aut

sohmb tcbrb jrb j hugabr k` sbpjrjtb mkhsto-

tutokhji jgbhlgbhts tcjt rbijtb tk ohlovol-

uji mkuhtobs, ot wkuil sbbg tcjt bjmc

jgbhlgbht wkuil stjhl kh ots kwh.

Qbejrlibss ckw khb `bbis jakut tcb ejg-

aiohe ossub, ot mbrtjohiy wkuil jppbjr tcjt

tcb mkurts woii cjvb tk rbskivb tcb mkhìomt

abtwbbh tcb Ekvbrhkr jhl tcb Jttkrhby

Ebhbrji.

]kurmb4 Ji.mkg

P OBU] K @ ^ JQ\_ M COB@] K H A OHEK

\cbrb mjh ab iottib lkuat tcjt tcb lbajtb

kvbr aohek oh Jijajgj cjs abbh lkgohjtohe

tcb stjtb hbws smbhb `kr wbbfs. Oh `jmt, O

lkh‟t abiobvb tcbrb cjs abbh jhy khb soheibossub oh rbmbht ybjrs tcjt cjs abbh gkrb

wolbiy losmussbl jhl lbajtbl. Ot‟s rjtcbr

sjl tk sbb sk gjhy mrotomji ossubs rbquorohe

tcb ùii jttbhtokh k` tcb Ekvbrhkr jhl ibeos-

ijtkrs abohe vortujiiy oehkrbl. ]kgb `kifs

jrkuhl tcb ]tjtb Ckusb abiobvb tcb wckib

j``jor cjs abbh gkstiy pkiotomji oh kroeoh. @kr

tcjt rbjskh, O jg ekohe tk sbt kut tcb vobws

k` tcb ibjlbrs k` tcb twk gjdkr pkiotomji

pjrtobs oh Jijajgj kh tcb aohek ajttib. \cbor

vobws jrb wkrtc j rbvobw oh gy kpohokh.

G OFB C RAAJQL K H A OHEK

Gofb Cuaajrl, mcjorgjh k` tcb

Jijajgj Qbpuaiomjh ^jrty, jppbjrs tk

ab `kiikwohe Ekv. Qoiby‟s ibjl oh tcb

aohek ajttib. Gofb abiobvbs tcb aohek

gjmcohbs jrb jmtujiiy Ijs Pbejs-styib

sikt gjmcohbs tcjt kpbrjtb jhl pjy-kut

dus t i of b tck us jh ls k` olb ht om ji

gjmcohbs oh tcb ejgaiohe mjpotjis k`

tcb wkrils. Cb sjys tcbsb gjmcohbs jrb

murrbhtiy oiibeji oh Jijajgj uhlbr tcb

stjtb mkhstotutokh jhl stjtutkry ijws.

Abmjusb k` tcb wjy tcby kpbrjtb, Gofb

sjys tcb gjmcohbs sckuil ab Mijss OOO

lbvombs, wcomc jrb prkcoaotbl ay ijw

oh tcb stjtb. Cos vobw os tcjt `jmoiotobs

tcjt k``br tcbg tk tcb puaiom jrb mibjriy

arbjfohe tcb ijw. O` Gofb os mkrrbmt, tcbmkurt systbg os tcb pijmb tk òhl tcb

jhswbr.

D KB \ RQHCJG K H A OHEK

Ucoib Dkb \urhcjg, mcjorgjh k` tcb

Jijajgj Lbgkmrjt om ^jrty, osh‟t oh

`jvkr k` ejgaiohe oh jhy `krg, cb

abiobvbs tcb uitogjtb skiutokhs tk tcb

mkhstotutokhji jhl ibeji ossubs iob wotc

tcb mkurts jhl oh tcb Jijajgj Ibeosij-turb. Dkb abiobvbs tcos gjttbr sckuil ab

lbmolbl ay tcb vktbrs k` Jijajgj. Cb

sjys wb sckuil jiikw tcb pbkpib tk

vktb jhl sbttib tcos gjttbr khmb jhl `kr

jii. Jmmkrlohe tk Dkb, khmb tcos ossub os

put tk j vktb k` tcb pbkpib, wb sckuil

jii ebt kh wotc kur iovbs. Qbmbht pkiiohe

sbbgs tk ohlomjtb jakut 3>% k` tcb

pbkpib k` Jijajgj jerbb wotc Dkb kh

tcb roect tk vktb ossub.

G _ K UH P OBU

O prbtty wbii gjlb gy vobws kh tcb

khekohe ’pkiotomji‗ ajttib ohvkivohe

aohek fhkwh oh tcb ijst ossub k` tcb

Qbpkrt. Hktcohe cjs cjppbhbl sohmb

tcjt togb tk mcjheb gy gohl. O jg stoii

jejohst ejgaiohe jhl lkh‟t abiobvb ot

sckuil ab j gjdkr tjx ajsb `kr jhy

stjtb. Ckwbvbr, O strkheiy abiobvb oh

eovohe tcb pbkpib k` Jijajgj tcb roect

tk vktb kh jhy ogpkrtjht ossub tcjt

rbquorbs sumc j vktb. Ub ajliy hbbl tkebt tcos gjttbr abcohl us!

J\\KQHB_] E BHBQJI ] RB @ BLBQJI E KPBQHGBH\ K PBQ C BJI\C M JQB K PBQCJRI

Jttkrhbys Ebhbrji `rkg :< stjtbs, ohmiul-

ohe Jijajgj, jrb suohe tcb `blbrji ekvbrh-

gbht tk stkp tcb gjssovb cbjitc mjrb


7/40

kvbrcjui, mijogohe tcb hbw ijw os uhmkhsto-

tutokhji. \cb ijwsuot, wcomc wjs òibl

gohutbs j`tbr ^rbsolbht Kajgj soehbl tcb

kvbrcjui aoii, hjgbs tcb R.]. Lbpjrtgbhts

k` Cbjitc jhl Cugjh ]brvombs, \rbjsury jhl

Ijakr js Lb`bhljhts. @ikrolj Jttkrhby

Ebhbrji Aoii GmMkiiug os tjfohe tcb ibjl oh

tcb ijwsuot òibl oh `blbrji mkurt oh

^bhsjmkij.

Jt prbss togb Jttkrhbys Ebhbrji `rkg Jijajgj, ]kutc Mjrkiohj, Hbarjsfj, \bxjs,

Gomcoejh, Rtjc, ^bhhsyivjhoj, ]kutc Ljfktj,

Ikuosojhj, Oljck, Ujscohetkh jhl Mkikrjlk

cjl dkohbl oh tcb suot. Ot‟s rbpkrtbl tcjt

ktcbr EK^ Jttkrhbys Ebhbrji gjy dkoh tcb

ijwsuot ijtbr kr sub sbpjrjtbiy. Poreohoj‟s

Jttkrhby Ebhbrji cjs jirbjly òibl jh ohlo-

voluji suot.

\cbsb ijwsuots gkst iofbiy woii `joi

abmjusb tcb rb`krg gbjsurb mibjriy jppbjrs

tk gbbt mkhstotutokhji gustbr. Aut òiohe tcb

ijwsuots gjy prkvb tk ab ekkl pkiotoms `kr

tcb Jttkrhbys Ebhbrji wck jrb botcbr

ruhhohe `kr rbbibmtokh kr `kr Ekvbrhkr.

Ucoib skgb k` tcbg gkst iofbiy abiobvb tcb

suots cjvb gbrot, O rbjiiy tckuect tcb stjtbs‟

roects jreugbht cjl abbh lbmolbl lurohe

tcb sberbejtokh ajttibs k` tcb :?0>s. Aut,

gjyab hkt!

]kurmb4 Aorgohecjg Hbws

D BA A R]C B HLKQ]B] A QJLIB_ A _QHB @ KQ E KPBQHKQ

Arjliby Ayrhb, j Qbpuaiomjh mjhloljtb `kr

Ekvbrhkr, pomfbl up jh bhlkrsbgbht ijst

gkhtc `rkg `krgbr @ikrolj Ekv. Dba Ausc.

\cb arktcbr k` Ebkreb U. Ausc rbibjsbl j

stjtbgbht mjiiohe Ayrhb ’tcb mkhsbrvjtovb

rb`krgbr oh tcb rjmb `kr ekvbrhkr k`

Jijajgj.‗ Ot wjs rbpkrtbl tcjt Ausc woii

jppbjr jt j ùhlrjosohe bvbht `kr Arjliby oh

Aorgohecjg tcos gkhtc. Ausc, wck sbrvbl

js @ikrolj‟s ekvbrhkr `rkg :??? tk 1>>5, os

hkw mcjorgjh k` tcb @kuhljtokh `kr Bxmbi-

ibhmb oh Blumjtokh.


OP.

IBEO]IJ\OPB

CJ^^BHOHE]

A OE IBEO]IJ\OPB JEBHLJ IB@\

Kh Gjrmc 1=rl, Jijajgj ibeosijtkrs mjgb

ajmf tk Gkhtekgbry `rkg ]prohe Arbjf`jmohe ikts k` wkrf tcjt hbbls tk ab jmmkg-

pioscbl lurohe tcb ibeosijtovb ljys ib`t oh tcb

sbssokh. \cb òhji khb-tcorl k` tcb sbssokh

woii iofbiy ab lkgohjtbl ay tcrbb aoe tkpoms4

aulebts, aohek jhl rkjls. \cb ]tjtb os oh aoe

trkuaib òhjhmojiiy jhl pjssohe aulebts woii

ab bxtrbgbiy tkuec tcos ybjr. Ekkl

aulebts“wotckut hbw rbvbhubs“woii ab

ogpkssoaib. Ot jisk jppbjrs tcb aohek ibeosij-

tokh woii rbsur`jmb jhl wck fhkws wcjt

woii cjppbh tcbrb. \cb rkjl mkhstrumtokh

aoii tcjt cjs pjssbl tcb ]bhjtb os hkw oh tcb

Ckusb. Gy arktcbr, Aoiiy Abjsiby, os cjhliohetcos aoii oh tcb Ckusb. O` pjssbl, ot woii aktc

mrbjtb ajliy-hbblbl dkas jhl skivb skgb

mrotomji oh`rjstrumturb hbbls oh kur stjtb.

\cbrb jrb ktcbr ossubs tcjt sckuil jisk ab

jllrbssbl, ohmiulohe btcoms jhl mjgpjoeh

òhjhmb rb`krg, jhl tjfohe tcb sjibs tjx k``

erkmbrobs. Ckpbùiiy, bjmc k` tcbsb ossubs

woii ab mkhsolbrbl jhl pjssbl.

P B\BQJH IBEO]IJ\KQ C OH\KH G O\MCBG U OII Q B\OQB

]tjtb ]bhjtkr Cohtkh Gotmcbg, j vbtbrjh

k` gkrb tcjh => ybjrs oh tcb Jijajgj Ibeos-

ijturb, wkh‟t sbbf rb-bibmtokh tcos ybjr.

Cohtkh, wck sbrvbl twk ybjrs js ]bhjtb

^rbsolbht ^rk-tbg, cjs abbh j vbry ekkl ibe-

osijtkr. Cb wjs gkst b``bmtovb jhl rbprb-

sbhtbl cos pbkpib wbii. Oh gjfohe cos

jhhkuhmbgbht, Cohtkh sjol tcrkuec j

wrottbh stjtbgbht4

O cjvb mjrbùiiy wboecbl tcb mckomb

ab`krb gb6 tk mkhtohub tk wkrf jhl

prkvolb sbhokr ibjlbrscop tk j lostromt

tcjt cjs mkgb tk mkuht kh tcjt, kr tk

lbvktb togb tk gy `jgoiy wck cjvb

jiwjys suppkrtbl gy puaiom sbrvomb,

aut wck cjvb gjlb hugbrkus sjmro-

òmbs js tcby yobilbl tk tcb mkhstrjohts

jhl bhlibss smcbluibs k` jh bibmtbl

k`òmoji. O cjvb lbmolbl tcjt O woii hkt

ruh `kr rb-bibmtokh tcos ybjr. O cjvb

cjl j ikhe jhl prklumtovb mjrbbr

jhl jg sjtosòbl tcjt O cjvb sbrvbl

tcb motozbhs k` gy lostromt wbii.

Cohtkh sbrvbl oh tcb Jijajgj Ckusb k`

Qbprbsbhtjtovbs oh :?5>5 jhl cbil tcb pkst uhtoi @baru-

jry 1>>?, wcbh ]bhjtkr Qklebr ]gotcbr-

gjh summbblbl cog. Cohtkh, wck bjrhbl

tcb rbspbmt k` cos pbbrs kvbr tcb ybjrs, woii

ab gossbl oh tcb ]bhjtb.


P.

MKRQ\ UJ\MC

JHK\CBQ ] \QKHE P KOMB @ KQ D RLOMOJI B IBM\OKH Q B@KQG

R.]. ]uprbgb Mkurt Dustomb Qutc Ajlbr

Eohsaure spkfb kut ijst gkhtc kh j vbry

ogpkrtjht ossub, ureohe skgb ajliy-hbblbl

rb`krg k` tcb Jgbromjh mkurt systbg. \cb

typb rb`krg tcb coeciy-rbspbmtbl durost wjs

rb`brrohe tk lbjit wotc tcb kasmbhb sugs k`

gkhby abohe spbht bibmtohe dulebs tcrkuec-

kut tcb mkuhty. Dustomb Eohsaure dkohbl wotc

cbr `krgbr mkiibjeub, ]jhlrj Ljy K‟Mkhhbr,

wck cjs abbh jh kutspkfbh prkpkhbht k`mibjhohe up tcb systbg. @krtuhjtbiy, mkh-

mbrhs jakut tcb erbjtiy bxpjhlohe rkib k`

aoe gkhby oh dulomoji bibmtokhs cjs abbh

ebttohe gumc gkrb jttbhtokh oh rbmbht

gkhtcs. \cos os lub tk tcb cueb jgkuhts k`

gkhby abohe pkurbl ohtk tcb pkiotomji mjg-

pjoehs k` stjtb dulebs jrkuhl tcb mkuhtry

jhl tcb `jmt tcjt tcb gbloj os rbpkrtohe kh

tcb suadbmt.

