The “Lost Colony”

• Raleigh named it Virginia after the “Virgin Queen” Elizabeth• colonists complained that they didn’t have enough supplies, so

Raleigh sailed back to England• the Spanish (in Florida) heard the colonists were w/o their leader &

prevented Raleigh from getting back to the island• took him a total of 3 yrs. to return to the colony! • English ships finally arrived, but settlers had disappeared &

nowhere to be found “Lost Colony”

• Found the word “Croatoan” carved on a tree; a friendly group of Native Americans in the area

• Did the colonists move w/ them when threatened by the Spanish?

1587 Sir Walter Raleigh (from England ) set up the 1st English colony on Roanoke Island ( NC’s “Outer Banks”)

For 20 years, no one had the courage to travel to the New World!

Eventually, settlers would begin to try again.

England’s 13 Original Colonies(settling in the New World)

Southern ColoniesVocabulary

•investor: a businessman who loans $$ to some1 to help get their company started; the investor will make $$ off the company when it makes $$

•royal colony: a colony that is no longer independent; the king has put his own royal governor in charge

•proprietor: an investor who is in charge of the colony

•refuge: a “safe place”

•debtors: people who owe others $

Virginia (1607)1606 King James created Virginia Company group of investors

1) Virginia Company of London 2) Virginia Company of PlymouthInvestors looked for ppl. willing to go to the New World to make $$ & send profits back to the Old World1607 English colonists settle at JamestownGentlemen looking for precious metals (gold), NOT concerned w/ being

carpenters to build houses OR farmers to raise cropsMost settlers died from disease & starvationEventually taught by Native Americans to grow food & tobacco

Set up Virginia House of Burgesses (1619) 1st representative govt.ocolonists chose 2 ppl to represent each county,meet w/governor & his council = 22 men

1624 Unable to produce crops to make $$$$ to send to England, king makes it a royal colonyMore settlers begin to come to VA w/ promise of lots of free landSettlers used indentured servants to work land for few years (pay their cost of travel to New World)

As early as 1619, 20 Africans were purchased from the Dutch to use at Jamestown as workers considered indentured servants

Maryland (1634)1632 Lord Baltimore given a land grant to establish MD

LB is a proprietor, authority over the colony’s govt.

Colony created as a refuge for Catholics (Protestants soon arrived ,too)

1649 govt. passed Toleration Act – religious freedom to all Christians

The Carolinas (1663)Settlers lured by tobacco profits from MD and VA

Split in 1712

Northern Carolina – farmers grew only enough food to live on & exported tar, pitch, turpentine

Southern Carolina – a major port city on the coast, exporting rice & indigo

1729 made independent royal colonies

Georgia (1732)

Last of the 13 to be established

Created as a refuge for debtors & criminals

also a military post against Spain who had colonized Florida plan unsuccessful

1752 became a royal colony

Middle Colonies Vocabulary

•Quakers: religious group of people seeking refuge from the Old World; believed in the equality of all (men & women, white ppl & black ppl.; didn’t believe in slavery & helped many slaves to freedom through the Underground Railroad

•persecution: to be severely mistreated, tortured, sometimes killed

•clergy: the church officials (priest, bishops, etc.)

New York (1664) 1624 land grant given to Duke of York, calls it New York

lots of political conflict b/t royal governor & elected representatives

Governor works for the kingRepresentatives work for the colonists

At first, settlers didn’t want to come b/c most of land owned by rich people

Very diverse population made up the colony

Peter Zenger – freedom of expression

New Jersey (1664)

Land grant given by Duke of York to nobles seeking religious freedom

1682 NJ sold to Quakers, seeking escape from religious persecution

believed clergy shouldn’t be paid & everyone could know “God’s will”

1702 becomes royal colony ruled by New York’s governor

Pennsylvania (1681)

1682 William Penn creates PA for Quakers needing refuge

Philadelphia - city of “Brotherly Love”, allowed religious freedom

Gave right to vote to all colonists & paid Native Americans for the land

Delaware (1682)

purchased by William Penn from the Duke of York for all immigrants

New England ColoniesVocabulary

•dissenter: some1 who disagrees w/ and goes against everyone else’s thinking/actions

•banished: to be kicked out

•state: another word for the govt.

