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The JINA Center for the Evolution of the ElementsOverview, Status, Plans
Hendrik Schatz, MSU
- A NSF Physics Frontiers Center- An interdisciplinary and multi-
institutional research center- A center for the field of nuclear
astrophysics
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
Institute for AdvancedStudies Sao Paulo
Center for Nuclear AstrophysicsShanghai University
Monash Center for Astrophysics
EMMI
UKAKUREN, Japan
Oslo
ChTEC EU Cost Action
NAOJ, Japan
JINA-CEE is a Multi-Institutional and Interdisciplinary Center for the Field
• JINA-CEE connects astronomy groups, large facilities, ARUNA laboratories, National Laboratories and nuclear theory
• JINA-CEE is growing and evolving (Recent additions: Rutgers, Amsterdam, Hull, Oslo, ChETEC, NAOJ)
Hull
Amsterdam
Core Institutions: MSUNotre Dame, ASU, UW
28 Institutions+ Individual Members
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
Nuclear Astrophysics is Enabled by Close Connections Across Subfields and Diverse Capabilities
Accelerator Facilities: Stable beam, Radioactive BeamUnderground
High Performance Computing
Telescopes(optical, UV, X-ray, GW)
LIGOGravitational Waves
Nuclear Theory
Questions Addressed: • What is the origin of the elements? • What is the nature of dense matter?
Connections created within JINA-CEEand across the entire fieldAstrophysics
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
JINA-CEE has Broad Impact on the Entire Field of Nuclear Astrophysics
JINA gives the field a voice
• JINA Detroit Town Meeting 2012• Follow up at APS Town Meeting
2014 as part of LRPà Unique perspective of nuclear
and astrophysics communitiesà White Paper: arXiv:1603.02213
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 94 (2017) 1
JINA-CEE: a continuous attractor and focal point for the field that fosters a unique interdisciplinary community• Open collaboration that is growing • Broad community participation in workshops and visitor programsà Rapid exchange of ideas and data across field boundariesà New directions
Many other ASTRO2020 White PapersBy JINA-CEE members
ASTRO2020JINA-CEE co-organized workshop
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
Broad Impact Through Workshops and Schools
• Many JINA-CEE workshops and schools are unique in cutting across fields and fostering communication
• cooperation with TALENT, CNA, Navi, Munich, TRIUMF to leverage funding
• April 29, “i-process workshop”, Canada• May 15, “First Frontiers Summer School”, MSU• May 20, “Frontiers in Nucl. Astrophysics”, MSU• June 24, X-ray bursts: “Bursting the Bubble”,
Netherlands• July 1, “… r-process in the multi-messenger
era”, Italy• August 12, MICRA, (Computational Relativistic
Astrophysics) Germany• September 9 CEMP Stars as Probes of First-
Star Nucleosynthesis …. Switzerland• September 20 Weak Interactions, Hong Kong• September 22 p-process, Italy
Planned Workshops:• Frontiers in Nuclear Astrophysics, ND• R-process Alliance, MIT• Broadening the Impact of JINA-CEE’s
Chemical Evolution … Modeling, MIT• Lithium in the Universe, Rome, Italy• R-Matrix, Ohio University or LLNL• Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes,
Budapest (with ChETEC)• Statistical Nuclear Physics for Astrophysics
and Applications (Ohio U)
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
JINA-CEE Schools and Workshops are a Resource for
All Young Scientists in Nuclear Astrophysics
• Unique project based, cooperative learning
• Interdisciplinary and international
• Emphasize community building among participants
• Create educational resources
• Coming Soon: MESA Nuclear Astrophysics School
Ion Optics School, MSU/ND
Network School, Germany
Nucl. Astr. School, China
Annual Frontiers in Nucl. Astro.With Junior WorkshopFrontiers Summer School
1st Frontiers Summer School• Proposed and organized by postdocs
and students
• Chair: Matt Caplan McGill/IU
• Innovative approaches
• Lectures by experienced postdocs
à Indicates formation of a community
Annual Frontiers Meeting• Organized by Students and Postdocs
• Chair 2019: Stephanie Lyons
• Preceded by junior workshop with
introductions, professional development
• Science highlights – many presentations by young scientists
• Diversity topics, participant driven agenda
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
JINA-CEE Triggered Developments Have Broad Impact and are Available to the Community [1]
CASPAR @Homestake (ND, CSM, SDSM)First US Nuclear Astrophysics Underground Accelerator
Under construction
In use
St George Separator @ISNAP (ND, Naples)Recoil separator for stable beam reactions
HABANERO @NSCL (MSU, ND, OhioU)Neutron Detector for (a,n)Joint development, rapid response to new astrophysics
SECAR Separator/JENSA Gas Target@FRIB/NSCL (ANL, CSM, LSU, MSU, ND, ORNL, Rutgers)
Enables FRIB to measure reaction rates
In Use Commissioning
Under construction
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
New JINA Stellar Abundance Database(Abohalima & Frebel 2018)
Weak rate library completed(Sullivan, Zegers, et al.)