@bw motozbhs rbjiozb tcjt uhprbmblbhtbl

jgkuhts wbrb spbht oh tcb ijst twk bibmtokh

mymibs. Ot cjs abbh rbpkrtbl tcjt, oh tcb pjst

lbmjlb, mjhloljtbs `kr stjtb dulebscops tkkf

oh gkrb tcjh $1>0 goiiokh, wcomc gkrb

tcjh lkuaibl tcb $3= goiiokh rbmbovbl ay

dulomoji mjhloljtbs oh tcb :??>s. O sueebst

kur rbjlbrs tjfb j ikkf jt tcb rbpkrt

rbibjsbl rbmbhtiy ay tcb Arbhhjh Mbhtbr `kr

Dustomb jt H_R ]mckki k` Ijw jhl Dustomb jt

]tjfb. \cbsb jrb hkh-pjrtosjh erkups tcjt

cjvb abbh wkrfohe kh rb`krgohe tcb dulo-

moji sbibmtokh prkmbss. \cb jgkuhts gbh-

www.DrAjsiyQprt.mg 5


8/403 www.AjsiyJiih.mg

tokhbl jakvb lkh‟t bvbr ohmiulb tcb

cuhlrbls k` goiiokhs spbht ay sk-mjiibl

ossub erkups wcomc lkh‟t cjvb tk rbpkrt

tcbor skurmbs k` ùhlohe hkr ckw gumc

tcby spbhl kh abcji` k` mjhloljtbs `kr dulo-

moji k`òmb. Qb`krg k` j arkfbh systbg, js ot

rbijtbs tk bibmtohe dulebs, os ajliy hbblbl.

Ckpbùiiy, tcb Jgbromjh pbkpib woii jerbb

wotc Dustombs Eohsaure jhl K‟Mkhhbr jhl

lbgjhl rb`krg.]kurmb4 JAM Hbws

Q B^RAIOMJH M IJOG] K @ JM\OPO]\ IOABQJI D RLEB] JQB C _^KMQO\OMJI

Ub cjvb jii cbjrl tcb ajttib mrobs kvbr

tcb ybjrs `rkg tcb EK^ jakut ioabrji, jmtov-

ost dulebs wck tcby sjy tcrbjtbh tk lbstrky

kur hjtokh‟s dulomoji systbg. Lurohe tcb

hkgohjtokh k` ]uprbgb Mkurt Dustomb ]khoj

]ktkgjykr oh Jueust 1>>?, mkrpkrjtb ohtbr-

bsts ìkklbl hbws arkjlmjsts tcrkueckuttcb mkuhtry wjrhohe k` tcb duleb‟s ioabrji

’jmtovost‗ qujiotobs. Aut, rbmbht dulomoji

costkry oh bhvorkhgbhtji, movoi prkmblurb,

losmrogohjtokh, jhl pkiotomji ijw lbgkh-

strjtbs quotb mibjriy tcjt tcb mkhsbrvjtovb

gjdkroty kh tcb R.]. ]uprbgb Mkurt cjs

abbh jhytcohe aut stjtus quk wcbh ot

mkgbs tk jmtovosg. O` yku mcbmf tcb rbmkrl,

yku goect lbmolb tcjt tcb EK^ cjs abbh

skrt k` cypkmrotomji kh tcos ossub.

^brcjps hk ruiohe cjs cjl sumc j lrj-

gjtom jhl jijrgohe b``bmt kh tcb prjmtomb kìjw js tcb coec mkurt‟s ruiohes oh twk soeho`-

omjht mjsbs, Abii Jtijhtom v. \wkgaiy jhl

Jscmrk`t v. Oqaji . Ijwybrs wck prjmtomb oh

tcb `blbrji systbg sjy tcjt ay ’rbtorohe‗ tcb

hktomb pibjlohe stjhljrl `kr tcb hbwbr jhl

stromtbr pijusoaoioty stjhljrl, tcksb lbmo-

sokhs kvbrturhbl hbjriy 2> ybjrs k` prkmb-

lurji prbmblbht. ]ohmb tcb ruiohe, `blbrji

mkurts cjvb abbh ohuhljtbl ay gktokhs tk

losgoss jhl ikwbr mkurt dulebs rbgjoh

puzzibl kh tryohe tk lbtbrgohb tcb Mkurt‟s

vjeub ohtbrprbtjt okh k` tcb pijusoaoioty

pibjlohe stjhljrl. Js j rbsuit k` tcb]uprbgb Mkurt‟s lbmosokhs, pijohto``s `jmb

lo`òmuit, o` hkt ohsurgkuhtjaib pibjlohe

rbquorbgbhts, oh losmrogohjtokh, mkhsporjmy,

`rjul jhl jhtotrust mjsbs.

Dkch Pjoi, sbhokr iotoejtokh mkuhsbi jhl

vomb prbsolbht k` tcb Mbhtbr `kr Mkhstotu-

tokhji Iotoejtokh, hktbl tcjt Oqaji cjs abbh

motbl ay mkurts gkrb tcjh 1,5>> togbs sohmb

ot wjs lbmolbl oh Gjy 1>>?. Cb gjlb tcos

kasbrvjtokh4 ’Ub jrb tjifohe jakut soehoò-

mjht mjsbs tcjt jrb ebttohe losgossbl

abmjusb k` Oqaji jhl \wkgaiy jhl wb cjvb

dulebs hktohe tcjt.‗

]ohmb :?>5, tcb ekvbrhgbht wjs pbrgot-

tbl tk ajh pkiotomji spbhlohe ay mkrpkrj-

tokhs oh mjgpjoeh bibmtokhs. \cos :>> ybjr

kil prbmblbht, jhl twk rbmbht mjsbs

upckilohe tcb prbmblbht, wbrb jisk jaki-

oscbl ay tcb mkhsbrvjtovb gjdkroty k` tcb

]uprbgb Mkurt oh j spiot 2-< lbmosokh oh Mot- ozbhs Rhotbl v. @blbrji Bibmtokh Mkggos-

sokh. Ucoib mkrpkrjtokhs spbht cuhlrbls k`

goiiokhs oh mjgpjoeh mkhtroautokhs tcrkuec

pkiotomji jmtokh mkggottbb trusts, tcby wbrb

`kraollbh `rkg lorbmtiy ùhlohe mjgpjoehs

uhtoi tcb Mkurt‟s rbmbht 1>:> lbmosokh. \cos

wjs jii mcjhebl ay òvb gbgabrs k` tcb

mkurt. \cb lrjgjtom sco`t oh pkiotomji spbhl-

ohe rbstromtokhs woii hkw pbrgot mkrpkrj-

tokhs tk lorbmtiy ohìubhmb jhl mkhtroautb

goiiokhs oh mjgpjoeh mkhtroautokhs tk tcbor

mcksbh pkiotomji mjhloljtbs“jh kvbr-

wcbigoheiy gjdkroty k` wcomc jrb Qbpuaio-

mjhs“wotc hk rbstromtokhs.

Oh 1>>: jhl 1>>0, tcb R.]. ]uprbgb

Mkurt b``bmtovbiy rbvbrsbl kvbr => ybjrs k`

Mibjh Ujtbr Jmt ijw, wcbh ot ossubl kpoh-

okhs js tk tcb gbjhohe k` ’hjvoejaib wjtbrs‗

oh tcb ]kiol Ujstb Jebhmy k` Hkrtcbrh

Mkkf Mkuhty v. Rhotbl ]tjtbs Jrgy Mkrps

k` Bheohbbrs jhl Qjpjhks v. Rhotbl ]tjtbs

mjsbs. \cbsb ruiohes b``bmtovbiy bxmiulb kvbr

>0.

Kh tcb bgpikygbht losmrogohjtokh solb,

tcb R.]. ]uprbgb Mkurt jejoh solbl wotc

mkrpkrjtb ohtbrbsts jhl rbvbrsbl ybjrs k`

prbmblbht oh tcb mjsb Erkss v. @AI @ohjhmoji

]brvombs, Ohm. Ab`krb tcb Mkurt‟s lbmosokh,

ybjrs k` jeb losmrogohjtokh prbmblbht

rbquorbl j aurlbh-sco`tohe jhjiysos, wcbrbay

o` tcb bgpikybb mkuil lbgkhstrjtb tcby

wbrb òrbl abmjusb k` jeb, tcb aurlbh k`

prkk` wkuil sco`t tk tcb lb`bhljht tk prkvb

ot cjl j ibeotogjtb rbjskh `kr ots jmtokh,

jpjrt `rkg jeb. Ckwbvbr, tcb mkhsbrvjtovb

gjdkroty, bxtbhlohe ots lbmosokh abykhl tcb

hjrrkw qubstokhs ot cjl prbvokusiy sbt tk

rbskivb oh tcb mjsb, kvbr-turhbl ikhestjhl-

ohe prbmblbht jhl hkw rbquorb tcb

bgpikybb tk abjr tcb bhtorb aurlbh k`

prkk` tcjt jeb wjs tcb rbjskh cb kr scb wjs

òrbl. Abmjusb `bw“o` jhy“bgpikybbs

wkuil ab prbsbht abcohl miksbl lkkrs

wco ib tcbor bgpikybrs losmussbl ijyohe

tcbg k`` kr lbgktohe tcbg, ot wkuil ab

bxtrbgbiy lo`òmuit tk katjoh cjrl bvolbhmb

tcjt jeb wjs tcb fby lbtbrgohohe `jmtkr.

Kavokusiy, ijreb mkrpkrjtokhs wbrb vbry

cjppy wotc tcb ruiohe.

Oh suggjry, ot mbrtjohiy jppbjrs tcjt

dulebs jrb khiy mkhsolbrbl tk ab jmtovosts wcbh tcby lkh‟t ruib `kr tcb aoe `kifs jhl

bspbmojiiy tcb gkst pkwbrùi mkgpjhobs oh

mkrpkrjtb Jgbromj. ]k, O woii ibjvb ot up tk

kur rbjlbrs“cjs tcb EK^ abbh ’`jor jhl

ajijhmbl‗ oh ots vobws kh dulomoji jmtovosg;

]kurmbs4 Ijwybrs R]J, Hbw _krf \ogbs , jhl Iks

Jhebibs \ogbs

JIJAJGJ M KRQ\ ] _]\BG @ JMB] IJ_K@@]

Jmmkrlohe tk Mcob` Dustomb ]ub Abii Mkaa,

tcb Jijajgj mkurt systbg woii cjvb tk ijyk`` gkrb tcjh :>> tbgpkrjry bgpikybbs.

\cb ijyk``s wbrb tk ab b``bmtovb Gjrmc =: st

lub tk ùhlohe sckrtjebs. \cb Mcob` Dustomb

sjol jmrkss-tcb-akjrl muts jppbjr iofbiy `kr

tcb stjtb Ebhbrji @uhl aulebt, jhl tcb muts

woii gbjh j lrjstom rblumtokh `kr tcb stjtb

mkurt systbg. Mcob` Dustomb Mkaa sjol tcb

ijyk``s mkuil erkw tk sbvbrji cuhlrbl mkurt

bgpikybbs uhibss tcb Ekvbrhkr usbs gkhby

`rkg tcb stjtb‟s rjohy ljy ùhl tk cbip stjtb

jebhmobs.

Oh gy kpohokh, tcb ijyk``s woii ajliy curt

tcb mkurt systbg jhl woii iofbiy rbsuit oh

dustomb abohe lbijybl `kr pbrskhs jhl mkg-

pjhobs cjvohe j rbji hbbl `kr dustomb. Ot‟s

rjtcbr ohtbrbstohe“wotc pbrcjps j tkumc k`

orkhy“tcjt tcb Jijajgj ]uprbgb Mkurt dus-

tombs ruibl jejohst tcb ]tjtb k` Jijajgj oh

iotoejtokh jejohst Bxxkh jhl sbvbrji lrue

mkgpjhobs tcjt mkst tcb stjtb aoiiokhs k`

lkiijrs. Cjl tcjt gkhby abbh jvjoijaib ot

wkuil cjvb mbr tjohiy cbipbl skivb tcb

stjtb‟s òhjhmoji prkaibgs.


J G KPBGBH\ \ CJ\ U KRIL Q B]\QRM\RQB JIJAJGJ M KRQ\]

\cbrb cjs abbh j quobt gkvbgbht uhlbr-

wjy“tcjt o` jpprkvbl“wkuil lrjstomjiiy

mcjheb Jijajgj‟s mkurt systbg. Ot ohvkivbs j

tktji rbkrejhozjtokh k` tcb Mormuot jhl Los-

tromt Mkurts jt tcb ikmji ibvbi. Mcob` Dustomb

]ub Abii Mkaa rbpkrtbliy os tcb gjstbrgohl


9/40 www.DrAjsiyQprt.mg ?

k` tcos b``krt jhl ot jppbjrs tk cjvb skgb

suppkrt. \cb `kiikwohe os jh blotkroji kh

tcos suadbmt tcjt jppbjrbl ijst gkhtc oh tcb

Gkaoib r̂bss Qbeostbr .

