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THE VENTRAL PATHWAY Review 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 3
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THE LEXICAL INTERFACE IOCT 23, 2015 – DAY 24
Brain & LanguageLING 4110-4890-5110-7960NSCI 4110-4891-6110Fall 2015
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Course organization• http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/BrLg/• Fun with https://www.facebook.com/BrLg15/• I am still working on grading.• http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/BrLg/t16-Ventral
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
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THE VENTRAL PATHWAYReview
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
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The original
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
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Saur et al. (2008) diffusion tensor imaging tractography
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
Dual pathway network for language. Composite fiber network for repetition (blue) and comprehension (red). Three-dimensional tractography renderings visualize the spatial orientation of both networks to each other. Dashed white line illustrates the bisection of the frontal lobe into a ventral part, which is connected to the postrolandic brain via the ventral pathway and a dorsal part, which is connected to the postrolandic brain via the dorsal pathway.
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My fourth and final revision
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
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The dorsal pathway: repetition
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
What is your name?
What is your name?
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The ventral pathway: comprehension
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
my cat
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Review of linguistic notation
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
'æ'
[N cat](morpho)syntactic
[kæt]phonetic
⟦cat⟧semantic
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The process as a list
1. ear2. auditory cortex3. STS4. lexical interface5. combinatorial net
16. combinatorial net
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1. [maik̯æt]2. [m][a][i]̯[k][æ][t]3. [mai]̯ [kæt]4. ⟦mai⟧̯ ⟦kæt⟧5. ⟦⟦mai⟧̯ ⟦kæt⟧⟧6. [NP [Poss mai]̯ [N
kæt]]
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The ventral pathway: interaction
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
What is your name?
Harry.
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THE LEXICAL INTERFACE
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The lexical interface
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CATEGORY-SPECIFIC SEMANTIC DEFICITS
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 1511/01/113
Do you see any difference between (a) and (b)?
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Category-specific semantic impairmentsFigure 11.1
11/01/113
concrete(picture-able)
animate inanimate
animals plants
wild|
lionshark
domestic|
catgoldfish
inedible|
treeflower
fruit & veggie
|apple
banana
? ? tools transport
processedfood
|pizzacider
musicalinstrument
|pianodrum
hammerpencil
carbike
abstract
beliefshame
3:1
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Semantic dementia• Semantic dementia video• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkKrsbwQvrE• Semantic Dementia: Deana Talking about shopping• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYUGzCbNmNA• 14 minutes of a night with my Grandmother who has
dementia. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFDHic9ZO6M
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
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Semantic dementia
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
Because this disease affects the temporal pole and, with further progression of the disease, the adjacent frontotemporal cortex, the action–perception model predicts that face- and color-related semantic circuits, which reach into these areas, will be impaired more than other semantic networks. The graph presents the performance of patients with semantic dementia (red bars) and healthy control participants (blue bars) in a lexical decision task. … the patients … were found to have more pronounced deficits in processing face- and color-related words than in processing arm- and shape-related words.
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CATEGORY-SPECIFIC SEMANTIC CIRCUITS
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
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Pulvermüller (2013)Category-specific semantic circuits
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SYMBOLIC VS EMBODIED SEMANTICS
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Areas ~ hubs ~ effects = sensorimotor semantics
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The linguistic sign
Signified Signifier
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
• cat• katu • catua • kotka • miu/mau • gat • eesa • bushi
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Ralph, Lowe & Rogers (2007)
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
Symbolic semantics ?Sensorimotor semantics
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Final project• Improve a Wikipedia article about any of the topics
mentioned in class or any other topic broadly related to neurolinguistics.
• Write a short essay explaining what you did and why you did it.
• Print the article before you improve it, highlighting any subtractions.
• Print the article after you improve it, highlighting your additions.
10/21/15 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University
NEXT TIMEQ6More on the lexical interface: word semantics
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