Reaclib database for nuclear reaction rates(Cyburt et al. 2018)
NuGRID (NuGRID collaboration, UVic, MSU)WENDI yield interfaceGCE Modules SYGMA, OMEGA, GAMMA,STELLAB
AZURER-matrix code
MESA contributions, MESA-web (Timmes)
JINA-CEE Triggered Developments Have Broad Impact and are Available to the Community [2]
AZURE Team at IAEA
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
JINA-CEE Website Provides Scientific, Professional, and Educational Resources
9
Jinaweb.org
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
Connects the Community Internationally
MOCA Monash(A. Heger, D. Galloway, J. Lattanzio, M. Lugaro)
EMMI, GSI (Dense Matter)
Center for NuclearAstrophysicsShanghai University
Canada Associations:- TRIUMF, Vancouver- McGill University- University of Victoria
Institute for Advanced StudiesSao Paulo
D. PageMexico
Associated CenterAssociated InstitutionAdvisory/Design
UKAKUREN, Japan
Amsterdam(X-ray Observations)
Hull(Chemical Evolution)
Heidelberg CRC(Astronomy)
NAOJCHeTEC
NuGRID(Computation)
NINS proposalfor visitor programwith JINA-CEE approved
New Network to Network Cooperation
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
Science Example: JINA-CEE Has Been at the Forefront of a Paradigm Shift in Nucleosynthesis
[La/
Eu]
r-process
s-process
Observed Element Ratios from Stellar Spectroscopy(JINABase graph) F. Herwig (preliminary)
Lots of evidence for abreakdown of the simple textbook pictureof heavy element synthesisvia s- and r-processà Continuum of n-capture
processesà Nuclear physics
integrated: Large error bars
[Ba/La]
i-process
Weak r-process
Model
s-process
r-process
Log
neut
ron
dens
ity
1s nuclear errorfrom HF n-capture rates
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
Broad Impact on Nuclear Physics Needs
i-process
Weakr-process
s-process
r-process
Log
neut
ron
dens
ity
Stars: C-O Shell Mergers(Ritter et al. 2018)
Stars: H-Ingestion(Herwig et al. 2015, Clarkson et al. 2018, Banerjee et al. 2019
Rapidly AccretingWhite Dwarfs(Denissenkov et al. 2018)
n-driven Windsin Supernovae(Bliss et al. 2017)
(a,n) reactions beyond Fe
n-capture on unstable nuclei
Neutron source reactions
New astrophysical developments New nuclear developments?HABANERO and SECAR programat NSCL/ReA3(Meisel, Montes, Pereira et al.)
CASPAR UndergroundAccelerator
b-Oslo programat NSCL,TRIUMF, ANL(Liddick, Spyrou, Larsen et al.)
Surrogate reactions(e.g. Ratkiewicz et al. 2019)
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
Neutron Star Merger Advances Triggered by GW170817 Reveal Complex r-Process Picture
+n-driven windsfrom neutron star
• Four different r-process sites!• FRIB will tell us what elements these produce
for a given model• Close connection to astronomy will be essential
e.g. for sensitivity studies• Will need to rapidly evolve with model progress• Will need to adapt to specific questions
Mumpower, Surman, McLaughlin, Aprahamian
FRIB400
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
Indications for Multiple Main r-Proccess SitesBeyond Neutron Star Mergers
GCE Study: Cote et al. 2018: à Observed NS-NS merger rate and ejecta mass
constraints compatible with main r-process siteà BUT: within uncertainties a small contribution
is also possibleà Siegel Barnes and Metzger 2018: If NS-NS mergers
produce r-process THEN collapsars ought to be the dominant r-process site as similar conditions
Recent Additional GCE Study: Cote et al. 2018: (similar conclusions by Haynes and Kobayashi 2018)à Conflict with observations for NS merger
delay time distributions that are compatible with - short GRB rate in early type Galaxies and - observation of GW170817 in early type Galaxy- delay times estimated for known systems etc
à Requires an additional main r-process site
C-O-Shell Mergers
In Stars
Binary Stellar Yields
Winds in Supernovae
• np-process
• Weak r-process
Hydrogen ingestion:
i-process
Dynamical ejecta
Wind ejecta
Disk ejecta
Novae
Collapsars?
NS Mergers
à Conclusion from JINA-CEE: Much more Complex Picture
à Dynamic, Non-Spherical Sites & Dense Matter are Key
à Need to address nucleosynthesis in the context of
all processes – cannot look at these in isolationGood News: First glimpse at more complete theory
Rapidly AccretingWhite Dwarfs
Strong Dense Matter Connection
Accreting Neutron Stars
The Future Frontier:
JINA Center for Dynamic Nucleosynthesis
s-process
s-processp-process
The Future is Bright: A Unique Opportunity with Game Changing New Capabilities Across Fields
Multi-Messenger Observations Multi-Laboratory Experiments
FRIB, ANL – Rare Isotopes
FRIB – SECARUnstable beams
ARUNA – new equipmentStable Beams
CASPAR/DIANAUnderground
CHILI- GrainAnalysis
LIGO/VIRGO– Grav Waves
LSST – Time Domain
NICER, NuSTAR, IXPEX-rays
Theory and Computational Advances
JINA-CDN Goals: • Connect to new communities – especially
connect nuclear and gravitational wave communities
• Synergistically combine advances in multiple sub-fields and drive future programs and developments
• Achieve a reasonably complete theory of nucleosynthesis?
TESS, PLATO Asteroseismology
DESI, WEAVE, 4MOST
- Large Scale Surveys
GAIA– Astrometry
Blue WatersStampede 2…Computing
Nuclear Theorywith ErrorsMulti-D
Nucleo-synthesis
JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center
JINA Status• JINA had a strong impact on the
field• JINA is constantly adapting to
new developments and directions and will play a critical role in the FRIB-LIGO era
• Current funding period ends 08/2020
• Pre-proposal for continuation as NSF Physics Frontiers Center submitted
• A resolution from the LE community that acknowledges the importance of JINA for the field would be helpful
F. Timmes