Qbkrejhozohe mor muot jhl los tromts

mkurts tk ohmrbjsb b`òmobhmy stjtbwolb

rbspkhls tk erkwtc pjttbrhs jhl bmk-

hkgom mkhlotokhs. Ajilwoh Mkuhty

^rbsolohe Mormuot Duleb Djgbs Qbol os

ibjlohe tcb Qbjioehgbht k` Dulomoji

Qbskurmbs Mkggottbb, jhl cb os wbii

jwjrb k` tcb ogpjmt k` pkpuijtokh

erkwtc kh tcb Ajilwoh mkurt systbg.

\cb mkggottbb wjs mrbjtbl ay

Jijajgj ]uprbgb Mkurt Dustomb ]ub

Abii Mkaa. \wk gjdkr mcjhebs abohe

mkhsolbrbl jrb j mkhskioljtokh k`

mormuot jhl lostromt mkurts, jhl jiikw-

ohe tcb ]uprbgb Mkurt tk gkvb kpbh

sbjts tk mormuots tcjt hbbl tcbg.

Gkvohe dulebs‟ sbjts jrkuhl os iofbiytk mrbjtb skgb pkiotomji wjvbs, jhl

eovohe tcjt pkwbr tk tcb ]uprbgb

Mkurt rjtcbr tcjh tcb Ibeosijturb

gjy hkt ìy wotc j ekvbrhohe akly

rbiumtjht tk eovb up mkhtrki kvbr bvbh

tcb gkst ikmji jhl gohkr k` gjttbrs.

Aut tcb olbj os tk bvbhiy sprbjl tcb

mjsbikjl. J rbpkrt ay Duleb Qbol sjys

skgb lostromt dulebs‟ mjsbikjls jrb up

tk òvb togbs ijrebr tcjh ktcbr dulebs,

jhl skgb mormuot dulebs cjvb tropib

tcb mjsbikjls k` ktcbrs. Ucbh pbkpib

wotc pbhlohe mrogohji kr movoi mjsbs

cjvb tk wjot ikhebr oh skgb mkuhtobs

tcjh oh ktcbrs, Jijajgj dustomb os

hbotcbr bvbh-cjhlbl hkr swo`t.

]uprbgb Mkurt dustombs mkuil jmt

gkrb quomfiy jhl wotc gumc gkrb

bxpbrtosb tk sco`t pksotokhs js hbblbl.

Hk sottohe duleb wkuil ab gkvbl6 tcb

sbjt wkuil ab sco`tbl khiy wcbh j

vjmjhmy kmmurrbl.

Mcob` Dustomb Mkaa sjys tcjt mrbjtohe

j hbw dulebscop mksts jakut

$>,>>>. Uotc tcb stjtb ùhlohe

mruhmc, tcb abst usb k` tjxpjybr

lkiijrs os tk ohstbjl gkvb j dulebscop

`rkg j mormuot tcjt gjy hkt ab ausy

tk khb wcbrb mjsbikjls jrb aurlbh-

skgb. Ckwbvbr, mkhskioljtohe lostromt

jhl mormuot dulebscops gjy prkvb ibss

b``bmtovb. Ucoib sumc j gkvb goect

sprbjl tcb mjsbikjl gkrb bquotjaiy,

lostromt mkurt mjsbs jrb ebhbrjiiy ibss

mkgpiomjtbl jhl mjrry ibss sbvbrb

mrogohji kr movoi mkhsbqubhmbs. \cb

twk typbs k` mjsbikjls jrb hkt hbmbs-

sjr oiy mkgpjrjaib, jhl jssoehohe

tcbg oh sumc j wjy tcjt jhy duleb

goect lrjw j arkjlbr rjheb k` mjsbs

mkuil gjfb bjmc duleb ibss b`òmobht

wotc cos kr cbr lkmfbt. Qbejrlibss, tcb

kvbrjii rbvobw k` tcb mormuot jhl los-

tromt mkurt systbg os wjrrjhtbl tk

gbbt tcb mcjiibhebs k` pkpuijtokh sco`ts jhl tkuec bmkhkgom togbs.

Ot woii ab ohtbrbstohe tk sbb ckw tcos rbkr-

ejhozjtokh wkrfs kut. O lkh‟t abiobvb gjhy

`kifs kutsolb tcb dulomoji systbg bvbh fhkw

jakut ot. ]k `jr tcohes cjvb abbh goecty

quobt jmrkss tcb stjtb kh tcos gjttbr jhl

jisk oh tcb Ibeosijturb.

]kurmb4 Gkaoib ^rbss Qbeostbr

A^ U OH] $?? G OIIOKH Q BLRM\OKH O H \ KSOM

@ RGB] M J]B

J `blbrji duleb oh Ckustkh cjs lrjstomjiiy

rblumbl tcb $:>> goiiokh vbrlomt rbturhbl

oh Lbmbgabr jejohst A^‟s \bxjs Moty rbòh-

bry. \cb vbrlomt wjs mut tk ibss tcjh cji` j

goiiokh. \cos lbjit tcb Arotosc koi eojht j rjrb

jhl pbrcjps uhbxpbmtbl ibeji vomtkry. R.].

Lostromt Duleb Fbhhbtc G. Ckyt sjol tcb

îjohto``s `joibl tk prkvb A^ wjs ’erkssiy

hbeioebht‗ oh j mcbgomji rbibjsb jt tcb rbòh-

bry tcjt sbht gkrb tcjh :>> wkrfbrs tk jrbj

ckspotjis kh tcb bvbhohe k` Jproi :?, 1>>5.

\cb duleb wrktb tcjt wotckut ’mibjr jhl

mkhvohmohe‗ bvolbhmb k` erkss hbeioebhmb,

tcb $:>> goiiokh oh puhotovb ljgjebs oho-

tojiiy jwjrlbl tbh wkrfbrs `rkg tcjt erkup

’gust ab sbt jsolb.‗ Ohstbjl, cb jwjrlbl

tcksb wkrfbrs j mkgaohbl $=,00> oh

jmtuji ljgjebs `kr gblomji bxpbhsbs, ikst

ohmkgb jhl gbhtji jheuosc.

]kurmb4 Ckustkh Mcrkhomib

] KR\C M JQKIOHJ ] R^QBGB M KRQ\

K PBQ\RQH] P BQLOM\ O H @ KQL M QJ]C

\cb ]kutc Mjrkiohj ]uprbgb Mkurt cjs

kvbrturhbl jh $:3 goiiokh vbrlomt jejohst

@krl Gktkr Mk. oh j `jtji mrjsc. \cb Mkurt

ruibl tcjt khb bxpbrt sckuilh‟t cjvb abbh

jiikwbl tk tbsto`y jakut mruosb-mkhtrki prka-

ibgs. ]khyj Ujtskh, :5 ybjrs kil, wjs pjrj-

iyzbl j`tbr iksohe mkhtrki k` cbr @krl

Bxpikrbr oh Lbmbgabr :???. \cb tbbhjebr‟s

spkrt-utoioty vbcomib vbbrbl k`` tcb ib`t solb

k` jh ohtbrstjtb coecwjy, rkiiohe `kur togbs.

Cbr `bgjib pjssbhebr wjs foiibl. Aktc

wkgbh wbrb bdbmtbl `rkg tcb ]RP, j :??2

gklbi.

\cb twk bstjtbs subl @krl mkhtbhlohe

lurohe j 1>>0 troji tcjt tcb Bxpikrbr ’tkkf

k``‗ j`tbr Gs. Ujtskh sbt tcb mruosb mkhtrki.

Gs. Ujtskh‟s `jtcbr tbstoòbl tcjt tcb

Bxpikrbr cjl jmmbibrjtbl sullbhiy twk

ktcbr togbs wcoib cb wjs lrovohe ot. Cb jisksjol rbpjor tbmchomojhs cjl tkil cog tcb

]RP‟s hbw ìkkr gjts mjusbl tcb jmmbibrj-

tokh prkaibg jhl hbblbl tk ab turhbl

kvbr. J dury jwjrlbl Gs. Ujtskh $:2

goiiokh, jiikmjtohe jhktcbr $= goiiokh `kr tcb

pjssbhebr‟s bstjtb. Aut oh tcb kpohokh Mcob`

Dust omb Dbjh \kji kvbr turhbl tcjt jwjrl,

wrotohe tcjt j troji duleb sckuilh‟t cjvb

jiikwbl tbstogkhy `rkg jh bxpbrt jakut

mruosb-mkhtrki prkaibgs oh @krl Bxpikrbrs,

kr bxjgpibs k` ktcbr jmmbibrjtokh prkaibgs.

Bibmtromji bheohbbr Jhtkhy Jhlbrskh tbs-

toòbl jt troji tcjt bibmtrkgjehbtom rjlojtokh

cjl ohtbr`brbl wotc tcb mruosb-mkhtrki

systbg jhl mjusbl Gs. Ujtskh‟s sullbh

jmmbibrjtokh. Aut tcb Mkurt `bit Gr. Jhlbr-

skh, bvbh tckuec cb wjs j trjohbl jhl

bxpbrobhmbl bibmtromji bheohbbr, lolh‟t

fhkw bhkuec jakut @krl Bxpikrbrs kr tcbor

systbgs tk tbsto`y js jh bxpbrt, Mcob` Dustomb

\kji wrktb4 ’Cb (Jhlbrskh) cjl hk bxpbro-

bhmb oh tcb jutkgkaoib ohlustry, hbvbr

stulobl j mruosb-mkhtrki systbg, jhl hbvbr

lbsoehbl jhy mkgpkhbht k` j mruosb-mkhtrki

systbg.‗\cb duleb jllbl tcjt Gr. Jhlbrskh sjol

cb cjl hbvbr bvbh kpbrjtbl j vbcomib wotc

j mruosb-mkhtrki systbg kr puaioscbl jhy

jrtomibs kh tcb suadbmt. \cb Mkurt jisk ruibl

tcjt tcb troji duleb sckuilh‟t cjvb jiikwbl

tbstogkhy jakut sogoijr jmmbibrjtokh prka-

ibgs tcjt ohvkivbl vbcomibs k` lo``brbht

gklbis gjlb oh lo``brbht ybjrs. Khmb tcos

mjsb os ikkfbl jt mjrbùiiy, O lkh‟t abiobvb

gjhy mkurts woii `kiikw tcos lbmosokh.



10/40:> www.AjsiyJiih.mg

PO.

\CB HJ\OKHJI

]MBHB

\ CB K AJGJ JLGOHO]\QJ\OKH JHL M KHEQB]] M JH H KU E B\ G KPOHE

Jt tcb bhl k` tcb ^rbsolbht‟s òrst ybjr oh

k`òmb, ikts k` `kifs wbrb jssbssohe tcb pbr-

`krgjhmb k` tcb Kajgj Jlgohostrjtokh.

Ucoib tcbrb cjvb abbh skgb gjdkr sckrt-

mkgohes, O abiobvb tcos ^rbsolbht cjs jmmkg-

pioscbl quotb j aot, bspbmojiiy wcbh yku

mkhsolbr tcb gbss cb ohcbrotbl jhl tcb

kppksotokh k` tcb EK^ gbgabrs k` Mkh-

erbss sohmb cb tkkf k`òmb. Ucbh ^rbsolbht

Kajgj tkkf k`òmb, cb `jmbl skgb k` tcb

tkuecbst bmkhkgom togbs sohmb tcb Erbjt

Lbprbssokh. Jt tcjt togb tcb hjtokh‟s

bmkhkgy wjs iksohe jigkst 5>>,>>> dkas j

gkhtc kh jvbrjeb. Kur ajhfohe systbg wjsoh mrosos jhl ibhlohe wjs `rkzbh. Jigkst $:>

troiiokh oh wbjitc wjs botcbr ekhb kr ikst oh

tcb stkmf gjrfbt. Goiiokhs k` Jgbromjhs

`kuhl tcbor sjvohes wbrb jt erbjt rosf k`

abohe wopbl kut. Ub cjl ekhb `rkg ijreb

aulebt surpiusbs tk cueb lbòmots lurohe tcb

boect ybjrs k` tcb Ausc Jlgohostrjtokh.

Hkw wb jrb òhjiiy abeohhohe tk sbb

skgb rbji ioect jt tcb bhl k` tcb bmkhkgom

tuhhbi. Gkst abiobvb tcjt tcb bmkhkgy cjs

abbh stjaoiozbl jhl, ckpbùiiy, kur òhjhmoji

ohstotutokhs jrb hkw abohe abttbr rbeuijtbl.Hk lkuat kur stjhlohe oh tcb wkril mkg-

guhoty cjs erbjtiy ogprkvbl. Aut, wotckut

jhy lkuat, tcbrb os stoii ikts tk lk jhl tcjt

rbquorbs Mkherbssokhji jmtokh. \cb iohebrohe

lbajtb kvbr cbjitcmjrb rb`krg mkhsugbl

tcb gjdkroty k` tcb ^rbsolbht‟s bhbrey jhl

b``krts. Hkw tcjt tcos ogpkrtjht rb`krg cjs

pjssbl, tcos Jlgohostrjtokh jhl Mkherbss

gust ebt lkwh tk wkrf kh ktcbr ogpkrtjht

ossubs. \cbrb jrb gjhy mrotomji ossubs“

ktcbr tcjh cbjitcmjrb rb`krg“tcjt hkw

gust ab lbjit wotc. Ot‟s togb `kr tcohes tk

ebt gkvohe oh kur Hjtokh‟s Mjpotki!

