The Leaders of Russia Where the people ever happy with their leaders? Peace, Land and Bread!! Alexander I: Russia was mostly an Agricultural country where feudalism and serfdom and still very much alive. Nobles had unlimited power and could buy and sell serfs. Alexander I will die suddenly of a fever. He was an AUTOCRAT, which is Greek for rule by oneself. Nicholas I: Decembrists Revolt: 1825 will be led by army officers (got ideas from Napoleon) : Crushed 500 peasant uprisings Secret police- If you mentioned change or reform you would be arrested. Little or no eduction took place. Alexander II: Crimean War: got beat by Russia on there own soil. Russia was far behind in technology. Alexander III: Serfdom will end in 1861 People would be allowed trials. Land goes to the nobles. Alexander gets killed by a bomb. Nicholas II: 7 Students will begin to study Karl Marx and communism. I shall maintain the principle of autocracy An Enlightenment of sorts was taking place Russo-Japanese War: the Czar figured a war would shift attention away from their problems to other things. The Japanese would WIN! Alexis: a son is born 9 The Revolution 1905: 200,000 workers and their families approached the palace asking for better working conditions. His Generals ordered that the soldiers fire on the crowd and died. This was called Sunday Bloody. The Czar knew that he could no longer ignore the people and established the first DUMA! (like a Parliament) The Duma will dissolve in 3 months. Moderates will push for a constitution but Nicholas II will block all attempts. 9 10 World War I and Russia : 2 million dead WWI will UNITE Russia & create National PRIDE They could not produce enough, many soldiers had no rifles or bullets. Nicholas II will leave Russia and go to the front. (Why?) Food and fuel shortages forced Russia out of the war. People came home wanting bread and peace. 11 The Revolutionaries: 1917 They were divided into 2 groups: Bolsheviks: The majority party led by Lenin and who wanted to set up a dictatorship. (REDS)This was an overthrow of the govt. Mensheviks: The minority who disagreed with the plan of taking over the government. They wanted to move more slowly through the use of higher wages, suffrage, and welfare programs. The Peasants: Social Revolutionaries who wanted land distributed fairly. The Industrial Workers: Social Democrats who were embracing Karl Marxs ideas that the working class would one day overthrow the ruling class. (split into 2 groups) The White Army will fight the Bolsheviks, million die V.I. Lenin Brother was killed for trying to kill Tsar Lenin was Exiled, Siberia And then to Switzerland. L.Trotsky 12 Karl Marx: What is Marxism? Karl Marx was trying to develop a critique of society which he claimed was both scientific and revolutionary. Said that,Power should be held by workers. Workers will unite across national borders to wage class warfare. How does that workout? The theory seeks the elimination of private property in order to gain control of the economic "means of production" by taking it from the bourgeois (the wealthy or propertied class) for the benefit of the proletariat (working class.) 13 PEACE LAND AND BREAD Germany tried to help Lenin return to Russia. His slogan was Peace, Land, and Bread This was the beginning of the socialist order, first was to divide all the farm land up. Lenin thought the Socialist revolution was going to spread to Germany. Germany lost the war and it did not spread. 13 Peace, Land and Bread!! 14 Treaty of Brest Litovsk 1918: Russia will adopt a modern calendar in 1918 as they were behind the rest of Europe by 13 days Germany will sign Treaty of Brest Litovsk with Germany giving up a huge chunk of land and territory. Russia lost 300,000 miles Louisiana purchase was 820,000 miles Civil War will rage on in Russia for 3 years. Reds vs. White (counter revolutionaries. The Allies actually Intervened And tried to help The whites win. This did nothing Rasputin and Cheka: Nicholas II will begin to prepare for WWI. This was one of the worst decision of his life. His son Alexis was a hemophiliac:blood does not clot. Rasputin: Holy man that will influence the Czarina. (Alexandra) First head of Cheka A secret police who executed ordinary citizens, and this is when the forced labor camps came into existence. Later known as the KGB. 16 The scattered foes of the Revolution were defeated by This flag will symbolize the union of the workers and the peasants. THE END