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THE LONDON UNDERGROUND. AKA “The Tube” Oldest underground network in the world 270 stations 11 lines 270 miles 3.2 million passengers. Why underground?. Congested streets No transport links to the City. Idea by Charles Pearson Received financial backing in 1854 Opened 1863 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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THE LONDON UNDERGROUND
• AKA “The Tube”• Oldest underground
network in the world• 270 stations• 11 lines• 270 miles • 3.2 million passengers
Why underground?
• Congested streets• No transport links to
the City
• Idea by Charles Pearson• Received financial backing in 1854
Opened 1863 Opened 1868 Opened 1884
Charles PearsonSolicitor , City of London
ConstructionCut and Cover Method
The Tunnelling Shield
• Invented by James Henry Greathead
• Deep underground tunnels• Eliminated disruption• Protected workers and
stopped tunnel subsiding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=YDFpC4O0roA#t=220s
• Dig three metres a day• First line finished in
four years
Used in the construction of:
• Last line: extension of Jubilee Line, 1999• Connected Canary Wharf financial district
Tunnel constructed by Kawasakio Earth Pressure Balance (E.P.B) boring machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=2W6KLvwz-CU#t=47s
The trains
• Steam trains• Ventilation
• Used on sub-surface lines
• First used 1890• Deep level tube lines• Cleaner, quieter, faster
The Tube today
The Future
• Currently under construction• “Underground mainline” service• Connect the City, Heathrow and West End with
commuter areas
• Direct travel across the city• Reduce congestion on Tube
New trains:• 200m long• 1500 person capacity• Accessible for people with restricted mobility• Comfortable passenger experience
Paddington
Tottenham Court Road
Canary Wharf
The Route
New York City Subway
• First line opened in 1904
• 10 major trunk lines
• 421 stations• Runs some 24
hour lines
Paris Metro
• 16 lines• 301 stations• Main construction
1900-1920• Dense network 245
stations within 34 sq miles
Tokyo
• 8.7 million passengers a day• 13 lines• 274 stations• Began operation
1927