G KQB K H \ CB @ OHJHMOJI M QO]O] @ JMOHE K RQ H J\OKH

\cb lbajtb stoii os khekohe js tk wcy jhl

ckw kur hjtokh‟s bmkhkgy wjs jigkst

lbstrkybl lurohe tcb Ausc ybjrs. Oh `jorhbss

tk ^rbsolbht Ausc, tcb prkaibgs abejh bvbh

ab`krb cb tkkf k`òmb oh 1>>:. \cbrb wbrb

jisk skgb fby ibeosijtovb ibjlbrs ohvkivbl

wck gust scjrb tcb aijgb wotc tcb Ausc

Jlgohostrjtokh kh tcos ossub. Khb k` tcbg os

`krgbr ]bhjtkr ^coi Erjgg, tcb jrmcotbmt k`

j hugabr k` gbjsurbs tcjt abmjgb ijw, tcjt

wbrb spbmoji- ohtbrbst mrbjtbl jhl lrovbh.

]bhjtkr Erjgg wkuil ab hbjr tcb tkp k`

jhy iost k` suspbmts wcbh yku jttbgpt tk

òeurb kut wcjt ibl tk tcb bmkhkgom gbit-

lkwh.Gkst bmkhkgosts jerbb tcjt tcb bmk-

hkgom mrosos `jmohe tcos mkuhtry wkuilh‟t

cjvb cjppbhbl aut `kr tcb Erjgg-Ibjmc-

Aioiby Jmt. \cb ajhfohe lbrbeuijtokh aoii

biogohjtbl tcb strumturji rbstrjohts tcjt cjl

prkcoaotbl mkggbrmoji ajhfs `rkg tcb

spbmuijtokh tcjt arkuect tcb Rhotbl ]tjtbs

pbroikusiy miksb tk j gjdkr lbprbssokh ijst

ybjr. Ohtbrbstoheiy, ot wjs tcb sjgb ]bhjtkr

Erjgg wck wjs j mk-spkhskr k` tcb Mkg-

gkloty @uturbs Gklbrhozjtokh Jmt k` 1>>>.

\cjt ibeosijtokh bxbgptbl kvbr-tcb-mkuhtbr

lbrovjtovbs `rkg rbeuijtokh. \cb uhrbeu-

ijtbl trjlohe k` lbrovjtovbs“bspbmojiiy

mrblot lb`juit swjps“lorbmtiy rbsuitbl oh

tcb $:3: aoiiokh ajoikut k` JOE (tcb ohsur-

jhmb eojht tcjt wjs tkk aoe tk `joi) jhl tcb

mkiijpsb k` Ibcgjh Arktcbrs (tcb ohvbst-

gbht ajhf wcomc gkst `bit mkuilh‟t

sohf). Aut ]bhjtkr Erjgg lolh‟t stkp tcbrb.

Erjgg wjs tcb jutckr k` tcb sk-mjiibl

’Bhrkh Ikkpckib‗ oh tcb ùturbs lbrbeuij-

tokh aoii. \cjt rbsuitbl oh bxbgptohe tcb

trjlohe k` bhbrey, gbtjis jhl bibmtromoty

`rkg `blbrji rbeuijtokh jhl wkuhl upmjusohe tcb bvbhtuji mkiijpsb k` Bhrkh. O`

yku lkh‟t rbmjii tcb rkiiohe aijmfkuts oh Mji-

o`krhoj oh 1>>:, O eujrjhtbb yku tcjt tcb

pbkpib oh tcjt stjtb lk. O` yku jrb ohtbrbstbl,

yku goect mcbmf tk sbb wcbrb Lr. Ubhly

Ibb Erjgg (tcb ]bhjtkr‟s wo`b) wjs

cjheohe kut lurohe tcb togb cbr cusajhl

wjs jt wkrf oh tcb ]bhjtb jhl wcbrb scb

wkuhl up. O suspbmt yku woii ab sckmfbl tk

ibjrh tcjt Lr. Erjgg abmjgb j vomb-prbso-

lbht jt Bhrkh oh mcjreb k` julots. ]cb wjs

jisk j stkmfckilbr oh tcb mkgpjhy.

]kgb sjy tcjt ^coi Erjgg wkuil woh jh

jwjrl `kr abohe tcb jrmcotbmt k` òhjhmoji

`joiurb o` tcby ejvb sumc jh jwjrl `kr tcjt

luaokus ckhkr. Ucoib tcbrb wbrb ktcbrs

wck cbipbl cog, Erjgg wkuil gkst iofbiy

ebt tcb tkp jwjrl. Ohtbrbstoheiy, Erjgg

wkuhl up wkrfohe oh tcb ajhfohe ohlustry

j`tbr cos ljys k` ’puaiom sbrvomb‗ mjgb tk jh

bhl. O cjvb k`tbh wkhlbrbl wcy tcb

hjtokhji hbws gbloj cjs hbvbr aktcbrbl tk

lbivb ohtk tcb ohvkivbgbht k` ^coi Erjgg

jhl cos wo`b rbijtohe tk tcb Bhrkh lbajmib.

E KKL_BJQ ] B\\IB] P B\BQJH ‟ ] D KA IJU]RO\

Ekklybjr \orb jhl Quaabr Mk. cjs jerbbl

tk pjy $,>>> tk sbttib mijogs tcjt ots

Ijwtkh pijht `joibl tk prkgptiy rbcorb jh

Jrgy Qbsbrvb k`òmbr j t̀br cb rbturhbl `rkg

jmtovb luty oh 1>>5. Ekklybjr woii pjy

Ljvol D. Biios `kr ajmf wjebs jhl ktcbr

ljgjebs. \cb R.]. Dustomb Lbpjrtgbht subl

Ekklybjr kh Biios‟ abcji` oh Gjy, jiibeohe

tcb mkgpjhy cjl vokijtbl tcb Rho`krgbl

]brvomb Bgpikygbht jhl Qb-bgpikygbht

Qoects Jmt k` :??>5 rbturh. Biios, wck abejh

wkrfohe jt tcb pijht oh Kmtkabr :??0, wjs

rb-bgpikybl ]bptbgabr :?, 1>>3, aut cb

ib`t j sckrt togb ijtbr, jmmkrlohe tk tcb

ijwsuot.

Ucoi b O kh iy fhkw wcjt cjs abbh

rbpkrtbl oh tcb gbloj jakut cos mjsb, O lk

fhkw tcjt gbh jhl wkgbh wck sbrvb ohtcb Qbsbrvbs kr tcb Hjtokhji Eujrl, jhl

wck jrb mjiibl tk jmtovb luty, gust cjvb dka

prktbmtokh wcbh tcby rbturh. \cjt

sckuilh‟t ab j prkaibg jhl ckpbùiiy tcos

mjsb wjs jh oskijtbl ohmolbht. \cb Jgbromjh

pbkpib suppkrt kur trkkps jhl tcjt‟s j

prkvbh `jmt kvbr tcb ybjrs!

]kurmb4 Hbwskf.mkg

POO.

\CB MKQ^KQJ\BUKQIL

M R\\OHE L KUH K H M KQ^KQJ\B @ OHJHMOJI M QOGB

Kvbr tcb pjst lbmjlb, tcbrb cjs abbh

gjssovb jmtovoty oh Mkrpkrjtb Jgbromj tcjt

jppbjrs tk ohvkivb vokijtokhs k` tcb mrogohji

ijws. O cjvb k`tbh wkhlbrbl wcy tcbrb


11/40


12/40

iojaoioty mjsb òibl jejohst tcb mkgpjhy. \cjt

pksotokh os sckmfohe jhl tktjiiy wotckut

gbrot. Ot tbiis gb tcksb `kifs cjvb gumc

gkrb tk colb. Ckpbùiiy, tcb lbpksotokhs

woii ek `krwjrl js skkh js tcb jppbji os

cbjrl jhl lospksbl k`. Ot‟s ogpkssoaib tk

dusto`y \kyktj‟s pksotokh oh tcb gjttbr jhl os

jh ohlomjtokh k` tcb jrrkejhmb k` tcb mjr-

gjfbr‟s akssbs.

]kurmb4 JAM Hbws

^ K]\ -Q BMJII \ K_K\J M KGÎJOH\] JQB A BOHE Q B^KQ\BL

Jt prbss togb `blb rj i k` ò moji s cj l

rbmbovbl j trbgbhlkus hugabr k` mkg-

pijohts `rkg \kyktj kwhbrs wck sjy tcbor

vbcomibs bxpbrobhmbl sullbh jmmbibrjtokh

bvbh j`tbr rbpjors uhlbr tcb jutkgjfbr‟s

twk rbmjiis `kr tcb prkaibg. Jt prbss togb

tcb hugabr k` mkgpijohts wjs hbjr :>>.

HC\]J sckuil krlbr \kyktj tk mkgb up wotc j hbw òx khmb ot rbjiozbs tcjt \kyktj‟s

rbmjiis lol hkt ùiiy jllrbss prkaibgs k`

sullbh jmmbibrjtokh. HC\]J jlgohostrjtkr

Ljvol ]tromfijhl sjys tcb jebhmy os ’lbtbr-

gohbl tk ebt tk tcb akttkg k` tcos.‗ HC\]J

sjys ot pijhs tk mkhtjmt bvbry kwhbr wck

gjfbs sumc j mkgpijoht tk ejtcbr gkrb

oh`krgjtokh.

HC\]J cjs ijuhmcbl tcrbb prkabs ohtk

wcbtcbr \kykt j gkvbl tkk sikwiy tk

jllrbss mkgpijohts k` sullbh jmmbibrjtokh

jhl wcbtcbr tcb jutkgjfbr‟s bibmtrkhoms wbrb tk aijgb. \kyktj k`òmojis cjvb sjol

tcby wkuil jisk jeerbssovbiy ohvbstoejtb jhy

rbpkrts k` pkst-rbmjii sullbh jmmbibrjtokh.

_bt tcby cjvb jisk gjohtjohbl tcjt twk

rbmjiis mkvbrohe 2.0 goiiokh vbcomibs oh tcb

Rhotbl ]tjtbs òxbl jii fhkwh mjusbs k`

sullbh jmmbibrjtokh oh \kyktj jhl Ibxus

gklbis, jhl tcjt \kyktj‟s bheohb bibmtrkhoms

wbrb lbsoehbl wotc ’jaskiutb rbiojaoioty.‗ Ot‟s

prbtty kavokus tcjt hbotcbr stjtbgbht os

jmmurjtb. O abiobvb tcjt, lub tk tcb sullbh

jmmbibrjtokh ossubs ohvkivohe \kyktj vbco-

mibs, `blbrji k`òmojis woii mkhtohub tk ebtmkgpijohts jakut tcb ossub `rkg \kyktj

kwhbrs. Ot‟s hkw abohe rbpkrtbl tcjt kvbr

2> lbjtcs cjvb abbh iohfbl tk tcb sullbh

jmmbibrjtokh ossub.

]kurmb4 @rbb ^rbss Ujscohetkh

] GKFOHE E RH G BGK Q BPBJI] \ K_K\J U KQFBQ] ‟ ] J@B\_ @ BJQ]

\kyktj cjs abbh `krmbl tk turh kvbr tk

Rhotbl ]tjtbs Mkherbssokhji ohvbstoejtkrs j

’sgkfohe euh‗ gbgk prklumbl ay ots kwh

`jmtkry wkrfbrs tcjt wjrhbl gjhjebgbht

js `jr ajmf js 1>>0 k` systbgom tcrbjts tk

mjr sj`bty. \cb twk-pjeb gbgk, wcomc wjs

lrj`tbl ay j erkup k` ikhe-tbrg \kyktjbgpikybbs jhl sbht lorbmtiy tk Fjtsujfo

Ujtjhjab, tcb prbsolbht k` tcb mkgpjhy oh

1>>0, mkhlbghs ’sj`bty sjmroòmbs‗ gjlb ay

tcb mkgpjhy oh pursuot k` prkòt. \cb gbgk

coecioects tcb ohjlbqujtb lbvbikpgbht

togbs `kr hbw vbcomibs jhl tcb ebhbrji

lbmiohb k` mrj`tsgjhscop jt Djpjh‟s gkst

`jgkus gjhu`jmturohe ausohbss. Ot mkh-

miulbs tcjt votji prkmbssbs wbrb hkw oh tcb

cjhls k` ’jgjtburs.‗ \cb lkmugbht jisk

k``brbl j prblomtokh k` tcb mjijgoty tcjt

wjs tk mkgb, wjrhohe tcjt \kyktj‟s gjhjeb-

gbht pkiomobs wkuil uitogjtbiy tcrbjtbh tcbmkgpjhy‟s survovji.

\kyktj, wcomc rbgjohs oh mrosos gklb

j`tbr j eikaji rbmjii k` hbjriy hohb goiiokh

vbcomibs, woii `jmb j erkwohe ajrrjeb k` ijw-

suots js j rbsuit k` ots sj`bty prkaibgs. \rjeo-

mjiiy, tcb `joiurb ay \kyktj tk lbji wotc tcbsb

sj`bty ossubs, cjs mjusbl tcb lbjtcs k`

lkzbhs k` ohhkmbht vomtogs kh Jgbromjh

rkjls. \cb gbgk wjrhbl tcb akssbs jt

\kyktj tcjt jh ohmrbjsohe hugabr k` prka-

ibgs tcjt ibl tk vbcomib rbmjiis wbrb jrosohe

hkt jt tcb gjhu`jmturohe ibvbi, aut oh tcbpijhhohe stjebs.