Plymouth – Massachusetts (1620)

Pilgrims wanted to separate completely from the church & form their ownPilgrims given land grant from the Virginia Company to settle in VA1620 sailed from England on the Mayflower (ship), accidentally landed in MassachusettsStill on board, settlers wrote the Mayflower Compact self – govt.

1) the need for rules to govern themselves2) agreed to make “just and equal laws…for the good of the colony3) all men voted & majority ruled

Survived winter w/ help from Native Americans Thanksgiving!

Puritan –Massachusetts (1630)

Puritans wanted to “purify” the church1629 Puritans given charter to settle in MA

Plan to create perfect Christian society for the world to model itself Puritans escaping religious persecution in Europe fled to MASet up churches governed by its congregation Puritans came to the new world for religious freedom, but didn’t allow others in their colony to do the same NO religious dissenters allowed!

Salem Witch Trials!Roger Williams – 1) believed church & state should be separate b/c politics would corrupt the church

2) colonists should not settle on the land unless it was purchased from Native Americans he’s banished from

Massachusetts!

Rhode Island (1636)1636 Roger Williams started RI on land bought from Native Amer.

Welcomed Jews & Christians, allowed religious freedom

Church & state separate (Govt. not involved in church matters & vice-versa)

Anne Hutchinson – challenged interpretations of the Bible

Connecticut (1636)

Established by religious dissenters

1639 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – the 1st written Constitution of the 13 colonies

New Hampshire (1638)

Established by religious dissenters (people who had been kicked out of the colony for having different religious opinions)

• Investor:

• Royal colony:

Geography/Climate

• - cold winters

• - rocky soil

• - waterfalls & streams (small industry)

• - shorter growing season

• - deep harbors

Economy & Types of Crops

• - produced several cash crops • - crops & animals (wheat, corn, cattle, hogs)• - limited to small farms, self-sufficient• - diverse commercial economy• - overseas commerce, early industry• - manufacturing (grinding wheat, harvesting fish,

saving lumber ships, iron)• - small merchants dominate

People & Religion

• - more diverse than South• - Puritans, Pilgrims, Quakers• - family-oriented• - strong Puritan work ethic• - supported education & an interest in higher

education• - stressed literacy & reading the Bible• - small merchants

Social & Town Structure

• - cluster of small towns

• - lots of port cities needed for trade

• - church! church! church!

• - Enlightenment – intellectual movement

• - use reason & methods to experiment, obtain knowledge

• - Great Awakening

Slavery

• - economy demanded fewer farms, smaller farms

• - industry – enough people needed jobs

• - less initiative to turn to slavery than South

• - wheat & corn didn’t need as much labor as southern crops

Political

• - democratic govt.; consent of the people

• - town meetings in cluster of small towns

• - strong feelings of self-govt.

• - laws & govt. solve problems

Geography/Climate

• - good, big, flat rivers (transportation)

• - no waterfalls

• - broad lowlands

• - long growing season

• - fertile soil

Economy & Types of Crops

• - cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo)

• - plantation economy (huge plantations, planters controlled economy)

• - based on growing crops that were in constant demand

People & Religion

• - spread out over large areas; fewer people

• - less diverse; majority were Englishmen

• - had servants

• - women were 2nd class citizens

• - “survival of self” mentality

• - most like England

Social & Town Structure

• - few towns; plantations instead

• - plantations built along rivers

• - rural & self-sufficient (needs were met - grow own food, milk own cows, etc)

• - not much social interaction

Slavery

• - indentured servants eventually turned to slavery

• - slave labor on plantations b/c crops depended on heavy labor (tobacco & rice)

Political

• - “planter Aristocracy” – people with land and $$ have power and are in charge