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The Korean Conundrum: Managing stigma in the recruitment of group counseling members. Ji-yeon Lee, M.A., Stephanie Budge, M.A., Jennifer Wilson, M.A., Jenny Roper, M.A. University of Minnesota February 10, 2011. Presentation Overview. Overview of ethical considerations - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Overview of ethical considerations Case example: Korean female
international students Contributing factors including cultural
context How we handled Future Directions (e.g., prevention) Discussion
Confidentiality Selection/De-selection Multicultural populations
• Limits in groups (Yalom, 2005; Appelbaum & Greer, 1993)
• Fears about the lack of confidentiality Gossip Technological barriers Casual encounters Misunderstanding what is confidential
information Misunderstanding when information is
confidential (within group boundaries)
Good group therapy begins with good client selections (Yalom, 2005, p. 231)
› “The great majority of clinicians do not select for group therapy. Instead, they deselect” (p. 231).
› This process tends to be based on clinical wisdom rather than empirically derived (Kincade, 2004)
Severe psychopathology Having a personality disorder Being actively suicidal Lack of fit with other members (Kincade, 2004)
Can be the ideal place to explore concerns process experiences of oppression and exclusion (Johnson, 2009; Lee, 1997)
May be asked to be the “spokesperson” for their group (Johnson, 2009)
When the community is small, the group members may see each other often (Lee, 1997)
Similar to a small college or small town, when you see another student frequently on campus, it is difficult to reveal personal information in the group (Kincade, 2004)
LGBT community International students from the same
countries Graduate students from the same
programs Individuals from the same residence
hall or hometown
Six South Korean women studying at U. of Minn.; seeking services at UCCS
Two open process groups; one Assertiveness Workshop› Potential members brought their concerns
about joining during screening› Initial group meeting, appeared familiar
with each other› Potentially transfer to alternate group;
Korean co-facilitator
Screened for WIG, wanted Grad WomenScreened for Grad Women– InMentioned B
Screened for Grad Women, wanted Grad Women or AssertMentioned AScreened for Assertiveness Workshop – In
A
B
E
C
D
F
Screened for WIG – In Was an older undergraduateOn first day of WIG, knew D. Decided to drop out. Considered USO group.
Discussed Conundrum in Group Sup
Screened for WIG – InDiscussed: will be other Korean in group during screening. Ok by DOn first day of WIG, knew C. Decided to stay in WIG
Screened for Assertiveness – InDespite the fact that 2 Korean women in Assertiveness Workshop, the issue never came up. It seemed to be a safe enough environment.
Screened for Grad WomenAsked if other Korean women in the group.Said she was not willing to join such a group, decided to do individual work
A B C D E F
Intern’s contribution to increasing awareness of UCCS services within Korean community
Cohesion of Korean community Few Korean colleges; graduate students
likely already knew each other from their undergraduate institutions in Korea
Small general population in Korea; events reported back become well-known in community
Multiple sub-groups within Korean community:› Graduate / Undergraduate› Asian-American / Korean International› Independently financed / Scholarship
recipients› Male / Female
No secret Gossip Saving face -> reputation as a
professional Double standard in dating -> reputation
as a potential marriage partner
› Expression of interest in two groups› Preference for Grad Women’s group› Self-chosen de-selection› Preference for individual counseling
Importance of supervision and peer consultation
Use of Korean intern as our “bridge-person”
Confront assumptions about specific communities
Lack of conversation about group therapy modality in multicultural training
Raised ethical considerations otherwise not discussed (i.e., confidentiality)
Address the issue within group screening Questions of confidentiality/priming
Outreach to Korean communities on campus
Provide space at UCCS for social gatherings/support
International Student & Scholar Services—collaborate to decrease stigma
Reactions to case; critique of resolution Concerns with other populations Similar experiences at other
campuses? Other service limitations Confidentiality issues