\cb mkgpjhy cjs òhjiiy jmfhkwiblebl

tcjt ot bxpjhlbl tkk `jst, ibjvohe ot wotc j

sckrtjeb k` hbmbssjry spbmojiosts. \cb

gbgk wjrhbl k` tcjt pcbhkgbhkh oh

1>>0, aijgohe tcb mkgpjhy `kr solbiohohe

coeciy bxpbrobhmbl wkrfbrs oh ots pursuot k`

erkwtc jhl prkòt. \cb prohmopji jutckr k`

tcb 1>>0 gbgk, \jljk Ujfjtsufo, cjs

wkrfbl kh tcb ìkkr k` khb k` \kyktj‟s

ijrebst Djpjhbsb `jmtkrobs `kr >0, wjs

sbht tk Fjtsujfo Ujtjhjab, prbsolbht k`

\kyktj Gktkr. Ot gjlb sbvbh rbqubsts k` \ky-

ktj‟s akssbs. Khb k` tcbg lbgjhlbl j

rbvobw k` mkst rblumtokh gbjsurbs ’sk tcjt

tcb mkgpjhy mjh eujrjhtbb tcb gjhu`jm-

turohe k` sj`b mjrs.‗ Ucoib \kyktj cjs hkw

jmfhkwiblebl tcjt sbhokr gjhjebgbht cjl

sbbh tcb kroeohji gbgk, tcb mjrgjfbr

rbspkhlbl tk khiy khb k` ots rbqubsts jhl

tcjt wjs uhrbijtbl tk sj`bty. \cb mkgpjhy

akssbs oehkrbl jii k` tcb rbst. \cb gbgk

wjs wrottbh oh Djpjhbsb, aut cbrb jrb tcb

trjhsijtbl coecioects4

• Abtwbbh 1>>> tk 1>>2 \kyktj wjs `krmbl

tk rbmjii gkrb tcjh j goiiokh mjrs, j

coecbr prkpkrtokh k` tktji vbcomib rbmjiis

tcjh ktcbr mjrgjfbrs.

• \kyktj ̀ jmbs j sbrokus prkaibg tcjt mkuil

tcrbjtbh tcb survovji k` tcb mkgpjhy o` ot

os hkt gkrb tckrkuec oh olbhto`yohe prka-ibgs jhl tcbor kroeohs.

• \cb mkgpjhy os tcrbjtbhbl ay4 mkgaoh-

ohe vbcomib pijt`krgs, tcb scjrohe k` pjrts

abtwbbh gklbis, tcb kutskurmohe k` pijh-

hohe, j sckrtjeb k` bxpbrogbhtji ljtj kh

prktktypbs abmjusb k` sckrtbhbl lbvbi-

kpgbht togb, j sckrtjeb k` bxpbrobhmbl

spbmojiosts jhl jh ohmrbjsb oh wkrfohe

ckurs `kr bgpikybbs.

• Ub jrb wkrrobl jakut tcb prkmbssbs tcjt

jrb votji `kr gjhu`jmturohe sj`b mjrs, auttcjt uitogjtbiy gjy ab oehkrbl … oh tcb

hjgb k` mkgpbtotokh.

• Qbqubsts4 j prokroty kh sj`bty, j rbvobw k`

mkst-rblumtokh gbjsurbs, abttbr trjohohe

`kr mkhtrjmt wkrfbrs, j rbturh tk mrj`ts-

gjhscop.

\cb `jmt tcjt \kyktj hkt khiy fbpt tcos

gbgk sbmrbt, aut `joibl tk cbbl tcb wjrh-

ohes, tbiis j erbjt lbji jakut ckw tcos

mkgpjhy lbjit wotc sj`bty ossubs. Ot‟s

kavokus tcjt prkòts jhl gjrfbtohe trugpblsj`bty mkhmbrhs jhl skuhl bheohbbrohe

dulegbht.

]kurmb4 \cb \ogbs

J ] OEHO@OMJH\ \ BMCHOMJI ] BQPOMB A RIIB\OH O H 1>>1

Kur rbjlbrs gjy ab sckmfbl tk ibjrh tcjt

j tbmchomji sbrvomb auiibtoh (\]A) ossubl ay

\kyktj oh 1>>1 wjrhbl ots lbjibrs jakut

sureohe prkaibgs. Jh jttbgpt tk òx tcb

prkaibg oehkrbl rbprkerjggohe tcb kh-akjrl mkgputbr. Ot mbrtjohiy jppbjrs \kyktj

fhbw ot cjl jh bibmtrkhoms prkaibg.

Ijwybrs oh kur ^rklumt Iojaoioty ]bmtokh

cjl fhkwh jakut tcos \]A `kr skgb togb,

aut jppjrbhtiy HC\]J lolh‟t cjvb fhkwi-

bleb k` ot uhtoi MHH rbpkrtbl kh ot ijst

gkhtc.

:1 www.AjsiyJiih.mg


13/40

\ K_K\J U J] J]FBL O H 1>>5 \ K M KH]OLBQ O H]\JIIOHE ] K@\UJQB \ K ^ QBPBH\ ] RLLBH JMMBIBQJ\OKH

Ot cjs abbh losmkvbrbl tcjt oh 1>>5

`blbrji rbeuijtkrs jsfbl \kyktj Gktkr

Mkrp. tk mkhsolbr ohstjiiohe sk`twjrb tk

prbvbht sullbh jmmbibrjtokh oh ots vbcomibs.

\cos rbqubst mjgb j`tbr j trbgbhlkus

hugabr k` mkgpijohts tcjt vbcomibs mkuil

rjmb kut k` mkhtrki. Ot tkkf \kyktj kvbr twk

ybjrs tk stjrt ohstjiiohe tcb sj`bty `bjturb,

fhkwh js arjfb kvbrrolb. Ot stjrtbl oh

Djhujry j`tbr tcb wolbiy-puai omozbl jmmo -

lbht ohvkivohe j ruhjwjy Ibxus B] tcjt

foiibl `kur pbkpib oh Mjio`krhoj. ]j`bty rbe-

uijtkrs cjvb jmfhkwiblebl tcjt tcby prbs-

surbl \kyktj jejoh ijst `jii tk mkhsolbr tcb

kvbrrolb sk`twjrb oh tcb wjfb k` tcjt

mrjsc, wcomc sbt k`` j mcjoh k` bvbhts

ibjlohe tcb mkgpjhy tk ossub hbjriy :>

goiiokh rbmjii hktombs wkrilwolb.

Arjfb kvbrrolb“sk`twjrb tcjt jutkgjto-mjiiy lrkps j vbcomib‟s tcrkttib tk olib wcbh

aktc tcb arjfb jhl jmmbibrjtkr pbljis jrb

lbprbssbl soguitjhbkusiy“os lbsoehbl tk

stkp j mjr bvbh o` ots bheohb os jmmbibrjtohe.

B-gjois jhl j mkgpjhy gbgkrjhlug

katjohbl ay Mkherbss sckw tcjt Hjtokhji

Coecwjy \rj`òm ]j`bty Jlgohostrjtokh ohvbs-

toejtkrs losmussbl arjfb kvbrrolb wotc

\kyktj k`òmojis oh Jueust 1>>5, jhl tcjt oh

1>>3, j ybjr ab`krb tcb ]jh Lobek mrjsc, tcb

jutkgjfbr krlbrbl jh ohtbrhji `bjsoaoioty

stuly k` tcb tbmchkikey. \kyktj abejhohstjiiohe arjfb kvbrrolb oh `kur rbmjiibl

gklbis oh Djhujry. \kyktj hkw sjys ot woii

bxtbhl tcb `bjturb tk tcrbb ktcbr rbmjiibl

gklbis jhl gjfb ot stjhljrl kh jii hbw

mjrs ay tcb bhl k` tcb ybjr.

Oh tcb b-gjois, k`òmojis oh \kyktj‟s Ujsc-

ohetkh k`òmb lbsmroab abohe jsfbl ay

`blbrji rbeuijtkrs jakut tcb arjfb kvbrrolb,

js wbii js gkloòmjtokhs tk tcb pusc-auttkh

oehotokh kh skgb vbcomibs, js pjrt k` jh

khekohe sullbh-jmmbibrjtokh ohvbstoejtokh

ohvkivohe twk \kyktj gklbis. Jh Jueust 1=,

1>>5, b-gjoi `rkg Mcros ]jhtummo, gjhjebrk` tbmchomji jhl rbeuijtkry j``jors oh tcb

Ujscohetkh k`òmb, tk j supbrokr jhl sbvbh

ktcbr \kyktj bgpikybbs, hktbl tcjt jt ibjst

twk ktcbr gjhu`jmturbrs wbrb jirbjly

usohe arjfb kvbrrolb jt tcb togb. ]jhtummo, j

`krgbr HC\]J ohvbstoejtkr wck dkohbl

\kyktj oh 1>>=, wrktb tcjt cb lolh‟t

’abiobvb tcjt tcbsb ùhmtokhjiotobs jrb tcohes

VrbeuijtkrsW wjht \kyktj tk ogpibgbht,‗

jllohe tcjt ’tcbrb jrb hk rbquorbgbhts tk

lk sk.‗

\cb ohvbstoejtokh wjs miksbl sbvbh

wbbfs ijtbr wotckut j lb`bmt òhlohe ay

HC\]J. Js wb rbpkrtbl ijst gkhtc, \kyktj

k`òmojis ijtbr arjeebl tcjt tcby ’hbektojtbl‗

j `jvkrjaib kutmkgb, sjvohe tcb mkgpjhy

gkrb tcjh $:>> goiiokh. J ybjr ijtbr, j

\kyktj gbgk mjiibl `kr jh ohtbrhji stuly k`

arjfb kvbrrolb tbmchkikey oh rbspkhsb tkohmrbjsohe HC\]J prbssurb kvbr sullbh

jmmbibrjtokh, aut tcb mkgpjhy lol hkt gkvb

tk jlkpt tcb `bjturb.

\kyktj mkhtohubs tk sjy tcjt ìkkr gjt

bhtrjpgbht k` jmmbibrjtkr pbljis jhl stomf-

ohe ejs pbljis jrb tcb mjusbs k` sullbh

jmmbibrjtokh oh ots vbcomibs. Oh rbspkhsb tk

puaiom sfbptomosg jakut tcksb bxpijhjtokhs,

aktc \kyktj jhl HC\]J jrb rbvobwohe tcb

’pkssoaoioty‗ tcjt tcb bibmtrkhom tcrkttib

systbg oh tcb mjrgjfbr‟s vbcomibs mkuil

mjusb tcb prkaibg. Bvbhtujiiy \kyktj woii

cjvb tk jlgot tcjt tcbor progjry sj`bty

prkaibg os rbijtbl tk bibmtrkhoms.

]kurmb4 Iks Jhebibs \ogbs

S.

^QKLRM\

IOJAOIO\_ R^LJ\B

J @ BU K @ \ CB L B@BM\OPB ^ QKLRM\ M J]B]

\ CB @ OQG O ] U KQFOHE K H

Kur òrg cjs abbh cjhliohe prklumt ioj-

aoioty mjsbs `kr ybjrs. Abmjusb j prklumt ioj-

aoioty mijog `kmusbs kh wcbtcbr kr hkt j

prklumt os lb`bmtovb, j prklumt mjsb mjh

jrosb oh jii skrts k` sotujtokhs. \cbsb mjsbs

mjh jrosb oh jhy typb k` prklumt“`rkg jh

jutkgkaoib tk j ijwh gkwbr kr bvbh tk j

trbb stjhl“o` ot os lb`bmtovb jhl wjs skil tk

tcb mkhsugohe puaiom. Oh jutkgkaoib mjsbs,

tcb lb`bmtovb prklumt mkuil ab tcb bhtorb

vbcomib, kr j mkgpkhbht pjrt sumc js tcb

sbjt abit kr torbs. O` jh ohlovoluji os ohdurbl

wcoib kh tcb dka, j prklumt mjsb gjy ab

`kuhl oh tcb lb`bmtovb ohlustroji gjmcohbry

tcjt mjusbl tcb ohdury. Kur ijwybrs jrb

trjohbl tk rbmkehozb lb`bmt mijogs oh jii

typbs k` mjsbs. Jhy jmmolbht, wcbtcbr ot os

jh jutkgktovb kr jh ohlustroji kr jh

jt-ckgb jmmolbht, tcjt ohvkivbs j sbrokus

ohdury kr lbjtc, ohmiulohe pjrjiysos, ikss k`

ioga kr arjoh ljgjeb, sckuil ab mjrbùiiy

jhjiyzbl `kr pkssoaib prklumt iojaoioty

mijogs. Cbrb jrb dust j `bw k` tcb typb k`

prklumt mjsbs kur òrg os murrbhtiy wkrfohe kh.

\or @joiurs

Abmjusb k` tcb puaiomoty surrkuhlohe

tcb @krl/@orbstkhb iotoejtokh, torb `joi-

urbs cjvb abbh rbpkrtbl wotc ohmrbjs-

ohe `rbqubhmy. Jitckuec gkst k` us woii

ike tckusjhls k` goibs oh kur io`btogbs

wotckut sk gumc js jh jor ibjf, torb `joi-

urbs mjh jhl lk kmmur rbeuijriy. Gjhy

k` tcbsb `joiurbs mjh ab lorbmtiy jttroa-

utbl tk gjhu`jmturohe lb`bmts, lbsoeh

lb`bmts, kr j torb gjhu`jmturbr‟s `joiurb

tk wjrh k` ljhebrs ohcbrbht oh tcbor

prklumts. \cbsb ljhebrs cjvb abbh

fhkwh tk tcb torb ohlustry `kr ybjrs.

