January 26, 2015 Aim: How did American culture evolve during the Gilded Age?

• Do Now: Finish this statement:

• The Haymarket Affair led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor because…

• Their association with anarchists created a great deal of public fear and uncertainty towards labor unions.

Key Concept 6.3

• The “Gilded Age” witnessed new cultural and intellectual movements in tandem with political debates over economic and social policies.

• APUSH curriculum framework, pg 63

How did the nature of cities change during the Gilded Age?

• Urbanization – the rise of cities

– Developed simultaneously with industrialization

Improvements in internal structure and design

• Streetcars

• Suspension bridges

• Skyscrapers Brooklyn Bridge - 1883

Woolworth Building, 1913 233 Broadway

Challenges of Urbanization • Low wages, dangerous working conditions

– Divide between poor and wealthy

– Tenements common (depicted by Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives)

• Child labor

– “Mother” Mary Harris Jones – AFL

Challenging the Gilded Age

• Social Gospel

– Challenged Social Darwinism and laissez-faire

– Christians were responsible for urban poor

• Socialist Party challenged capitalism

– Edward Bellamy - Looking Backward, 2000-1887

– Utopian society that fixed economic and social injustices

– Encouraged Americans away from laissez-faire

Intellectual and Cultural Movements

• Social Sciences

– New fields emerged – psychology, sociology, political science (Woodrow Wilson)

– W.E.B. Du Bois – advocated for integrated schools, equal access to higher education for blacks.

Literature and the Arts • Realism : Mark Twain (Huck Finn), Jack London (The

Call of the Wild)

Thomas Eakins’ The Agnew Clinic

Winslow Homer, “Saved”

Architecture

Frank Lloyd Wright, “Robie House”

Frederick Law Olmstead, Central Park, NYC

Popular Culture

Interpretation

• The ability to describe, analyze, and evaluate diverse interpretations of historical sources.

• The ability to construct your own interpretation.

Which TWO statements best express historical interpretation?

1. By giving people shared experiences as fans, spectator sports promoted the blending of diverse immigrants into Americans.

2. Globalization in recent years has caused historians to focus on European influences on American culture in the late 19th century.

3. People today still read the works of Jack London and Mark Twain.