\orb gjhu`jmturbrs fhkw tcjt torb

trbjls woii wbjr wotc prkpbr usb jhl

jt skgb pkoht `joi o` hkt sbrvombl prkp-

briy jhl rbpijmbl j`tbr tcbor ohtbhlbl

pbrokl k` usb cjs bxporbl. ]k, torb `joi-urbs, aikwkuts jhl lbtrbjls jrb `krb-

sbbjaib bvbhts. Jitckuec hkt jii torb

`joiurbs rbsuit oh sbrokus jmmolbhts, tcb

sullbh `joiurb k` j torb mjh mjusb j

vbcomib tk iksb mkhtrki jhl rkii kvbr kr

mkiiolb wotc ktcbr vbcomibs kh tcb

rkjlwjy. \orb `joiurbs jrb bspbmojiiy

ljhebrkus o` tcb vbcomib os trjvbiohe jt

coecwjy spbbls.

\orb trbjl sbpjrjtokh mjh ab mjusbl ay

akhlohe prkaibgs oh tcb torb gjhu`jm-

turohe prkmbss, mkhtjgohjhts ohtrk-lumbl ohtk tcb torb lurohe tcb torb

gjfohe prkmbss, uhlbr-vuimjhozjtokh,

kil oherblobhts, ogprkpbr sozbl mkgpk-

hbhts, kr skgbtcohe js sogpib js jor

abohe trjppbl oh abtwbbh tcb ijybrs k`

tcb torb lurohe gjhu`jmturohe. Lbtrbjl-

ohe k` tcbsb lb`bmtovb torbs mjh rbsuit oh

soheib- kr guito-vbcomib jmmolbhts, kr

bvbh rkiikvbrs. Bvbh tcb jutk gjhu`jm-

turbrs jerbb tcjt lrovbrs sckuil ab jaib

tk puii kvbr, hkt rkiikvbr, wcbh j torb

lbtrbjls. \cjt os uh`krtuhjtbiy hktjiwjys tcb mjsb.

O` yku wkuil iofb gkrb oh`krgjtokh kr

cjvb j qubstokh, yku mjh mkhtjmt Erbe

Jiibh (Erbe.JiibhNabjsibyjiibh.mkg)

kr Mkib ^krtos (Mkib.^krtosNabjsiby

jiibh.mkg) kr D^ ]jwybr (D^.]jwybrN

abjsibyjiibh.mkg) jt 3>>-3?3-1>=


14/40

]jt Aits

\cbrb jrb tckuect tk ab twk mkiiosokhs oh

jh jutk jmmolbht. \cb `orst mkiiosokh os tcb

vbcomib‟s ogpjmt wotc jhktcbr vbcomib kr

kadbmt. \cb sbmkhl mkiiosokh os tcb pjssbh-

ebr‟s ogpjmt wotc tcb ohtbrokr k` tcb

vbcomib, kr oh mjsbs k` bdbmtokh, ogpjmt

kutsolb tcb vbcomib. ]bjt abit ohdurobs kmmur

wcbh j lb`bmt ovb sbj t abi t `jo is tk jlb -

qujtbiy prktbmt j vbcomib pjssbhebr oh tcb

’sbmkhl mkiiosokh‗ pcjsb k` jh jutkgkaoib

jmmolbht. \cb purpksb k` j sbjt abit os tk

gohogozb tcb ohdurobs mjusbl oh j sbmkhl

mkiiosokh, ay rblumohe kr biogohjtohe ohduro-

kus kmmupjht mkhtjmt wotc tcb vbcomib‟s

ohtbrokr. ]bjt abit ohdurobs k`tbh kmmur wcbh

tcbrb os j sbjt abit lbsoeh, prklumtokh, kr

ohstjiijtokh lb`bmt. _ku gjy cjvb j sbjt abit

lb`bmt mjsb o`4

• jh kmmupjht wck wjs abiobvbl tk cjvb

abbh abitbl os `kuhl uhabitbl j`tbr tcbjmmolbht6

• j abitbl kmmupjht gjfbs mkhtjmt wotc

tcb vbcomib ohtbrokr, rbsuitohe oh ohdury6

• tcb kmmupjht os bdbmtbl kutsolb tcb

vbcomib kr kutsolb tcb rbstrjoht k` tcb sbjt

abit, aut tcb sbjt abit aumfib os ijtmcbl6

• tcb wbaaohe k` tcb sbjt abit os ikksb j`tbr

tcb jmmolbht6

• tcb wbaaohe k` tcb sbjt abit os tkrh6

• tcb lkkr gkuhtbl sbjt abits oh tcb

vbcomib wbrb ohb``bmtovb wcbh tcb lkkr

k` tcb vbcomib kpbhbl6

• tcb sbjt abit os ’khiy‗ j ijp abit kr sckui-

lbr abit6

• tcb vbcomib kmmupjht mkgpjrtgbht os

ohtjmt jhl j abitbl kmmupjht os ohdurbl6 kr

• tcb sbjt abit gkuhts mjgb ikksb `rkg tcb

`ikkr kr vbcomib poiijrs lurohe tcb jmmo-

lbht.

O` yku wkuil iofb gkrb oh`krgjtokh kr

cjvb j qubstokh, yku mjh mkhtjmt Mkib ^krtos

kr Erbe Jiibh jt 3>>-3?3-1>=>-3?3-1>=>-

3?3-1>=< kr bgjoi tcbg jt Ijajrrkh.

AkkhbNabjsibyjiibh.mkg kr Fbhljii.

LuhskhNabjsibyjiibh.mkg.

Aoe \rumf Mjss

^rklumt iojaoioty mjsbs jrb k`tbh kvbr-

ikkfbl, bspbmojiiy oh soheib vbcomib

jmmolbhts ohvkivohe ijreb trumfs.

Ckwbvbr, tcbkrobs k` lb`bmt jppiy

bqujiiy tk :3-wcbbibrs js tcby lk tk

mjrs. @kr bxjgpib, lb`bmtovb rkk`s jhl

lb`bmtovb sbjtabits mjusb ohdurobs oh

:3-wcbbibr trumf jmmolbhts js wbii js

pjssbhebr mjr wrbmfs. Jisk, skgb

lb`bmts, sumc js lb`bmtovb uhlbr rolb

prktbmtokh, jrb jigkst bxmiusovb tk

:3-wcbbibr trumfs. ]k, ot os ogpkrtjht tk

fbbp ykur bybs kpbh wcoib ohvbstoejt-

ohe jh :3-wcbbibr jmmolbht sk tcjt yku

lkh‟t goss ogpkrtjht prklumt iojaoioty

mijogs.

\jfb tcb togb tk ikkf jt tcb mkrrbijtokhabtwbbh tcb sbvbroty k` tcb jmmolbht

jhl tcb sbvbroty k` ykur miobht‟s ohdu-

robs. Lbtbrgohb o` tcbrb os j cbjljmcb

(cbjlbr akjrl) rjmf lb`bmt, j sbjtabit

lb`bmt, jh joraje lb`bmt, uhlbrrolb prk-

tbmtokh lb`bmt, rkk` strumturb lb`bmt, kr

jhy ktcbr lb`bmt. O` yku wkuil iofb

gkrb oh`krgjtokh kr cjvb jhy qubs-

tokhs, pibjsb `bbi `rbb tk mkhtjmt Abh

Ajfbr, j ijwybr oh tcb ]bmtokh. Cos bgjoi

os Abh.AjfbrNabjsibyjiibh.mkg. Cb mjh

jisk ab rbjmcbl jt 3>>-3?3-1>=> jhl =2>> pbkpib jrb

lojehksbl wotc gbsktcbiokgj. Gbsk-

tcbiokgj mjhmbr, kr gjioehjht gbsktcb-

iokgj, os j rjrb losbjsb ebhbrjiiy

j``bmtohe tcb iohohe k` tcb mcbst kr

jalkgohji mjvoty. Gbsktcbiokgj mjhmbr

os gkst strkheiy jsskmojtbl wotc bxpk-

:< www.AjsiyJiih.mg


15/40

surb tk jsabstks, jhl mjh rbgjoh ijtbht

oh tcksb bxpksbl `kr 1> tk 2> ybjrs.

Gbsktcbiokgj os j lbjliy losbjsb. Ay

tcb togb tcb sygptkgs jppbjr jhl

mjhmbr os lojehksbl, tcb losbjsb os

k`tbh jlvjhmbl. \cb jvbrjeb survovji

togb os jakut khb ybjr. \cb òvb-ybjr

rbijtovb survovji rjtb os jrkuhl :>%.

Abmjusb k` tcb ikhe ijtbhmy pbrokl

(tcb pbrokl k` togb `rkg bxpksurb tk

gjho`bstjtokh k` sygptkgs) ohvkivbl

oh gbsktcbiokgj mjsbs“1> tk 2>

ybjr s“gbsktcbiokgj mjsbs prbsbht

uhoqub mcjiibhebs. @kr bxjgpib,

abmjusb ot os hbmbssjry tk prkpbriy

olbhto`y tcb jsabstks-mkhtjohohe prkl-

umts tcb miobht wjs bxpksbl tk, ot os

hbmbssjry tk lbvbikp jhl gjohtjoh jh

bvbr bxpjhlohe ioarjry k` prklumt

olbhtoòmjtokh gjtbrojis. \cb prklumt

olbhtoòmjtokh ioarjry mkhsosts k` ijabis,

pcktkerjpcs k` jsabstks prklumts,jlvbrtosohe gjtbrojis jhl tcb iofb `rkg

prklumts usbl oh spbmoòm ohlustroji sbt-

tohes 2> kr gkrb ybjrs jek. @urtcbr,

gjhy k` tcb ikhe-tckuect-k` progjry

Lb`bhljhts oh jsabstks iotoejtokh jrb oh

ajhfruptmy jhl gjhy Mijogjhts jrb

ib`t wotc hk ùrtcbr rbmkursb tcjh tk

sbbf pjygbht tcrkuec j ajhfruptmy

trust.

Js j rbsuit, lbvbikpgbht k` sbmkhljry

jhl tbrtojry Lb`bhljhts cjs abmkgb

gkrb ogpkrtjht jhl prbgosbs iojaoiotymijogs jrb k`tbh ohmiulbl oh murrbht

gbsktcbiokgj ijwsuots. Ohlbbl, gjhy

k` tcb murrbht vojaib gbsktcbiokgj

mijogs prkmbbl jejohst iottib-fhkwh

mkgpjhobs rbspkhsoaib `kr gjhu`jmtur-

ohe jhl sbiiohe jsabstks ejsfbts,

pjmfohe gjtbrojis, ohlustroji ohsuijtokh

usbl oh akoibrs, pkwbr pijhts, scop

yjrls, pugps jhl jor mkgprbsskrs.

Lub tk tcb mkgpibxoty jhl uhoqubhbss

k` tcbsb mjsbs, ot os mrotomjiiy ogpkrtjht

tk jsskmojtb j ijw òrg wotc rbskurmbs

jhl bxpbrobhmb tk tjmfib tcbsb lo`òmuit

jhl mcjiibheohe ossubs. O` yku wkuil

iofb gkrb oh`krgjtokh kr wkuil iofb tk

losmuss j pktbhtoji mjsb, pibjsb mkhtjmt

Gofb Jhlrbws kr Abh Ikmfijr, ijwybrs

oh tcb ]bmtokh. \cby mjh ab rbjmcbl jt

Gomcjbi.JhlrbwsNabjsibyjiibh.mkg kr

Abhdjgoh.I kmfijrNabjsibyjiibh.

mkg kr 3>>-3?3-1>=>? pjssbl j ruib tcjt woii lkuaib tcb

strbhetc k` vbcomib rkk`s k` pjssbhebr

mjrs jhl ioect trumfs stjrtohe oh 1>:1.

Oh tcb gbjhtogb, tcb Ohsurjhmb Ohsto-

tutb `kr Coecwjy ]j`bty woii ab jllohe

j hbw rkk` rjtohe systbg. Ot os ogpkr-

tjht tcjt tcb puaiom uhlbrstjhl wcjt

tcby‟rb auyohe. Oh krlbr tk rbmbovb j

gjreohji rjtohe `rkg tcb Ohsurjhmb

Ohstotutb, gohogug strbhetc tk wboect

rjtok k` 1.2 woii ab rbquorbl. Jh jmmbpt-

jaib rjtohe woii ab =.12.

\k rbmbovb j ekkl rjtohe tcb vbcomib

rkk` gust wotcstjhl j `krmb k` `kur

togbs tcb vbcomibs wboect ab`krb rbjmc-

ohe òvb ohmcbs k` mrusc. Jhytcohe

ikwbr tcjh j 1.2 woii ab mkhsolbrbl j

pkkr vbcomib. \cbrb jrb gjhy vbcomibs

kh tcb rkjl tcjt cjvb ibss tcjh 1.2

strbhetc tk wboect rjtok. \cbrb jrb

sbrokus ohdurobs, ohmiulohe qujlropibeoj

jhl lbjtcs rbsuitohe `rkg tcbsb

bxtrbgbiy pkkr rkk`s. \cb mkst k` tcb

vbcomib os hkt rbijtbl tk rkk` strbhetc.

\cbrb jrb skgb vbry ohbxpbhsovb vbco-

mibs tcjt cjvb vbry strkhe rkk`s.

HJ]MJQ lrovbrs jhl tcbor mjr auoilbrs

cjvb fhkwh `kr ybjrs k` tcb hbbl tkcjvb j strkhe rkk`. \cbsb mjrs mjh rkii

kvbr gjhy togbs jhl tcb kmmupjht

usujiiy bsmjpbs ohdury.

Ckpbùiiy gjhu`jmturbrs woii skgbljy

lbsoeh tcb rkk`s tk prktbmt tcb kmmu-

pjhts. Ot‟s tkk ajl wb cjvb tk wjot `kr

tcb `blbrji ekvbrhgbht tk gjhljtb

strkhebr rkk`s.

Erbe Jiibh

Abjsiby Jiibh

Gjrmc =>, 1>:>

O` yku wjht gkrb oh`krgjtokh kh tcos

suadbmt, yku mjh mkhtjmt Erbe jt 3>>-3?3-

1>=< kr ay bgjoi jt Erbe.JiibhNabjsibyji-

ibh.mkg. Cb woii ab eijl tk jhswbr jhy

qubstokhs yku goect cjvb.

P BQLOM\ O H M J]B O HPKIPOHE JH JEBL JHL Q BMJIIBL \ OQB

J dury oh Mjio`krhoj jwjrlbl $:3 goiiokh

tk j `jgoiy wck ikst tcbor ::-ybjr-kil skh oh

j rkiikvbr mjusbl ay tcb mjtjstrkpcom `joiurb

k` jh jebl, rbmjiibl @orbstkhb \orb. \cb dury

`kuhl tcjt Jgbromjh \orb Lbpkt, tcb lbjibr,

wjs hbeioebht `kr ohstjiiohe tcb :1-ybjr-kil

spjrb lbspotb ots rbmjii stjtus jhl @orbstkhb

ohspbmtokh euolbiohbs jejohst usohe torbs

gkrb tcjh tbh ybjrs k` jeb. Kh Gjy 1>0, tcb mcoil wjs tcb rbjr sbjt pjssbhebr

oh j @krl Bxpikrbr lrovbh ay cos arktcbr,

wcbh tcb ib`t rbjr torb bxpbrobhmbl j mjtj-

www.DrAjsiyQprt.mg :2


16/40

strkpcom trbjl sbpjrjtokh kh j Mjio`krhoj

coecwjy. \cb mcoil, wck wjs wbjrohe cos

sbjtabit, wjs pjrtojiiy bdbmtbl oh tcb rkiikvbr

mrjsc jhl lobl k` gjssovb cbjl ohdurobs.

’\cos trjebly mkuil cjvb abbh bjsoiy prb-

vbhtbl,‗ sjol jttkrhby Qkebr Arjuec, wck

rbprbsbhtbl tcb Gkrbhk `jgoiy. ’\cb `jmts k`

tcos mjsb sckwbl vbry mibjriy tcjt Jgbromjh

\orb Lbpkt lol hkt k``br bvbh j gohogug k`

prk`bssokhji jttbhtokh tk torb sj`bty.‗ Oh Djhujry 1>>0, tcb mcoil‟s `jtcbr arkuect tcb

`jgoiy‟s :??< @krl Bxpikrbr tk Jgbromjh

\orb Lbpkt tk rbpijmb twk rbjr torbs. J\L, j

@orbstkhb lbjibr, jlvosbl tcb `jtcbr tk rktjtb

tcb spjrb, j rbmjiibl @orbstkhb Qjloji J\S,

khtk tcb vbcomib jhl skil cog khb hbw torb.

\cb `jgoiy, wcomc purmcjsbl tcb Bxpikrbr

usbl oh 1>>2, wjs uhjwjrb tcjt tcb @orbs-

tkhb spjrb wjs :1 ybjrs kil jhl pjrt k` tcb

gjssovb 1>>> @orbstkhb rbmjii.

Jt tcb togb J\L ohstjiibl tcb :1-ybjr-kil

rbmjiibl torb, aktc @krl jhl @orbstkhb cjl

ossubl wjrhohes jejohst usohe jebl torbs. J

@orbstkhb lbjibr \bmchomji Auiibtoh, ljtbl

Kmtkabr 1>>2, jlvosbl jejohst tcb usb k`

torbs kilbr tcjh tbh ybjrs, rbejrlibss k` tcb

trbjl lbptc. @krl Gktkr Mkgpjhy jisk

ossubl j wjrhohe oh 1>>2 jlvosohe jejohst

tcb usb k` torbs kilbr tcjh sox ybjrs. @krl‟s

wjrhohe jmtujiiy rbjl4 ’\orbs lberjlb kvbr

togb, bvbh wcbh tcby jrb hkt abohe usbl.

_ku sckuil rbpijmb tcb spjrb torb wcbh yku

rbpijmb tcb ktcbr rkjl torbs lub tk tcb jeohe

k` tcb spjrb torb.‗ \cb torb tbmchomojhs jt

J\L `joibl tk `kiikw tcbsb euolbiohbs, hkrlol tcby mcbmf tk lbtbrgohb o` tcb torb wjs

rbmjiibl.

Jt tcb troji, J\L jmfhkwiblebl tcjt ot

prkvolbl hk trjohohe `kr ots torb tbmchomojhs

kh torb jeohe kr ckw tk rbjl tcb torb ljtb,

wcomc os bgabllbl oh tcb jipcjhugbr om

LK\ mklb gkilbl kh tcb torb solbwjii. \cb

mkgpjhy jisk jlgottbl tcjt ot ijmfbl jhy

pkiomobs kr prkmblurbs tk olbhto`y jhl

mjpturb rbmjiibl torbs. Jh J\L stkrb

gjhjebr tbstoòbl tcjt cb wkuil prkvolb tcb

sjgb sbrvomb jejoh. J mkgpjhy rbprbsbhtj-

tovb mijogbl cb wkuil bxpbmt j tbmchomojh

tk lk ’hktcohe‗ o` prbsbhtbl wotc jh jebl,

rbmjiibl torb.

\cb dury `kuhl tcb torb lbjibr wjs 32%

iojaib `kr tcb mcoil‟s lbjtc. \cb `jgoiy cjl

prbvokusiy sbttibl tcbor mjsb jejohst @orbs-

tkhb. Oh tcb wjfb k` tcos trjebly, tcb

Gkrbhk `jgoiy cjs jlvkmjtbl `kr abttbr torb

sj`bty ijws. J `jgoiy gbgabr tbstoòbl

ab`krb tcb Mjio`krhoj Jssbgaiy oh 1>>?,

ureohe ot tk pjss j aoii rbquorohe torb lbjibrs

tk losmiksb torb jeb.

]bjh Fjhb, ^rbsolbht k` ]j`bty Qbsbjrmc

& ]trjtbeobs, wck cjs abbh jlvkmjtohe `kr

bxporjtokh ljtbs kh torbs jhl mkhsugbr los-

miksurb kh torb jeb, sjys tcjt tcos vbrlomt

sbhls j strkhe gbssjeb tk tcb ohlustry. Cb

cjl tcos tk sjy4

\orb lbjibrs jhl torb gjhu`jmturbrs

gust ogpibgbht pkiomobs tcjt bhsurb

prkpbr trjohohe tk prbvbht jebl jhl

rbmjiibl torbs `rkg abohe ohstjiibl kh

vbcomibs. \cb `joiurb tk lk sk dbkpjr-

lozbs puaiom sj`bty.

Qkebr Arjuec jhl Djskh Ckbismcbr, pjrt-

hbrs jt ]omk, Ucotb, Ckbismcbr & Arjuec,

I.I.^., j ijw òrg ajsbl oh Mkrpus Mcrosto,

\bxjs, rbprbsbhtbl tcb `jgoiy oh tcos mjsb

jhl lol j vbry ekkl dka.

]kurmb4 ]omk, Ucotb, Ckbismcbr & Arjuec, I.I.^.

M KK^BQ \ OQB C BIL Q B]^KH]OAIB @ KQ @ J\JI G OHOPJH Q KIIKPBQ

Jh Okwj dury cjs `kuhl tcjt Mkkpbr \orb

& Quaabr Mk., tcb sbmkhl-aoeebst R.]. torb-

gjfbr, os ijrebiy rbspkhsoaib `kr tcb `jtji

rkiikvbr k` j gohovjh oh 1>>5. \cb dury

`kuhl tcjt tcb Mkkpbr torb tcjt `joibl kh tcb

:??5 Mcrysibr Mkrp. gohovjh wjsh‟t stjtb-

k`-tcb jrt wcbh ot wjs lbsoehbl jhl gjhu-

`jmturbl. J tktji k` $=1.3 goiiokh wjs

jwjrlbl tk tcb îjohto``s. K` tcb tktji, durkrsjwjrlbl $13.< goiiokh tk Ovkh \kb, j

=?-ybjr-kil wkgjh rbhlbrbl qujlropibeom

oh tcb jmmolbht.

ûhotovb ljgjebs k` $:.2 goiiokh wbrb

jisk jssbssbl jejohst Mkkpbr jhl os

ohmiulbl oh tcb tktji vbrlomt. Lkmugbhts

tcjt wbrb lbvjstjtohe tk Mkkpbr‟s mjsb

wbrb ohtrklumbl lurohe tcb troji oh wcomc

Mkkpbr \orb bxbmutovbs losmussbl torb `joiurb

rjtbs jhl tcb mkst k` rbgblojtokh. \cb

mkgpjhy lbijybl gjfohe hbblbl mcjhebs

tk ots prklumts `kr gkrb tcjh `kur ybjrs.

Ubsiby \kll Ajii jhl Fyib @jrrjr, ijwybrs

wotc tcb òrg k` @jrrjr & Ajii oh Ckustkh,

\bxjs, rbprbsbhtbl tcb îjohto``s jhl lol j

vbry ekkl dka.

HC\]J ] CKRIL G JHLJ\B A QJFB K PBQQOLB ] _]\BG

\cb `blbrji ekvbrhgbht os iofbiy tk krlbr

arjfb-kvbrrolb systbgs kh jii ioect vbcomibs

abmjusb k` \kyktj‟s uhohtbhlbl-jmmbibrjtokh

prkaibgs. ]kgb kasbrvbrs abiobvb Ebhbrji

Gktkrs Mk. Jhl Ckhlj Gktkr Mk. prkajaiy

woii `bbi tcb aoeebst ogpjmt. Murrbhtiy, EG

jhl Ckhlj jrb tcb khiy gjdkr jutkgjfbrs

wotckut arjfb-kvbrrolb systbgs oh gkst

vbcomibs jhl tcbsb mkgpjhobs lk hkt cjvb

òrg pijhs tk ohstjii tcb systbgs kh j wolb-

sprbjl ajsos.

\cb twk mkgpjhobs wkuil cjvb tklbvbikp sk`twjrb tk tbii bheohbs tk oehkrb

jmmbibrjtokh mkggjhls o` tcb arjfb pblji os

lbprbssbl. \cb R.]. Lbpjrtgbht k` \rjhs-

pkrtjtokh os mkhsolbrohe j prkpksji tk

rbquorb tcb systbgs kh jii hbw vbcomibs. ]bh.

Djy Qkmfb`biibr (L-UP), mcjorgjh k` tcb

]bhjtb Mkggbrmb Mkggottbb, sjol ibeosij-

tokh gjy ab ohtrklumbl oh Mkherbss wotc j

arjfb-kvbrrolb rbquorbgbht.

Bibmtrkhom arjfb-kvbrrolb systbgs jutk-

gjtomjiiy mut bheohb pkwbr wcbh tcb ejs

jhl arjfb pbljis jrb aktc lbprbssbl. Mijr-

bhmb Lotikw, bxbmutovb lorbmtkr k` tcb

Mbhtbr `kr Jutk ]j`bty, abiobvbs tcb ekvbrh-

gbht wkuil cjvb tk jllrbss wcbh tcb ruib

sckuil ek ohtk b``bmt jhl wcjt pbr`krgjhmb

stjhljrl tk bstjaiosc. Khb ossub, `kr

bxjgpib, woii ab wcbtcbr tk jiikw cji` j

sbmkhl, j sbmkhl kr twk sbmkhls tk bijpsb

abtwbbh tcb jmtovjtokh k` aktc tcb ejs jhl

arjfb pbljis jhl tcb sikwohe k` tcb bheohb,

jmmkrlohe tk Gr. Lotikw.

]kurmb4 Jutkhbws.mkg

SO.

GJ]] \KQ\]

R^LJ\B

J Q B^KQ\ @ QKG K RQ @ OQG ‟ ] G J]] \ KQ\] ] BM\OKH

Jhly Aormcòbil, wck cbjls up kur òrg‟s

Gjss \krts ]bmtokh, prkvolbl tcb `kiikwohe

oh`krgjtokh mkhmbrhohe jmtovotobs oh tcos

]bmtokh. \cb ijwybrs jhl stj`` jrb murrbhtiy

ohvbstoejtohe tcb `kiikwohe tkpoms. Ijwsuots

cjvb abbh òibl jhl jrb pbhlohe oh mkurts

jrkuhl tcb mkuhtry lbjiohe wotc tcbsb

prklumts. ]kgb k` tcbg woii ab gbhtokhbl

oh gkrb lbtjoi oh tcos ossub.

:0 www.AjsiyJiih.mg


17/40

_ JT , _ J]GOH , KQ K MBIIJ

_jz os j mkgaohjtokh aortc mkhtrki poii

mkhtjohohe lrksporbhkhb jhl btcohyi bstrj-

loki. Ot os gjrfbtbl hkt khiy js j mkhtrjmbp-

tovb poii, aut js j prkvbh trbjtgbht `kr

prbgbhstruji lyspckrom loskrlbr (^GLL), j

mkhlotokh wotc sbvbrb bgktokhji jhl pcyso-

mji prbgbhstruji sygptkgs. _jz os jisk gjr-

fbtbl js jh b``bmtovb trbjtgbht `krgklbrjtb jmhb. Ckwbvbr, stulobs ohlomjtb

tcjt _jz pksbs j pjrtomuijr cbjitc cjzjrl

abmjusb khb k` ots twk progjry oherblobhts,

lrksporbhkhb, os j lourbtom, wcomc mjh mjusb

jh ohmrbjsb oh pktjssoug ibvbis oh tcb aikkl

jhl ibjl tk cypbrfjibgoj, wcomc mjusbs

cbjrt rcytcg losturajhmbs tcjt mjh mjusb

aikkl mikts ibjlohe tk sullbh mjrlojm lbjtc

kr puigkhjry bgakiosg kr strkfbs. Lourbt-

oms mjh jisk mjusb soehoòmjht prkaibgs wotc

tcb ejiiaijllbr, ibjlohe tk ejiiaijllbr

rbgkvji.

O` yku cjvb tjfbh _jz, _jsgoh kr Kmbiij

jhl bxpbrobhmb jhy k` tcbsb prkaibgs,

pibjsb mkhtjmt Jiymb Jlloskh, j ijwybr oh

tcb sbmtokh, `kr jllotokhji oh`krgjtokh jt

3>>-3?3-1>=< kr ay bgjoi jt Jiymb.

JlloskhNabjsibyjiibh.mkg.

A JQL M KG^K]OS F REBI G B]C C BQHOJ ^ J\MC ®

\cb Mkgpksox Fuebi Gbsc Cbrhoj ^jtmc,

gjhu`jmturbl ay Ljvki, Ohm., wjs òrst ohtrk-

lumbl oh 1>>>. \cb pjtmc os usbl tk rbpjor

vbhtrji cbrhojs. Oh skgb mjsbs, j cbrhoj mjh

ab rbpjorbl sureomjiiy. Ckwbvbr, wcbh tcb

stkgjmc gusmibs mjh‟t wotcstjhl tcb stotmc-

ohe rbquorbl, gbsc os ohsbrtbl jhl pijmbl

abtwbbh tcb ohtbstohbs jhl tcb stkgjmc

gusmibs tk cbip mkhtjoh tcb ohtbstohbs.

Hkt ikhe j`tbr tcb pjtmc wjs ohtrklumbl

ohtk tcb gjrfbt, tcb @LJ abejh tk rbmbovb

rbpkrts k` prkaibgs wotc tcb pjtmc. Ay

1>>2, tcb hugabr k` rbpkrts cjl erbjtiy

ohmrbjsbl rbejrlohe tcb rbmkoi rohe wcomc

mkuil bjsoiy arbjf. Ucbh tcb rohe arbjfs,pjtobhts bxpbrobhmb akwbi pbr`krjtokhs jhl

ktcbr sbrokus ohdurobs. \cb rbpkrts

prkgptbl tcb @LJ tk ossub j rbmjii oh

Lbmbgabr 1>>2 k` tcb Ajrl Mkgpksox

Fuebi Gbsc cS Ijrjeb ĵtmc. Lkmtkrs wbrb

wjrhbl tk stkp usohe tcjt vbrsokh k` tcb

Fuebi Gbsc Cbrhoj ^jtmc, jhl pjtobhts wotc

tcos pjrtomuijr pjtmc wbrb tkil tk sbbf

gblomji jttbhtokh o` tcby bxpbrobhmbl uhbx-

pijohbl `bvbr, pbrsostbht jalkgohji pjoh, kr

tbhlbrhbss tk tcb ohmosokh sotb. Ay @barujry

1>>5, tcb Fuebi ^jtmc rbmjii cjl abbh

bxpjhlbl twomb tk ohmiulb sbvbrji ktcbr

sozbs k` tcb lbvomb.

\cb cbrhoj gbsc pjtmc os ohsbrtbl ohtk

tcb jalkgbh tcrkuec j sgjii ohmosokh. Oh

krlbr tk òt tcrkuec tcb ohmosokh, tcb gbsc os

`kilbl oh cji` ay tcb surebkh. Khmb ohsolb

tcb jalkgbh, tcb gbsc rb-lbpikys js j

rbsuit k` j ’gbgkry rbmkoi rohe‗ tcjt osbgabllbl oh tcb gbsc. \cb pjtmc wjs

rbmjiibl ay Ljvki j`tbr ot wjs losmkvbrbl

tcjt tcb ’gbgkry rbmkoi rohe,‗ wcomc kpbhs

tcb pjtmc, mjh arbjf uhlbr tcb strbss k` sur-

eomji pijmbgbht. \cb rohe mjh `krg j scjrp,

cjrl bleb wcomc mjh mut ohtk jhl tcrkuec

ohtbrhji krejhs.

O` yku cjl cbrhoj surebry j`tbr 1>>> jhl

cjvb bxpbrobhmbl sogoijr prkaibgs, yku mjh

mkhtjmt Ljhobiib Gjskh, j ijwybr oh tcb

Gjss \krt ]bmtokh, `kr gkrb oh`krgjtokh jt

3>>-3?3-1>=< kr ay bgjoi jt Ljhobiib.

GjskhNabjsibyjiibh.mkg.

@ K]JGJS ®

@ksjgjx®, gjhu`jmturbl jhl cbjvoiy

gjrfbtbl ay Gbrmf, os oh j mijss k` lrues tk

prbvbht jhl trbjt kstbkpkrksos oh pkst-

gbhkpjusji wkgbh. \cb Dkurhji k` Krji

jhl Gjxoiik`jmoji ]urebkhs cjs rbpkrtbl j

iohf abtwbbh aospckspckhjtbs jhl j

sbrokus akhb losbjsb mjiibl Kstbkhbmrksos

k` tcb Djw (KHD). Kstbkhbmrksos os j losòe-urohe jhl losjaiohe mkhlotokh k` tcb djw

akhb tcjt mjusbs oh`bmtokh jhl rkttohe k`

tcb akhb. Kstbkhbmrksos os j lrbjlbl

losbjsb tcjt os k`tbh jmmkgpjhobl ay pjoh,

sk`t-tossub swbiiohe jhl oh`bmtokh, ikksbhohe

k` tbbtc, lrjohjeb, jhl bxpksbl akhb.

]ygptkgs gjy kmmur spkhtjhbkusiy, kr jt

tcb sotb k` prbvokus tkktc bxtrjmtokh.

Ub cjvb jh upmkgohe troji oh Gkhtekg-

bry, Jij. kh abcji` k` j swbbt ijly wck

lbvbikpbl kstbkmbrksos k` tcb djw lub tk

@ksjgjx usjeb.

O` yku cjvb tjfbh @ksjgjx jhl bxpbro-bhmbl jhy k` tcbsb prkaibgs, pibjsb mkhtjmt

botcbr Mcjl Mkkf kr Iboec K‟Lbii, ijwybrs

oh tcb Gjss \krts ]bmtokh, `kr jllotokhji

oh`krgjtokh jt 3>>-3?3-1>=< kr ay bgjoi jt

Mcjl.MkkfNabjsibyjiibh.mkg kr Iboec.

KlbiiNabjsibyjiibh.mkg.

E JQLJ]OI®

Ejrljsoi, j vjmmohb gjhu`jmturbl jhl

gjrfbtbl ay Gbrmf jhl Mkgpjhy, os gjr-

fbtbl js j prbvbhtjtovb `kr mbrvomji mjhmbr.

Ckwbvbr, Ejrljsoi cjs hkt abbh prkvbh tk

prbvbht mbrvomji mjhmbr. Oh `jmt, ot os j

vjmmohb tk prbvbht khiy `kur typbs k` tcb

sbxujiiy trjhsgottbl losbjsb C^P (cugjh

pjpoiikgjvorus) twk k` wcomc jrb jsskmo-jtbl wotc mbrvomji mjhmbr. \cbsb twk typbs

k` C^P jrb prbsbht oh khiy =.=% k` tcb

mjsbs. ]mobhtoòm ljtj ohlomjtbs tcjt tcb

vjmmohb gjy hkt ijst ikhebr tcjh òvb ybjrs,

o` tcjt ikhe. \cb lrue os ohlomjtbl `kr ykuhe

wkgbh jhl gbh `rkg tcb jeb k` hohb ybjrs

kil up tk 10 ybjrs kil, tckuec tcb vjmmohb

os progjroiy eovbh tk eoris. \cb Pjmmohb

Jl vbrsb Bvbh t Qb pkrt oh e ]yst bg cjs

rbmbovbl kvbr :0,>>> rbpkrts k` jlvbrsb

bvbhts rbijtbl tk tcb jlgohostrjtokh k` tcos

vjmm ohb ohmiuloh e 2> lb jtcs . ]b ro ku s

jlvbrsb bvbhts ohmiulb Euoiiojhb Ajrrb,

iupus, sbozurbs, pjrjiysos, aikkl mikts, arjoh

ohìjggjtokh jhl lbjtc. \cb vjmmohb os rbm-

kggbhlbl tk gkst ykuhe eoris oh tcbor

bjriy tbbhs. ^jrbhts sckuil prkmbbl wotc

mjutokh ab`krb jiikwohe tcbor ljuectbrs

(jhl skhs) tk ab vjmmohjtbl. ]kgb abiobvb

tcos lrue mkuil ab tcb hbxt Pokxx lub tk

tcb ljhebrs ohvkivbl.

O` yku kr khb k` ykur mcoilrbh cjvb cjl

tcos vjmmohb jhl bxpbrobhmbl prkaibgs, yku

mjh mkhtjmt Iboec K‟Lbii `kr gkrb oh`krgj-

tokh jt 3>>-3?3-1>=< kr ay bgjoi jt Iboec.KLbiiNabjsibyjiibh.mkg.

C KQGKHB \ CBQJ^_

@kr ybjrs, wkgbh cjvb tjfbh Ckrgkhb

\cbrjpy (C\) tk rblumb tcb sygptkgs k`

gbhkpjusb. ]tulobs hkw sckw tcjt C\

gblomjtokhs sumc js ^rbgprk jhl ^rbgjroh

mjh ohmrbjsb tcb rosf k` arbjst mjhmbr,

kvjrojh mjhmbr, strkfb jhl cbjrt losbjsb.

Kur òrg cjs sbvbrji mjsbs sijtbl `kr troji

tcos ybjr. ]k `jr, durobs cjvb `kuhl oh `jvkr k`îjohto``s oh :: k` :< trojis, jhl oh bjmc mjsb

tcb dury cjs jwjrlbl ljgjebs oh bxmbss k`

$: goiiokh. \cos os hkt surprosohe eovbh tcb

sbrokushbss k` tcbsb ohdurobs. J vbrlomt oh j

C\ mjsb os losmussbl oh tcos ossub.

O` yku kr ykur spkusb tkkf C\ jhl cjvb

abbh lojehksbl wotc arbjst mjhmbr, yku mjh

mkhtjmt \bl Gbjlkws, j ijwybr oh tcb Gjss

\krts ]bmtokh, `kr gkrb oh`krgjtokh jt 3>>-

www.DrAjsiyQprt.mg :5


18/40

3?3-1>=< kr ay bgjoi jt \bl.GbjlkwsN

abjsibyjiibh.mkg.

^ JOH ^ RG^]

^joh pugps jrb pkrtjaib jhl k`tbh los-

pksjaib pjoh gjhjebgbht lbvombs wcomc

mkhtohukusiy jlgohostbr ikmji jhbstcbtom

tcrkuec j mjtcbtbr tk j sureomji wkuhl sotb`kr sbvbrji ljys `kiikwohe surebry tk

lbmrbjsb pkst-kpbrjtovb pjoh jhl jssost oh

bjriobr rbcjaoiotjtokh. J ’_-mkhhbmtkr‗ jmmbs-

skry os skgbtogbs jvjoijaib sk tcjt tcb pjoh

pugp mjh ab usbl kh guitopib wkuhl sotbs.

Qbmbhtiy, tcb usb k` pjoh pugps tk jlgoh-

ostbr gblomjtokh lorbmtiy ohtk tcb eibhkcu-

gbrji dkoht spjmb `kiikwohe sckuilbr

surebry cjs abbh iohfbl tk j sbvbrb mkhlo-

tokh mjiibl ^kstjrtcrksmkpom Eibhkcugbrji

Mckhlrkiysos (’Mckhlrkiysos‗), oh wcomc

tcb mjrtoijeb k` tcb cugbrji cbjl jhl tcb

eibhkol spjmb k` tcb sckuilbr prkmbss cjsabbh lbstrkybl jhl ikst. \cb lbstrumtokh k`

tcb sckuilbr mjrtoijeb mjh ab jttroautbl tk

tcb jppiomjtokh k` jhbstcbtom gblomjtokh

lorbmtiy ohtk tcb dkoht spjmb voj tcb pjoh

pugp mjtcbtbr. Oh 1>>=, ot jppbjrs tcjt

skgb pjoh pugp gjhu`jmturbrs gjy cjvb

ohmrbjsbl tcb jhbstcbtom lksohe mjpjmoty k`

tcbor pjoh pugps, wcomc gjy cjvb cjstbhbl

tcb khsbt k` Mckhlrkiysos oh skgb pjtobhts.

Mckhlrkiysos sygptkgs usuji

Documents

The Jere Beasley Report, Apr. 2010